DT-Web

DB01395 - Drospirenone


Identification
Name Drospirenone
Accession Number DB01395
Type small molecule
Description Drospirenone is a synthetic progestin that is an analog to spironolactone. It is found in a number of birth control formulations. Drospirenone differs from other synthetic progestins in that its pharmacological profile in preclinical studies shows it to be closer to the natural progesterone. As such it has anti-mineralocorticoid properties, counteracts the estrogen-stimulated activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and is not androgenic. It was shown in animal studies that drospirenone exhibits antiandrogenic activity judging from accessory sex gland growth in castrated, androgen-treated, juvenile rats.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 366.4932
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 366.219494826
Pharmacology
Indication For the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect an oral contraceptive.
Mechanism of action Progestins such as drospirenone diffuse freely into target cells in the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, hypothalamus, and the pituitary and bind to the progesterone receptor. Once bound to the receptor, progestins slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH surge.
Absorption Oral bioavailability is approximately 76%.
Protein binding 95-97%
Biotransformation Extensively metabolized following oral or intravenous administration. The two major metabolites are inactive and are formed independent of the CYP450 enzyme system. The metabolites are the acid form of drospirenone formed by opening of the lactone ring and the 4,5-dihydro-drospirenone-3-sulfate.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Artemether Artemether may decrease the effectiveness of drospirinone by increasing its metabolism via CYP3A4. Consider an alternate non-hormonal means of contraception during artemether therapy.
Benazepril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Bexarotene Bexarotene may decrease the serum concentration of Contraceptives (Progestins). Since bexarotene is teratogenic and can lower serum concentrations of drospirenone, it is advised that women of childbearing potential use two forms of contraception (including at least one non-hormonal form).
Boceprevir Boceprevir increases levels by affecting CYP3A4 metabolism. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Candesartan Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Captopril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Cilazapril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Colesevelam Bile Acid Sequestrants may decrease the serum concentration of Contraceptives (Progestins). Administer oral progestin-containing contraceptives at least 1-4 hours prior to or 4-6 hours after administration of a bile acid sequestrant. Consider alternatives in order to avoid this combination when possible, due to the risk for impaired contraceptive effectiveness.
Enalapril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Eprosartan Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Fosinopril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Heparin Heparin can increase risk of hyperkalemia for patients on drospirenone
Irbesartan Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Lisinopril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Losartan Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Olmesartan Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Perindopril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Potassium Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Quinapril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Ramipril Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Telmisartan Telmisartan may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Drospirenone. Monitor for increased serum potassium concentrations during concomitant therapy.
Thiopental Thiopental may decrease the effect of Drospirenone. Contraceptive failure may occur. Alternative nonhomomonal contraception should be used during concomitant therapy.
Trandolapril Increased risk of hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium levels.
Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
Tretinoin Oral Tretinoin may decrease the effect of oral contraceptive, Drospirenone. An alternate form of contraception should be used during concomitant therapy.
Triamterene Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Warfarin Drospirenone may alter the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. Monitor for changes in coagulation status if drospirenone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions
  • Food reduces the rate of absorption, but not the extent of absorption.

Targets


Progesterone receptor
Name Progesterone receptor
Gene Name PGR
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Krattenmacher R: Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception. 2000 Jul;62(1):29-38. - Pubmed
  • Bray JD, Jelinsky S, Ghatge R, Bray JA, Tunkey C, Saraf K, Jacobsen BM, Richer JK, Brown EL, Winneker RC, Horwitz KB, Lyttle CR: Quantitative analysis of gene regulation by seven clinically relevant progestins suggests a highly similar mechanism of action through progesterone receptors in T47D breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Dec;97(4):328-41. Epub 2005 Sep 12. - Pubmed
  • Fuhrmann U, Krattenmacher R, Slater EP, Fritzemeier KH: The novel progestin drospirenone and its natural counterpart progesterone: biochemical profile and antiandrogenic potential. Contraception. 1996 Oct;54(4):243-51. - Pubmed
  • Arias-Loza PA, Hu K, Schafer A, Bauersachs J, Quaschning T, Galle J, Jazbutyte V, Neyses L, Ertl G, Fritzemeier KH, Hegele-Hartung C, Pelzer T: Medroxyprogesterone acetate but not drospirenone ablates the protective function of 17 beta-estradiol in aldosterone salt-treated rats. Hypertension. 2006 Nov;48(5):994-1001. Epub 2006 Sep 25. - Pubmed
  • Sitruk-Ware R: New progestagens for contraceptive use. Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Mar-Apr;12(2):169-78. Epub 2005 Nov 16. - Pubmed
  • Sitruk-Ware R: New progestogens: a review of their effects in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(13):865-83. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6459
Mineralocorticoid receptor
Name Mineralocorticoid receptor
Gene Name NR3C2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Krattenmacher R: Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception. 2000 Jul;62(1):29-38. - Pubmed
  • Fuhrmann U, Krattenmacher R, Slater EP, Fritzemeier KH: The novel progestin drospirenone and its natural counterpart progesterone: biochemical profile and antiandrogenic potential. Contraception. 1996 Oct;54(4):243-51. - Pubmed
  • Muhn P, Fuhrmann U, Fritzemeier KH, Krattenmacher R, Schillinger E: Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 Jun 12;761:311-35. - Pubmed
  • Oelkers WK: Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure. Steroids. 1996 Apr;61(4):166-71. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4559
Androgen receptor
Name Androgen receptor
Gene Name AR
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Krattenmacher R: Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception. 2000 Jul;62(1):29-38. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.1494

