DT-Web

DB01088 - Iloprost


Identification
Name Iloprost
Accession Number DB01088 (APRD01027)
Type small molecule
Description Iloprost is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin PGI2. Iloprost dilates systemic and pulmonary arterial vascular beds. It is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 478.6197
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 478.271924326
Pharmacology
Indication Used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Mechanism of action Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, such as carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to human prostacyclin (Prostanoid IP) and prostaglandin EP1 receptors. Iloprost constricts the ilium and fundus circular smooth muscle as strongly as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) itself. Iloprost inhibits the ADP, thrombin, and collagen-induced aggregation of human platelets. In whole animals, iloprost acts as a vasodilator, hypotensive, antidiuretic, and prolongs bleeding time. All of these properties help to antagonize the pathological changes that take place in the small pulmonary arteries of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Absorption Rapidly absorbed with bioavailability of 63%
Protein binding 60%
Biotransformation Primarily hepatic. Iloprost is metabolized principally via beta-oxidation of the carboxyl side chain.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Overdoses can lead to hypotension, headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Trandolapril The prostacyclin analogue, Iloprost, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Prostacyclin receptor
Name Prostacyclin receptor
Gene Name PTGIR
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Takamatsu H, Tsukada H, Watanabe Y, Cui Y, Kataoka Y, Hosoya T, Suzuki M, Watanabe Y: Specific ligand for a central type prostacyclin receptor attenuates neuronal damage in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2002 Jan 25;925(2):176-82. - Pubmed
  • Crutchley DJ, Solomon DE, Conanan LB: Prostacyclin analogues inhibit tissue factor expression in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 via a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Jun;12(6):664-70. - Pubmed
  • Schermuly RT, Pullamsetti SS, Breitenbach SC, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Grimminger F, Nilius SM, Schror K, Kirchrath JM, Seeger W, Rose F: Iloprost-induced desensitization of the prostacyclin receptor in isolated rabbit lungs. Respir Res. 2007 Jan 26;8:4. - Pubmed
  • Idzko M, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Kool M, Vos N, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN: Inhaled iloprost suppresses the cardinal features of asthma via inhibition of airway dendritic cell function. J Clin Invest. 2007 Feb;117(2):464-72. - Pubmed
  • Tsai AL, Vijjeswarapu H, Wu KK: Interaction between platelet receptor and iloprost isomers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Jul 21;942(2):220-6. - Pubmed
  • Olschewski H, Rose F, Schermuly R, Ghofrani HA, Enke B, Olschewski A, Seeger W: Prostacyclin and its analogues in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 2004 May;102(2):139-53. - Pubmed
  • Anderson JR, Nawarskas JJ: Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiol Rev. 2010 May-Jun;18(3):148-62. - Pubmed
  • Mubarak KK: A review of prostaglandin analogs in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Med. 2010 Jan;104(1):9-21. Epub 2009 Aug 15. - Pubmed
  • Krug S, Sablotzki A, Hammerschmidt S, Wirtz H, Seyfarth HJ: Inhaled iloprost for the control of pulmonary hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):465-74. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.442
Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype
Name Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype
Gene Name PTGER1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Sharif NA, Davis TL: Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;54(4):539-47. - Pubmed
  • Walch L, de Montpreville V, Brink C, Norel X: Prostanoid EP(1)- and TP-receptors involved in the contraction of human pulmonary veins. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;134(8):1671-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6192
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Gene Name PDE4A
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inducer
References
  • Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. - Pubmed
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. - Pubmed
  • Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. - Pubmed
  • Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
Gene Name PDE4B
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inducer
References
  • Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. - Pubmed
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. - Pubmed
  • Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. - Pubmed
  • Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C
Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C
Gene Name PDE4C
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inducer
References
  • Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. - Pubmed
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. - Pubmed
  • Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. - Pubmed
  • Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D
Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D
Gene Name PDE4D
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inducer
References
  • Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. - Pubmed
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. - Pubmed
  • Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. - Pubmed
  • Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
Tissue-type plasminogen activator
Name Tissue-type plasminogen activator
Gene Name PLAT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions other/unknown
References
  • Kerins DM, Roy L, Kunitada S, Adedoyin A, FitzGerald GA, Fitzgerald DJ: Pharmacokinetics of tissue-type plasminogen activator during acute myocardial infarction in men. Effect of a prostacyclin analogue. Circulation. 1992 Feb;85(2):526-32. - Pubmed
  • Nicolini FA, Mehta JL, Nichols WW, Saldeen TG, Grant M: Prostacyclin analogue iloprost decreases thrombolytic potential of tissue-type plasminogen activator in canine coronary thrombosis. Circulation. 1990 Mar;81(3):1115-22. - Pubmed
  • Nichols WW, Nicolini FA, Saldeen TG, Mehta JL: Combined thrombolytic effects of tissue-plasminogen activator and a fibrinogen-degradation product peptide 6A or iloprost. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;18(2):231-6. - Pubmed
  • Nizankowski R, Krzanowski M, Musial J, Szczeklik A: [Effect of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor and prostacyclin analogue on arterial blood pressure, fibrinolysis and platelet function in patients with hypertension] Pol Tyg Lek. 1991 Jan 7-14;46(1-3):18-21. - Pubmed
  • Herczenik E, Bouma B, Korporaal SJ, Strangi R, Zeng Q, Gros P, Van Eck M, Van Berkel TJ, Gebbink MF, Akkerman JW: Activation of human platelets by misfolded proteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jul;27(7):1657-65. Epub 2007 May 17. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8436

