DT-Web

DB00519 - Trandolapril


Identification
Name Trandolapril
Accession Number DB00519 (APRD01269)
Type small molecule
Description Trandolapril is a non-sulhydryl prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to its biologically active diacid form, trandolaprilat, in the liver. Trandolaprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Trandolapril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, to improve survival following myocardial infarction in clinically stable patients with left ventricular dysfunction, as an adjunct treatment for congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 430.5372
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 430.246772208
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF), to improve survival following myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals who are hemodynamically stable and demonstrate symptoms of left ventricular systolic dysfunction or signs of CHF within a few days following acute MI, and to slow progression of renal disease in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.
Mechanism of action There are two isoforms of ACE: the somatic isoform, which exists as a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 1277; and the testicular isoform, which has a lower molecular mass and is thought to play a role in sperm maturation and binding of sperm to the oviduct epithelium. Somatic ACE has two functionally active domains, N and C, which arise from tandem gene duplication. Although the two domains have high sequence similarity, they play distinct physiological roles. The C-domain is predominantly involved in blood pressure regulation while the N-domain plays a role in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. ACE inhibitors bind to and inhibit the activity of both domains, but have much greater affinity for and inhibitory activity against the C-domain. Trandolaprilat, the active metabolite of trandolapril, competes with ATI for binding to ACE and inhibits and enzymatic proteolysis of ATI to ATII. Decreasing ATII levels in the body decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the pressor effects of ATII as described in the Pharmacology section above. Trandolaprilat also causes an increase in plasma renin activity likely due to a loss of feedback inhibition mediated by ATII on the release of renin and/or stimulation of reflex mechanisms via baroreceptors.
Absorption ~ 40-60% absorbed; extensive first pass metabolism results in a low bioavailability of 4-14%
Protein binding Serum protein binding of trandolapril is ~ 80% (independent of concentration and not saturable) while that of trandolaprilat is 65 to 94% (concentration-dependent and saturable).
Biotransformation Cleavage of the ester group of trandolapril, primarily in the liver, is responsible for conversion to trandolaprilat, the active metabolite. Seven other metabolites, including diketopiperazine and glucuronide conjugated derivatives of trandolapril and trandolaprilat, have been identified.
Route of elimination After oral administration of trandolapril, about 33% of parent drug and metabolites are recovered in urine, mostly as trandolaprilat, with about 66% in feces.
Toxicity Most likely clinical manifestations of overdose are symptoms of severe hypotension. Most common adverse effects include cough, headache and dizziness. The oral LD50 of trandolapril in mice was 4875 mg/kg in males and 3990 mg/kg in females. In rats, an oral dose of 5000 mg/kg caused low mortality (1 male out of 5; 0 females). In dogs, an oral dose of 1000 mg/kg did not cause mortality and abnormal clinical signs were not observed.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Acetylsalicylic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Allopurinol The ACE inhibitor, Trandolapril, may increase the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to Allopurinol.
Amifostine Trandolapril may increase the hypotensive effect of Amifostine. At chemotherapeutic doses of Amifostine, Trandolapril should be withheld for 24 hours prior to Amifostine administration. Use caution at lower doses of Amifostine.
Amiloride Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Aminosalicylic Acid The salicylate, Aminosalicylic acid, may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Aminosalicylic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Azathioprine Trandolapril may increase the risk of neutropenia. Monitor for increased toxic effects of Azathioprine if Trandolapril is initiated or dose increased.
Azilsartan medoxomil Pharmacodynamic synergism: dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system. Increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
Bendroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, Bendroflumethiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Bendroflumethiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Benzphetamine Benzphetamine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Bumetanide The loop diuretic, Bumetanide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Bumetanide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril.
Candesartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Candesartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Celecoxib The NSAID, Celecoxib, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Celecoxib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Chlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, Chlorothiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Chlorothiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Chlorthalidone The thiazide diuretic, Chlorthalidone, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Chlorthalidone may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Cyclosporine The ACE inhibitor, Trandolapril, may increase the nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporine.
Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Diazoxide Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in blood pressure.
Diclofenac The NSAID, Diclofenac, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Diclofenac is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Diflunisal The NSAID, Diflunisal, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Diflunisal is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Drospirenone Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Ephedra Ephedra may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor Trandolapril efficacy.
Eplerenone Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Epoprostenol The prostacyclin analogue, Epoprostenol, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril.
Eprosartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Eprosartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Ethacrynic acid The loop diuretic, Ethacrynic acid, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Ethacrynic acid may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril.