Enzymes


Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Gene Name PTGS2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Maia H Jr, Casoy J, Athayde C, Valente Filho J, Coutinho EM: The effect of a continuous regimen of drospirenone 3 mg/ethinylestradiol 30 microg on Cox-2 and Ki-67 expression in the endometrium. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2010 Feb;15(1):35-40. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4037
Cholinesterase
Name Cholinesterase
Gene Name BCHE
Actions substrate
References
  • Koitka M, Hochel J, Gieschen H, Borchert HH: Improving the ex vivo stability of drug ester compounds in rat and dog serum: inhibition of the specific esterases and implications on their identity. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010 Feb 5;51(3):664-78. Epub 2009 Sep 23. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5975

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.1799
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.1477
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.1232
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.1018
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0937
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0872
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0807
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0661
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.059
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0556
2202 Steryl-sulfatase STS 0.0552
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0492
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0456
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0408
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0405
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0367
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0362
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0359
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0349
6241 Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 NCOA2 0.0336
364 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 HSD11B1 0.0334
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0332
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0328
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0323
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0322
6228 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 NCOA1 0.0313
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0309
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0305
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0297
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0289
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0273
596 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 SRD5A1 0.0254
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0246
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0246
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0236
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0231
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.022
2433 Capsid protein P40 UL80 0.0213
3569 Capsid protein P40 BVRF2 0.0213
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0203
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0202
2049 Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor CCKBR 0.0191
1649 Small inducible cytokine A2 CCL2 0.0189
3076 Antigen 85-C fbpC 0.0187
1159 Interleukin-6 IL6 0.0185
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0176
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0173
66 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type II HSD3B2 0.0167
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0164
226 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor GNRHR 0.0158
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0152
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.015
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0149
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0148
2796 Parathion hydrolase opd 0.0147
6539 Parathion hydrolase opd 0.0147
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0146
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0145
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0144
3454 Esterase estA 0.0141
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.0135
381 Prolactin receptor PRLR 0.013
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0129
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0128
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0127
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0127
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0126
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0125
2929 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase dhlB 0.0124
2995 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase Not Available 0.0124
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0123
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.012
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0119
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0117
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0117
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0115
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0115
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0114
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0114
853 Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase FDPS 0.0113
3312 Fatty acid-binding protein, brain FABP7 0.0113
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0112
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0111
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0109
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0101
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0101
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.0101
1439 Lactotransferrin LTF 0.01
777 Tumor necrosis factor TNF 0.0098
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0097
4674 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase cumD 0.0097
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0092
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0091
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0091
782 ADP/ATP translocase 2 SLC25A5 0.0086
688 ADP/ATP translocase 3 SLC25A6 0.0086
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0084
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0084
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0082
5997 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 TNFSF11 0.0081
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.008
61 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0079
2644 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0079
2710 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0079
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0079
6048 Troponin C, skeletal muscle TNNC2 0.0078
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0078
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0078
703 NADPH azoreductase azr 0.0076
4221 Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF 0.0075
5816 Cadherin-5 CDH5 0.0075
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0074
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0073
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0073