Transporters


Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Name Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Gene Name SLCO2B1
Actions substrate
References
  • Nishio T, Adachi H, Nakagomi R, Tokui T, Sato E, Tanemoto M, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Nakai D, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Kondo Y, Unno M, Ito S, Iinuma K, Nunoki K, Matsuno S, Abe T: Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Sep 7;275(3):831-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3577
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
Name Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
Gene Name SLCO2A1
Actions substrate
References
  • Lu R, Kanai N, Bao Y, Schuster VL: Cloning, in vitro expression, and tissue distribution of a human prostaglandin transporter cDNA(hPGT). J Clin Invest. 1996 Sep 1;98(5):1142-9. - Pubmed
  • Kanai N, Lu R, Satriano JA, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter. Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):866-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4381
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1
Name Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1
Gene Name SLCO3A1
Actions substrate
References
  • Adachi H, Suzuki T, Abe M, Asano N, Mizutamari H, Tanemoto M, Nishio T, Onogawa T, Toyohara T, Kasai S, Satoh F, Suzuki M, Tokui T, Unno M, Shimosegawa T, Matsuno S, Ito S, Abe T: Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):F1188-97. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3268

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.1339
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.1321
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.1292
779 High-affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A PDE7A 0.1228
691 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B PDE7B 0.1163
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.108
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.1057
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.1039
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.1002
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0958
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0926
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0893
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0865
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0842
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0829
2353 Apolipoprotein(a) LPA 0.0823
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0821
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0801
130 Prostacyclin synthase PTGIS 0.0801
268 Adenosine A2b receptor ADORA2B 0.0725
6216 High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A PDE8A 0.0701
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0691
695 cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A PDE10A 0.0645
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0604
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0601
6217 High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B PDE8B 0.0588
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0573
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0555
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0521
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0518
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0506
2922 Glycerol kinase glpK 0.0504
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0498
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0498
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0464
2684 Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 HINT1 0.0463
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0461
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0442
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0427
599 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH 0.0425
4426 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0425
4454 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0425
4489 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0425
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0413
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0412
3834 Nidogen-1 NID1 0.0406
2597 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] glmS 0.0403
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0398
3806 cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE2A 0.0391
2206 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase GPI 0.0381
3736 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A gapA 0.0376
4628 NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gapN 0.0375
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.037
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0354
3833 Plasma serine protease inhibitor SERPINA5 0.0353
1349 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 SERPINB2 0.0353
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0344
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0329
3011 Suppressor of tumorigenicity protein 14 ST14 0.0323
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0318
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0316
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0306
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0304
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0299
791 Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor PLAUR 0.0294
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0285
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0282
1244 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 LRP2 0.0282
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.028
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0279
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0276
1830 5'-nucleotidase NT5E 0.0266
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0266
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0264
267 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 SERPINE1 0.0263
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0258
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0254
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0251
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0228
2853 14 kDa fatty acid-binding protein Not Available 0.0219
3676 Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, Phe-sensitive aroG 0.0216
3134 Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase aroF 0.0215
777 Tumor necrosis factor TNF 0.0205
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0199
4384 Capsule biosynthesis protein synC 0.0199
1116 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] PCK1 0.0188
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0187
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0185
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0185
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0184
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0183
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0182
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0173
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0166
1074 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator PLAU 0.0166
6599 HTH-type transcriptional regulator ttgR ttgR 0.0163
2310 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase kdsA 0.0163