Etodolac The NSAID, Etodolac, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Etodolac is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Fenoprofen The NSAID, Fenoprofen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Fenoprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Flurbiprofen The NSAID, Flurbiprofen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Flurbiprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Furosemide The loop diuretic, Furosemide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Furosemide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril.
Ginseng Ginseng may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor Trandolapril efficacy.
Hydrochlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Hydrochlorothiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Hydroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, Hydroflumethiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Hydroflumethiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Ibuprofen The NSAID, Ibuprofen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Ibuprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Icatibant Icatibant may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
Iloprost The prostacyclin analogue, Iloprost, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril.
Indapamide The thiazide diuretic, Indapamide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Indapamide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Indomethacin The NSAID, Indomethacin, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Indomethacin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Irbesartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Irbesartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Ketoprofen The NSAID, Ketoprofen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Ketoprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Ketorolac The NSAID, Ketorolac, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Ketorolac is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Lithium Trandolapril may increase the serum concentration of Lithium increasing the risk of Lithium toxicity. Monitor for changes in Lithium serum concentrations, toxicity and efficacy if Trandolapril is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Losartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Losartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Lumiracoxib The NSAID, Lumiracoxib, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Lumiracoxib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Meclofenamic acid The NSAID, Meclofenamate, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Meclofenamate is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Mefenamic acid The NSAID, Mefenamic acid, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Mefenamic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Meloxicam The NSAID, Meloxicam, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Meloxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Methamphetamine Methamphetamine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Methyclothiazide The thiazide diuretic, Methyclothiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Methyclothiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Methylphenidate Methylphenidate may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in blood pressure if Methylphenidate is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Metolazone The thiazide diuretic, Metolazone, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Metolazone may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Nabumetone The NSAID, Nabumetone, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Nabumetone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Naproxen The NSAID, Naproxen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Naproxen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Olmesartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Olmesartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Oxaprozin The NSAID, Oxaprozin, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Oxaprozin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Phendimetrazine Phendimetrazine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Phentermine Phentermine may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril.
Piroxicam The NSAID, Piroxicam, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Piroxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Polythiazide The thiazide diuretic, Polythiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Polythiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Potassium Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Potassium Chloride The potassium salt may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Trandolapril.
Quinine May cause additive hypotensive effects. Monitor for changes in blood pressure if Quinine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Rituximab Trandolapril may incresae the hypotensive effect of Rituximab.
Salsalate The salicylate, Salsalate, may reduce the efficacy of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Salsalate is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Sirolimus Increased risk of angioedema. Monitor for signs and symptoms of facial and systemic edema and/or erythema.
Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate may decrease the absorption of Trandolapril. Administration should be spaced.
Spironolactone Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Sulindac The NSAID, Sulindac, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Sulindac is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Telmisartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Telmisartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Temsirolimus Increased risk of angioedema. Monitor for signs and symptoms of facial and systemic edema and/or erythema.
Tiaprofenic acid The NSAID, Tiaprofenic acid, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Tiaprofenic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tizanidine Tizanidine increases the risk of hypotension with the ACE inhibitor
Tolmetin The NSAID, Tolmetin, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Tolmetin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Torasemide The loop diuretic, Torasemide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Torasemide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril.
Treprostinil The prostacyclin analogue, Treprostinil, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril.
Triamterene Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Trichlormethiazide The thiazide diuretic, Trichlormethiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Trichlormethiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Trimethoprim Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Valsartan The angiotensin II receptor blocker, Valsartan, may increase the adverse effects of Trandolapril.
Food Interactions
  • Herbs that may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of trandolapril include: bayberry, blue cohash, cayenne, ephedra, ginger, ginseng (American), kola and licorice.
  • High salt intake may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of trandolapril.
  • Trandolapril may decrease the excretion of potassium. Salt substitutes containing potassium may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
  • Take without regard to meals.

