DT-Web

DB01356 - Lithium


Identification
Name Lithium
Accession Number DB01356
Type small molecule
Description Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 6.941
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 7.016004049
Pharmacology
Indication Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment.
Mechanism of action The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Aminophylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
Azilsartan medoxomil Azilsartan medoxomil may increase lithium serum concentrations.
Benazepril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Bendroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, bendroflumethiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Benzthiazide The thiazide diuretic, benzthiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Caffeine Caffeine decreases serum levels of lithium
Candesartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Captopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Celecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Chlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, chlorothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Chlorthalidone The thiazide diuretic, chlorthalidone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Cilazapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Citric Acid The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
Cyclothiazide The thiazide diuretic, cyclothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Diclofenac The NSAID, diclofenac, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Diflunisal The NSAID, diflunisal, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Dyphylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
Enalapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Eplerenone Eplerenone increases serum levels of lithium
Eprosartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib increases serum levels of lithium
Fluoxetine The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases serum levels of lithium.
Fluvoxamine The SSRI, fluvoxamine, increases serum levels of lithium.
Forasartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Fosinopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Haloperidol Possible extrapyramidal effects and neurotoxicity with this combination
Hydrochlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Hydroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, hydroflumethiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Ibuprofen The NSAID, ibuprofen, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Indapamide The thiazide diuretic, indapamide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Indomethacin The NSAID, indomethacin, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Iodine Possible hypothyroidism with this combination
Irbesartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Ketoprofen The NSAID, ketoprofen, may increase the serum concentration of lithium by decreasing its renal clearance. Consider a dose reduction in lithium upon initiation of ketoprofen therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of lithium if ketoprofen is initiated, discontinued or does changed.
Ketorolac The NSAID, ketorolac, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Lisinopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Losartan Losartan increases serum levels of lithium
Lumiracoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Mefenamic acid The NSAID, mefenamic acid, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Meloxicam Meloxicam increases serum levels of lithium
Methyclothiazide The thiazide diuretic, methyclothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Methyldopa Methyldopa may increase the adverse effects of lithium without affecting lithium serum levels. Monitor for signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity during concomitant therapy.
Metolazone The thiazide diuretic, metolazone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Metronidazole Metronidazole increases the effect and toxicity of lithium
Moexipril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Naproxen The NSAID, naproxen, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Oxtriphylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
Perindopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Phenylbutazone The NSAID, phenylbutazone, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Piroxicam The NSAID, piroxicam, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Polythiazide The thiazide diuretic, polythiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Potassium The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
Quinapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Quinethazone The thiazide diuretic, quinethazone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
Ramipril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Rofecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Saprisartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Sibutramine Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
Sodium bicarbonate The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
Spirapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Sumatriptan Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
Tasosartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
Telmisartan Telmisartan may increase serum Lithium concentrations. Monitor serum Lithium levels during concomitant therapy to avoid Lithium toxicity.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may increase the serum concentration of Lithium. A dose adjustment of Lithium may be required. Monitor for changes in Lithium therapeutic and adverse effects if Tenoxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tetrabenazine Inhibit biochemical and behavioural effects of tetrabenazine. Heed caution when using agents in combination.
Theophylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may increase the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium by increasing Lithium serum concentrations. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium if Tiaprofenic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tobramycin Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
Tolmetin Tolmetin may increase the risk of Lithium toxicity by decreasing the renal elminiation of Lithium. A dose adjustment of Lithium may be required. Monitor for changes in Lithium therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolmetin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Topiramate Topiramate could modify lithium levels
Trandolapril Trandolapril may increase the serum concentration of Lithium increasing the risk of Lithium toxicity. Monitor for changes in Lithium serum concentrations, toxicity and efficacy if Trandolapril is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tranylcypromine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide may increase the serum concentration of Lithium by decreasing Lithium excretion. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium if Trichlorthiazide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Trimipramine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Valdecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
Valsartan Valsartan may increase serum lithium concentrations. Monitor serum lithium levels during concomitant therapy to avoid lithium toxicity.
Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Verapamil Signs of lithium toxicity
Zolmitriptan Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and lithium, increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
  • Avoid iodine supplements.
  • Do not change your salt intake from day to day without telling your doctor.
  • Take with food to reduce irritation. Drink plenty of liquids.
  • Avoid alcohol.