2542 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase kdsA 0.0163
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0161
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0156
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0153
2183 Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte FABP4 0.015
5360 High-affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A PDE9A 0.0149
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0148
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0144
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.014
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0135
2347 Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 PIM1 0.0135
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0133
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0132
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0131
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0131
933 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src SRC 0.013
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0128
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0128
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0127
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0124
2256 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B PDE3B 0.0122
6037 Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma PDE6G 0.011
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0108
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0108
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0106
851 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 PRKAB2 0.0105
388 AMP deaminase 1 AMPD1 0.0105
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.01
128 Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase APRT 0.0094
1291 cAMP response element-binding protein CREB1 0.0092
704 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 ACSL1 0.0091
386 Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic ACSS2 0.0091
821 Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial ACSS1 0.0091
297 Adenylate cyclase type 1 ADCY1 0.0091
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0088
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0088
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0088
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0088
4198 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 FBP1 0.0088
281 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 PRKAB1 0.0087
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0087
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0086
748 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 PRKAA1 0.0084
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0084
6021 Adenosine kinase ADK 0.0081
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.0081
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0079
860 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase NNMT 0.0078
583 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] QPRT 0.0078
2442 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0078
2459 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0078
699 Nicotinic acid receptor 1 GPR109A 0.0078
928 Nicotinic acid receptor 2 GPR109B 0.0078
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0076
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0075
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0075
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0075
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0074
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0071
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0071
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0069
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0069
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0069
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0069
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0069
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0069
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0068
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0067
5691 DTDP-4-DEHYDRORHAMNOSE 3,5-EPIMERASE RMLC rmlC 0.0067
3361 Serpin B5 SERPINB5 0.0067
5694 Transcription antiterminator licT licT 0.0067
5818 Folate receptor alpha FOLR1 0.0067
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0067
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0067
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0066
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0064
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0062
778 Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CYSLTR1 0.0061
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.006
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.006
2286 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.006
2302 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.006
2771 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.006
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.006
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0059
293 Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase GGH 0.0058
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0058
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0056
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0056
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.0054
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0054
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0054
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0054
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0053
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.005
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0049
4534 Cytohesin-2 CYTH2 0.0048
814 Ryanodine receptor 1 RYR1 0.0048
3668 Maltose-binding periplasmic protein precursor malE 0.0047
3014 Ribonuclease UK114 HRSP12 0.0046
3718 Hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes activator oxyR 0.0046
5428 Replication protein repA 0.0046
3617 Non-heme chloroperoxidase cpo 0.0046
5426 Non-heme chloroperoxidase cpo 0.0046
5427 Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase chqB 0.0046
3018 HTH-type transcriptional regulator malT malT 0.0046
2287 Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase ATIC 0.0043
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0042
6837 Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B STK17B 0.0042
6836 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, mitochondrial HIBCH 0.0042
2592 Beta-galactosidase lacZ 0.0042
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.004
315 Arginase-1 ARG1 0.004
2958 Probable tautomerase ydcE pptA 0.004
2573 Cocaine esterase cocE 0.004
7263 Cocaine esterase Not Available 0.004
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.0039
3115 Ras-related protein Rab-9 RAB9A 0.0039
3603 Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase clcA 0.0039
6656 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 3A1 UGT3A1 0.0037
1119 Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial PRDX5 0.0034
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0033
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0033
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0033
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0033