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0071
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0071
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0071
850 Vasopressin V1b receptor AVPR1B 0.007
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0068
217 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 HSD17B1 0.0066
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0065
85 Growth hormone receptor GHR 0.0065
661 ADP/ATP translocase 1 SLC25A4 0.0064
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.0064
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0061
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0061
185 Vasopressin V1a receptor AVPR1A 0.0061
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0061
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0061
3823 Cytokine receptor common gamma chain IL2RG 0.0061
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.006
322 Vasopressin V2 receptor AVPR2 0.006
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.0056
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0056
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.0056
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0055
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0054
724 Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain IL2RA 0.0053
717 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta IL2RB 0.0053
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0052
4132 Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka CLCNKA 0.0051
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0051
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.005
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.005
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.005
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0049
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0049
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.0049
1648 Elastin ELN 0.0047
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0047
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.0047
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0046
4784 Beta-mannosidase manB 0.0046
6695 Beta-mannosidase BT_0458 0.0046
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0044
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0043
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0043
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0043
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0042
606 Cytochrome P450 27, mitochondrial CYP27A1 0.0042
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0041
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0041
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0041
2998 Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 SIGLEC7 0.004
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0039
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0039
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0038
130 Prostacyclin synthase PTGIS 0.0037
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0037
1789 Lymphotoxin-alpha LTA 0.0037
1269 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B TNFRSF1B 0.0037
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0037
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0036
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0036
4787 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
4820 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
5727 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0036
144 Hemoglobin subunit alpha HBA1 0.0036
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0035
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0035
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
78 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial ACAT1 0.0034
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0034
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0033
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0033
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0033
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0033
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0033
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0032
759 Free fatty acid receptor 1 FFAR1 0.0032
1818 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3 ACSL3 0.0032
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0032
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0032
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0032
1787 Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit NFKB1 0.0032
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0031
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0031
3437 Eosinophil lysophospholipase CLC 0.003
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.003
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.0028
1053 BC269730_2 FADS1 0.0028
1395 Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 SLC8A1 0.0028
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0027
823 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 FGFR2 0.0027
1457 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 ACSL4 0.0026
1558 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 TRPV1 0.0026
2180 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 PDPK1 0.0026
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0026
663 Solute carrier family 12 member 4 SLC12A4 0.0026
53 Solute carrier family 12 member 5 SLC12A5 0.0026
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0026
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0026
3814 Complement C1r subcomponent C1R 0.0026
3601 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0025
3807 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0025
3808 Dihydropteroate synthase 2 folP2 0.0025
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0025
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0025
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0024
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0024
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0024
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0024
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0024
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0024
459 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA 0.0023
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0023
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0023
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0023
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0023
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0023
2782 Complement C1s subcomponent C1S 0.0022
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0022
4785 Ig gamma-1 chain C region IGHG1 0.0022
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0022
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0021
3817 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C C1QC 0.0021
3815 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A C1QA 0.0021
3816 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B C1QB 0.0021
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0021
1102 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B FCGR3B 0.0021
3818 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A FCGR3A 0.0021
3819 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a FCGR2A 0.0021