Targets


Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Name Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Gene Name ACE
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
  • Piepho RW: Overview of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000 Oct 1;57 Suppl 1:S3-7. - Pubmed
  • Song JC, White CM: Clinical pharmacokinetics and selective pharmacodynamics of new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(3):207-24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6613

Enzymes


Liver carboxylesterase 1
Name Liver carboxylesterase 1
Gene Name CES1
Actions substrate
References
  • Zhu HJ, Appel DI, Johnson JA, Chavin KD, Markowitz JS: Role of carboxylesterase 1 and impact of natural genetic variants on the hydrolysis of trandolapril. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;77(7):1266-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.017. Epub 2009 Jan 6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5499

Transporters


Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Gene Name SLC15A1
Actions substrate
References
  • Knutter I, Wollesky C, Kottra G, Hahn MG, Fischer W, Zebisch K, Neubert RH, Daniel H, Brandsch M: Transport of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by H+/peptide transporters revisited. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Nov;327(2):432-41. Epub 2008 Aug 19. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6797
Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Gene Name SLC15A2
Actions substrate
References
  • Knutter I, Wollesky C, Kottra G, Hahn MG, Fischer W, Zebisch K, Neubert RH, Daniel H, Brandsch M: Transport of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by H+/peptide transporters revisited. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Nov;327(2):432-41. Epub 2008 Aug 19. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6218