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0033
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0033
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0033
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0033
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0032
2599 Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK HCK 0.0032
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0031
6344 ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial ATP5C1 0.003
6342 ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial ATP5A1 0.003
6343 ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial ATP5B 0.003
2693 Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain eltB 0.003
4674 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase cumD 0.003
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.003
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0029
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0027
6259 (3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase fabZ 0.0027
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0026
2404 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform PIK3CG 0.0025
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0025
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0025
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0025
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0025
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0024
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0023
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0023
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0022
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0022
6206 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' rpoC 0.0021
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0021
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0021
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0021
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.002
284 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.002
5773 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.002
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.002
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0016
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0016
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0014
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0013
3087 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase nadD 0.0013
4469 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase nadD 0.0013
4992 Cytochrome c peroxidase Not Available 0.0013
5590 N utilization substance protein B homolog nusB 0.0012
5598 Glycerol uptake operon antiterminator-related protein TM_1436 0.0012
5586 Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 1 PLEKHA1 0.0012
5577 N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase purE 0.0012
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0012
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0012
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0012
3792 KHG/KDPG aldolase [Includes: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase eda 0.0012
2838 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A rpiA 0.0012
2952 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A rpiA 0.0012
5595 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A rpiA 0.0012
4695 UPF0124 protein yfiH yfiH 0.0012
5060 Intron-associated endonuclease 1 ITEVIR 0.0012
5593 Transferase Not Available 0.0012
5588 Cell division protein FtsY TM_0570 0.0012
5591 Complement component C8 gamma chain C8G 0.0012
5587 Iron(III)-binding periplasmic protein fbpA 0.0012
5583 RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase rtcA 0.0012
5582 Regulator of transcription; stringent starvation protein A sspA 0.0012
4238 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0012
5578 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0012
6173 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0012
6219 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0012
5592 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit beta nrdF 0.0012
5581 Beta-fructosidase bfrA 0.0012
5600 Pyruvate decarboxylase pdc 0.0012
4375 Glutamine synthetase 1 glnA1 0.0012
5575 Short tail fiber protein 12 0.0012
5580 Hexon protein PII 0.0012
5574 Invasin YPTB1668 0.0012
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0012
1467 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B TNFSF13B 0.0011
3132 Tryptophan synthase alpha chain trpA 0.0011
6568 Tryptophan synthase alpha chain trpA 0.0011
5006 RNASE4 protein RNASE4 0.0011
2555 Pol polyprotein pol 0.0011
3242 Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0011
3471 Pol polyprotein gag-pro-pol 0.0011
5256 Pol polyprotein pol 0.0011
6469 Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0011
6565 Pol polyprotein Not Available 0.0011
3085 Molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotide biosynthesis protein A mobA 0.0011
5328 Prostaglandin F synthase Tb11.02.2310 0.0011
4533 Glyoxalase family protein BC_1747 0.0011
3729 Citrate synthase gltA 0.0011
4575 Citrate synthase cit 0.0011
4580 Citrate synthase gltA 0.0011
5599 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase pcaB 0.0011
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0011
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0011
4366 Riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase TM_0857 0.001
4373 Medium-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase Not Available 0.001
2603 Beta-lactamase II blm 0.001
2521 Cell division protein ftsZ ftsZ 0.001
3301 Cell division protein ftsZ ftsZ 0.001
2149 Angiogenin ANG 0.001
3583 6-phosphogluconolactonase pgl 0.001
857 Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial MDH2 0.001
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0009
2942 Sialidase nanH 0.0009
3546 Sialidase nedA 0.0009
3486 Fumarate hydratase class II fumC 0.0009
1123 Eosinophil cationic protein RNASE3 0.0009
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0009
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0009
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0009
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0009
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0009
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0009
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0009
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0009
2869 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase dxr 0.0009
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0009
2697 Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 UCK2 0.0009
2805 Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1 HS3ST3A1 0.0009
2936 Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase nfnB 0.0009
5184 Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase nfnB 0.0009
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0009
5579 Carboxypeptidase B CPB1 0.0008
3478 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0008
4277 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0008
3384 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF 0.0008
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0006
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0006
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