3821 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c FCGR2C 0.0021
3820 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b FCGR2B 0.002
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.002
102 DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial TOP1MT 0.002
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.002
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.0019
784 High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I FCGR1A 0.0019
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0019
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0019
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0018
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0017
3929 Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase PHOSPHO1 0.0017
549 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PCYT1B 0.0017
264 Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta CHKB 0.0017
3927 Choline transporter-like protein 3 SLC44A3 0.0017
861 Choline kinase alpha CHKA 0.0017
3933 Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase CEPT1 0.0017
769 High-affinity choline transporter 1 SLC5A7 0.0017
700 Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial CHDH 0.0017
1686 Choline transporter-like protein 1 SLC44A1 0.0017
3926 Choline transporter-like protein 2 SLC44A2 0.0017
3925 Choline transporter-like protein 4 SLC44A4 0.0017
576 Choline O-acetyltransferase CHAT 0.0017
3922 Phospholipase D2 PLD2 0.0017
3924 Phospholipase D1 PLD1 0.0017
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0017
1353 DNA topoisomerase 1 TOP1 0.0017
3552 DNA topoisomerase 1 topA 0.0017
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0016
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0016
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0015
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0015
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.0015
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.0014
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0014
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0014
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0014
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0014
4498 Ornithine cyclodeaminase PP3533 0.0012
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0012
4608 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO1207 0.0012
4963 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO2884 0.0012
6254 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO6998 0.0012
5449 Hypothetical gliding protein mglB 0.0012
5443 UPF0189 protein ymdB ymdB 0.0012
5440 UPF0067 protein yebR yebR 0.0012
4705 Manganese catalase Not Available 0.0012
5439 33 kDa chaperonin hslO 0.0012
5446 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate phosphatase HI_1679 0.0012
2720 Copper-containing nitrite reductase nirK 0.0012
5448 Ribonuclease Z rnz 0.0012
3781 Thiol:disulfide interchange protein dsbC precursor dsbC 0.0012
5447 Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein L3MBTL1 0.0012
5454 Internalin-A inlA 0.0012
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0012
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0012
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0012
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0012
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0012
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0012
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0011
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.0011
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0011
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0011
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0011
3736 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A gapA 0.0011
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0011
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0011
5450 Prolyl endopeptidase Pep pep 0.0011
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.001
3356 Diaminopimelate decarboxylase lysA 0.001
597 Dihydropteridine reductase QDPR 0.001
4771 Dissimilatory copper-containing nitrite reductase nir 0.001
3274 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.001
4804 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.001
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.001
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.001
2714 Chorismate mutase aroH 0.001
4611 Chorismate mutase aroG 0.001
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.001
3462 Tyrosine-protein kinase transforming protein Abl ABL 0.001
3399 Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase limA 0.001
3697 Bifunctional protein glmU [Includes: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase glmU 0.001
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0009
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0009
5180 L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase mdlB 0.0009
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0009
3500 Putative family 31 glucosidase yicI yicI 0.0009
4878 Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA 0.0009
1052 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 CTLA4 0.0009
1072 Granzyme B GZMB 0.0009
4889 Ig epsilon chain C region IGHE 0.0009
4877 Beta-mannanase man 0.0009
4871 Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 endOF3 0.0009
4189 Alpha-galactosidase A GLA 0.0009
4850 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 APOH 0.0009
4880 Membrane cofactor protein CD46 0.0009
4856 CD209 antigen CD209 0.0009
1354 Beta-glucuronidase GUSB 0.0009
757 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0009
4875 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0009
4869 Major capsid protein A430L 0.0009
4852 Reticulon-4 receptor RTN4R 0.0009
4845 ADAM 33 ADAM33 0.0009
1563 Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain GP1BA 0.0009
442 Envelope glycoprotein gp41 0.0009
4859 Envelope glycoprotein env 0.0009
4882 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 DPP6 0.0009
4721 Beta-1,4-mannanase manA 0.0009
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
1615 Chymase CMA1 0.0009
2597 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] glmS 0.0008
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0008
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0008
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0008
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0008
287 Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 B4GALT1 0.0008
4861 Interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain IL6R 0.0008
793 T-cell surface antigen CD2 CD2 0.0008
119 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1 0.0008
4193 Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor NPR3 0.0008
3837 Cytokine receptor common beta chain CSF2RB 0.0008
4890 Hemagglutinin HA 0.0007
6566 Hemagglutinin Not Available 0.0007
1379 Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B 0.0007
4857 Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein AZGP1 0.0007
6858 Inactive carboxylesterase 4 CES1P1 0.0007
1184 Interferon beta IFNB1 0.0007
6120 Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor IGF2R 0.0007
18 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha FCER1A 0.0006