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
633 Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B pbpA 0.1007
1385 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 0.0956
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0862
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.084
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0832
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0533
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0477
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0459
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0442
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0442
294 Neprilysin MME 0.0432
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0413
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0413
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0412
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0373
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0367
197 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial SDHA 0.0365
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.036
6606 Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit gamma PAFAH1B3 0.0348
4175 Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase PLA2G7 0.0348
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0347
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0309
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0309
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0296
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0296
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0277
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0263
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0246
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0238
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0235
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0235
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6067 Penicillin binding protein 2a mecA 0.0233
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.023
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.023
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
6702 Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein, putative VC_A1006 0.0228
4587 Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase blaB-1 blaB1 0.0228
4586 FEZ-1 protein blaFEZ-1 0.0228
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0224
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0213
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0213
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0203
2544 Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase Not Available 0.0198
1141 Sialidase-1 NEU1 0.0188
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0188
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0181
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0167
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0164
2998 Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 SIGLEC7 0.0157
5482 Sialidase-2 NEU2 0.0154
3060 Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase LTA4H 0.0149
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0148
5754 Metallo-beta-lactamase L1 Not Available 0.0143
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0139
4787 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0139
4820 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0139
5727 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0139
3626 Probable polysaccharide deacetylase pdaA pdaA 0.0138
2178 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 GRM5 0.0136
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0135
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0131
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.013
4666 Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL lecB 0.0127
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0123
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0123
4252 Penicillin-binding protein 5 dacA 0.0117
1373 Glucosylceramidase GBA 0.0114
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0113
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0112
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0108
3611 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.0106
3707 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.0106
4211 Cytidine deaminase CDA 0.0106
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0104
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0104
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0102
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0102
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0102
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0102
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0102
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0102
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0102
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0102
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0102
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.0101
3936 Thymidine phosphorylase TYMP 0.0101
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.01
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0099
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0097
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0095
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0092
3760 Penicillin-binding protein 5 precursor dacA 0.0091
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0089
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0089
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0089
6184 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dacC dacC 0.0088
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0087
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0087
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0087
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0087
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0087
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0086
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0086
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0086
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0086
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0086
4857 Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein AZGP1 0.0084
4785 Ig gamma-1 chain C region IGHG1 0.0083
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0083
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
7154 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0083
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0083
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
6113 MecA PBP2' (penicillin binding protein 2') mecA 0.0082
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0081
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0081
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.008
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0077
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0076
5414 Fiber protein L5 0.0071
5418 Fiber protein L5 0.0071
1756 E-selectin SELE 0.0071
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0071
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0071
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0069
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0068
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.0064
3629 Endo-N-acetylneuraminidase Not Available 0.0062
5416 Coat protein VP1 Not Available 0.0061
1130 Lithostathine 1 alpha REG1A 0.0061
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.006
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.006
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0059
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0059
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0059
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0059
2324 Botulinum neurotoxin type B botB 0.0057
3547 Enterotoxin type B entB 0.0057
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0057
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0056
2058 P-selectin SELP 0.0056
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0056
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0056
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0054
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0052
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0051
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0051
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0051
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0051
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.005
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.005
2570 Tetanus toxin tetX 0.0049
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0049
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0048
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0046
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0046
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0046
102 DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial TOP1MT 0.0043
2723 Cholera enterotoxin subunit B ctxB 0.0042
1353 DNA topoisomerase 1 TOP1 0.004
3552 DNA topoisomerase 1 topA 0.004
796 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 IMPDH2 0.0039
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0038
838 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 IMPDH1 0.0037
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0035
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0034
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0034
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0034
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0034
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0032
2391 Ferrochelatase hemH 0.0031
6502 Ferrochelatase DKFZp686P18130 0.0031
1591 Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial FECH 0.0031
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0031
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.003
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.003
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0029
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0029
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0029
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0029
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0027
6495 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial COX7C 0.0027
6496 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial COX8A 0.0027
6493 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C COX6C 0.0027
6499 Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A1, mitochondrial COX7A1 0.0027
6491 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial COX5A 0.0027
6497 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial COX6A2 0.0027
6494 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial COX7B 0.0027
6498 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 COX6B1 0.0027
6489 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial COX4I1 0.0027
5793 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 MT-CO2 0.0027
6559 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0027
6669 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0027
6490 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 MT-CO3 0.0027
371 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 MT-CO1 0.0027
6558 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ctaD 0.0027
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0026
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0026
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0025
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0025
2540 Choloylglycine hydrolase cbh 0.0025
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0025
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0024
6501 Fatty acid-binding protein, liver FABP1 0.0024
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0023
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0023
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0023
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0022
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0022
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0022
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0022
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0021
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.002
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.002
4878 Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA 0.002
1052 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 CTLA4 0.002
1072 Granzyme B GZMB 0.002
4877 Beta-mannanase man 0.002
4871 Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 endOF3 0.002
4850 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 APOH 0.002
4856 CD209 antigen CD209 0.002
4889 Ig epsilon chain C region IGHE 0.002
4869 Major capsid protein A430L 0.002
4852 Reticulon-4 receptor RTN4R 0.002
4880 Membrane cofactor protein CD46 0.002
757 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.002
4875 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.002
4721 Beta-1,4-mannanase manA 0.002
1563 Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain GP1BA 0.002
1354 Beta-glucuronidase GUSB 0.002
442 Envelope glycoprotein gp41 0.002
4859 Envelope glycoprotein env 0.002
4189 Alpha-galactosidase A GLA 0.002
4845 ADAM 33 ADAM33 0.002
4882 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 DPP6 0.002
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.002
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.002
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.002
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0019
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0018
6858 Inactive carboxylesterase 4 CES1P1 0.0017
793 T-cell surface antigen CD2 CD2 0.0017
4861 Interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain IL6R 0.0017
4193 Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor NPR3 0.0017
3837 Cytokine receptor common beta chain CSF2RB 0.0017
119 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1 0.0017
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0017
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0017
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0017
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0017
4890 Hemagglutinin HA 0.0016
6566 Hemagglutinin Not Available 0.0016
1379 Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B 0.0016
1184 Interferon beta IFNB1 0.0015
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0015
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6120 Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor IGF2R 0.0015
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0015
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0014
1859 Prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP 0.0014
3140 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0014
3609 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0014
18 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha FCER1A 0.0014
3444 Cyanovirin-N Not Available 0.0014
554 Low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR 0.0014
3258 Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase MSDC 0.0014
852 Heparin cofactor 2 SERPIND1 0.0014
595 Fibrinogen alpha chain FGA 0.0013
2372 Bifunctional tail protein 9 0.0013
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0012
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0012
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0012
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0011
1439 Lactotransferrin LTF 0.0011
1782 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin LCN2 0.0011
3814 Complement C1r subcomponent C1R 0.0011
2430 Chondroitinase B cslB 0.0011
6307 Ig gamma-2 chain C region IGHG2 0.001
2581 Chondroitinase AC cslA 0.001
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.001
6847 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase LCT 0.001
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0009
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0008
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0007
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