Targets


Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Name Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Gene Name GSK3B
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Borsotto M, Cavarec L, Bouillot M, Romey G, Macciardi F, Delaye A, Nasroune M, Bastucci M, Sambucy JL, Luan JJ, Charpagne A, Jouet V, Leger R, Lazdunski M, Cohen D, Chumakov I: PP2A-Bgamma subunit and KCNQ2 K+ channels in bipolar disorder. Pharmacogenomics J. 2007 Apr;7(2):123-32. Epub 2006 May 30. - Pubmed
  • Adli M, Hollinde DL, Stamm T, Wiethoff K, Tsahuridu M, Kirchheiner J, Heinz A, Bauer M: Response to Lithium Augmentation in Depression is Associated with the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Beta -50T/C Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jul 10;. - Pubmed
  • O'Brien WT, Klein PS: Validating GSK3 as an in vivo target of lithium action. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):1133-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.347
Inositol monophosphatase
Name Inositol monophosphatase
Gene Name IMPA1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Sarkar S, Rubinsztein DC: Inositol and IP3 levels regulate autophagy: biology and therapeutic speculations. Autophagy. 2006 Apr-Jun;2(2):132-4. Epub 2006 Apr 6. - Pubmed
  • Trinquet E, Fink M, Bazin H, Grillet F, Maurin F, Bourrier E, Ansanay H, Leroy C, Michaud A, Durroux T, Maurel D, Malhaire F, Goudet C, Pin JP, Naval M, Hernout O, Chretien F, Chapleur Y, Mathis G: D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate as a surrogate of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-tris phosphate to monitor G protein-coupled receptor activation. Anal Biochem. 2006 Nov 1;358(1):126-35. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
  • Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Seo KC, Im J, Sato Y, Iwayama Y, Furuichi T, Chung SK, Yoshikawa T: Spatial expression patterns and biochemical properties distinguish a second myo-inositol monophosphatase IMPA2 from IMPA1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 5;282(1):637-46. Epub 2006 Oct 26. - Pubmed
  • Tanizawa Y, Kuhara A, Inada H, Kodama E, Mizuno T, Mori I: Inositol monophosphatase regulates localization of synaptic components and behavior in the mature nervous system of C. elegans. Genes Dev. 2006 Dec 1;20(23):3296-310. - Pubmed
  • Ohnishi T, Yamada K, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Hattori E, Inada T, Kunugi H, Tatsumi M, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Sakamoto K, Iijima Y, Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Sugihara G, Nanko S, Osumi N, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Kato T, Yoshikawa T: A promoter haplotype of the inositol monophosphatase 2 gene (IMPA2) at 18p11.2 confers a possible risk for bipolar disorder by enhancing transcription. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Aug;32(8):1727-37. Epub 2007 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li Z, Stieglitz KA, Shrout AL, Wei Y, Weis RM, Stec B, Roberts MF: Mobile loop mutations in an archaeal inositol monophosphatase: modulating three-metal ion assisted catalysis and lithium inhibition. Protein Sci. 2010 Feb;19(2):309-18. doi: 10.1002/pro.315. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.4695
Inositol monophosphatase 2
Name Inositol monophosphatase 2
Gene Name IMPA2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Cryns K, Shamir A, Shapiro J, Daneels G, Goris I, Van Craenendonck H, Straetemans R, Belmaker RH, Agam G, Moechars D, Steckler T: Lack of lithium-like behavioral and molecular effects in IMPA2 knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Apr;32(4):881-91. Epub 2006 Jul 12. - Pubmed
  • Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Seo KC, Im J, Sato Y, Iwayama Y, Furuichi T, Chung SK, Yoshikawa T: Spatial expression patterns and biochemical properties distinguish a second myo-inositol monophosphatase IMPA2 from IMPA1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 5;282(1):637-46. Epub 2006 Oct 26. - Pubmed
  • Ohnishi T, Yamada K, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Hattori E, Inada T, Kunugi H, Tatsumi M, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Sakamoto K, Iijima Y, Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Sugihara G, Nanko S, Osumi N, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Kato T, Yoshikawa T: A promoter haplotype of the inositol monophosphatase 2 gene (IMPA2) at 18p11.2 confers a possible risk for bipolar disorder by enhancing transcription. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Aug;32(8):1727-37. Epub 2007 Jan 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8502
Glutamate receptor 3
Name Glutamate receptor 3
Gene Name GRIA3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions potentiator
References
  • Karkanias NB, Papke RL: Lithium modulates desensitization of the glutamate receptor subtype gluR3 in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci Lett. 1999 Dec 31;277(3):153-6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6763