554 Low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR 0.0006
852 Heparin cofactor 2 SERPIND1 0.0006
1859 Prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP 0.0006
3444 Cyanovirin-N Not Available 0.0006
3140 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0006
3609 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0006
595 Fibrinogen alpha chain FGA 0.0006
3258 Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase MSDC 0.0006
4666 Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL lecB 0.0005
2372 Bifunctional tail protein 9 0.0005
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0005
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0005
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0005
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0005
4943 Cytochrome c6 petJ 0.0005
4954 Soluble cytochrome b558 Not Available 0.0005
4984 Neuroglobin NGB 0.0005
4905 Cytochrome c2 Not Available 0.0005
4939 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0005
4964 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0005
4979 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0005
6673 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0005
4994 Hemoglobin-like protein HbO glbO 0.0005
4925 Cytochrome c-type protein SHP shp 0.0005
4998 Hemoglobin-like protein yjbI yjbI 0.0005
4934 Cytochrome c-551 nirM 0.0005
5218 Cytochrome c-551 nirM 0.0005
4947 Bacterial hemoglobin vhb 0.0005
4942 Diheme cytochrome c napB napB 0.0005
4961 Hemophore HasA hasA 0.0005
4910 Cytoglobin CYGB 0.0005
4936 Cytochrome c2 iso-2 Not Available 0.0005
4904 Cytochrome c family protein GSU1996 0.0005
4916 Cyanoglobin glbN 0.0005
4915 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0005
4959 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0005
5216 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0005
644 Heme oxygenase 2 HMOX2 0.0005
4982 Heme oxygenase 2 pbsA2 0.0005
4764 Cytochrome P450 165C4 CYP165C4 0.0005
4975 Cytochrome c-556 RPA3973 0.0005
3116 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0005
4906 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0005
4965 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0005
5000 HemO hemO 0.0005
4971 Nonaheme cytochrome c hmcA 0.0005
4989 Cytochrome c551 peroxidase ccp 0.0005
5222 Cytochrome c551 peroxidase ccpA 0.0005
4976 Apocytochrome f petA 0.0005
6407 Apocytochrome f petA 0.0005
4907 Cytochrome c-L moxG 0.0005
6865 Cytochrome c-L moxG 0.0005
4981 Iron-starvation protein PigA pigA 0.0005
4993 Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase hao1 0.0005
4909 CooA protein cooA 0.0005
4999 Cytochrome P450 165B3 CYP165B3 0.0005
4937 Cytochrome oxidase subunit II rcoxA 0.0005
4972 P450cin cinA 0.0005
4960 Putative cytochrome P450-family protein SCO7417 0.0005
4935 Cytochrome c-554 cycA1 0.0005
4931 Cytochrome P450 167A1 CYP167A1 0.0005
4926 Heme-based aerotactic transducer hemAT hemAT 0.0005
4922 Cytochrome c, putative SO_4144 0.0005
4952 Catalase/peroxidase katA 0.0005
4970 Cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalytic subunit nrfA 0.0005
4903 Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein Tar4 0.0005
3093 Catalase HPII katE 0.0005
4908 Heme-regulated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase dosP 0.0005
1782 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin LCN2 0.0005
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0005
2430 Chondroitinase B cslB 0.0004
6307 Ig gamma-2 chain C region IGHG2 0.0004
2581 Chondroitinase AC cslA 0.0004
6847 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase LCT 0.0004
4920 Peroxidase/catalase katG 0.0004
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0004
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0004
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0004
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0004
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0004
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0004
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0004
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0004
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0004
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0004
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0004
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0004
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0004
4956 Quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase ADH IIB qbdA 0.0004
4923 Cytochrome c3 DvMF_2499 0.0004
4945 Cytochrome c3 Not Available 0.0004
4949 Cytochrome c3 DVU_3171 0.0004
4968 Cytochrome c3 cytc3 0.0004
4997 Cytochrome c3 SO_2727 0.0004
5219 Cytochrome c3 cyd 0.0004
4948 Cytochrome c-553 Not Available 0.0004
2119 Cytochrome b5 CYB5A 0.0004
3189 High-molecular-weight cytochrome c hmcA 0.0004
4902 Nine-heme cytochrome c Ddes_2038 0.0004
4289 Cytochrome P450 TT_P0059 0.0004
6262 Cytochrome P450 staP 0.0004
4990 PpcA ppcA 0.0004
4992 Cytochrome c peroxidase Not Available 0.0004
3570 Cytochrome P450 152A1 cypC 0.0004
4988 Sulfite oxidase, mitochondrial SUOX 0.0004
2915 Sensor protein fixL fixL 0.0004
4944 Sensor protein fixL fixL 0.0004
3375 Acidic cytochrome c3 Not Available 0.0004
4813 Heme oxygenase hmuO 0.0004
5769 Heme oxygenase Not Available 0.0004
4385 Cytochrome c' Not Available 0.0004
4967 Cytochrome c' cycA 0.0004
5038 Cytochrome c' Not Available 0.0004
5223 Cytochrome c' cycP 0.0004
2230 Catalase CAT 0.0003
3249 Catalase katA 0.0003
3625 Catalase katA 0.0003
4539 Catalase katA 0.0003
4941 Catalase katB 0.0003
3670 Soluble cytochrome b562 precursor cybC 0.0003
3411 Cytochrome P450 121 cyp121 0.0003
2617 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0003
2701 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0003
3291 Cytochrome c-552 cycA 0.0003
4927 Cytochrome c-552 nrfA 0.0003
4938 Cytochrome c-552 cycA 0.0003
4953 Cytochrome c-552 nrfA 0.0003
5217 Cytochrome c-552 cycM 0.0003
4386 Hemoglobin-like protein HbN glbN 0.0003
3102 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0003
4969 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0003
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0003
518 Peroxidase/catalase T katG 0.0003
3127 Nitrite reductase nirS 0.0003
3284 Nitrite reductase nirS 0.0003
2845 Bifunctional P-450:NADPH-P450 reductase CYP102A1 0.0003
605 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0003
2709 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit SO_0970 0.0003
3673 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit fccA 0.0003
4912 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit ifcA 0.0003
6549 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0003
3221 Cytochrome c4 cc4 0.0003
2972 6-deoxyerythronolide B hydroxylase eryF 0.0003
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0003
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0002
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0002
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0002
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0002
693 Hemoglobin subunit beta HBB 0.0002
6268 Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 HAO1 0.0002
810 Heme oxygenase 1 HMOX1 0.0002
3391 Heme oxygenase 1 pbsA1 0.0002
2298 Cytochrome P450-cam camC 0.0002
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0002
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