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
2116 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT2 0.1438
476 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT1 0.0943
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0681
6545 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV CAMK4 0.0661
6264 cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha PKIA 0.0577
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0534
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0482
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.048
1742 D-HSCDK2 CDK2deltaT 0.0443
1771 Cell division control protein 2 homolog CDK1 0.0443
3321 Cell division control protein 2 homolog CRK2 0.0443
1058 Cell division protein kinase 5 CDK5 0.043
6321 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 CDK5R1 0.022
2240 Cell division protein kinase 2 CDK2 0.0139
2473 Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK CSK 0.0117
2398 Tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 ZAP70 0.0117
2450 Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK ITK 0.0102
2530 Protein kinase C theta type PRKCQ 0.0094
937 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK LCK 0.0087
2511 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 MAPKAPK2 0.0087
2408 Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK SYK 0.0082
2347 Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 PIM1 0.008
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0079
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0073
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0073
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0073
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0072
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0072
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0072
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0072
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0072
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0072
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0072
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0072
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0072
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0072
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0072
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0072
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0072
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0072
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0072
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0072
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0072
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0072
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0072
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0072
2404 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform PIK3CG 0.0071
2180 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 PDPK1 0.0068
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0062
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0062
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0062
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.006
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.006
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.006
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.006
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.006
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.006
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.006
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.006
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.006
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0058
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0058
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0058
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0058
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0058
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0058
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0057
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0057
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0054
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0053
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0053
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0053
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0053
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0053
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0052
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0052
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0051
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.005
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.005
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.005
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.005
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0049
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0049
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0049
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0048
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0047
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0047
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0047
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0046
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0045
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0045
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0044
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0044
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0042
5646 Galactokinase GALK1 0.0042
3390 Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase aphA 0.0042
6029 Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase aphA1 0.0042
5302 TrwB trwB 0.0042
5265 FtsH ftsH 0.0042
5312 Kinesin-like protein KIF1A KIF1A 0.0038
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0037
2892 Acetylglutamate kinase argB 0.0036
3550 Acetylglutamate kinase argB 0.0036
2371 Pantothenate kinase coaA 0.0036
2950 Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A ITPKA 0.0036
825 Arsenical pump-driving ATPase ASNA1 0.0036
3435 Arsenical pump-driving ATPase arsA 0.0036
2615 Chemotaxis protein cheA cheA 0.0036
1881 Hexokinase-1 HK1 0.0036
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0036
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0035
2727 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase metK 0.0034
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0034
2817 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 purT 0.0033
6832 Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK2 SRPK2 0.0033
5641 Rod shape-determining protein MreB TM_0588 0.0033
5645 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B parE 0.0033
6227 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B parE 0.0033
5644 Sensor protein phoQ phoQ 0.0033
5643 General secretion pathway protein E epsE 0.0033
4178 DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 RAD51 0.0033
5649 Potassium-transporting ATPase B chain kdpB 0.0033
3794 Osmolarity sensor protein envZ envZ 0.0033
5642 Chaperone clpB clpB 0.0033
2251 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0029
2254 Thymidylate kinase DTYMK 0.0029
3522 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0029
4751 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK12 0.0029
2867 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase ispE 0.0029
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0029
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0029
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0029
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0029
6433 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 PFKFB4 0.0029
2397 Dihydroxyacetone kinase dhaK 0.0029
2852 DNA mismatch repair protein mutL mutL 0.0029
3822 Actin, alpha skeletal muscle ACTA1 0.0028
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0028
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0027
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0027
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0027
2299 UDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligase murC 0.0027
4373 Medium-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase Not Available 0.0026
3231 Death-associated protein kinase 1 DAPK1 0.0026
887 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0024
4150 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0024
6225 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0024
936 Ephrin type-A receptor 2 EPHA2 0.0024
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0022
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0019
1836 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 MAPK10 0.0019
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0018
5304 UPF0166 protein TM_0021 TM_0021 0.0015
5314 UPF0079 ATP-binding protein HI0065 HI_0065 0.0015
5293 Shikimate kinase 2 aroL 0.0015
5288 Shikimate kinase aroK 0.0015
5259 Transcriptional regulator ntrC1 0.0015
6699 Transcriptional regulator Cgl2612 0.0015
5287 Signaling protein Not Available 0.0015
5266 Activator of hgdC 0.0015
3199 Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase coaD 0.0015
3543 Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase coaD 0.0015
3567 Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase coaD 0.0015
5289 Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase coaD 0.0015
5283 D-alanine--D-alanine ligase B ddlB 0.0015
5299 D-alanine--D-alanine ligase ddl 0.0015
6598 D-alanine--D-alanine ligase ddl 0.0015
5276 Chromosomal replication initiator protein dnaA dnaA 0.0015
5292 Putative partitioning protein TT_C1605 0.0015
5290 ATP-dependent hsl protease ATP-binding subunit hslU hslU 0.0015
5638 ATP-dependent hsl protease ATP-binding subunit hslU hslU 0.0015
5270 ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpX clpX 0.0015
5291 Glycogen synthase 1 glgA1 0.0015
2874 Nitrogenase iron protein 1 nifH1 0.0015
4346 Polynucleotide kinase pseT 0.0015
5264 DNA replication protein REP 0.0015
4794 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [ATP] pckA 0.0015
5281 Plasmid segregation protein parM parM 0.0015
5275 Multidrug resistance ABC transporter ATP-binding and permease protein lmrA 0.0015
5308 Preprotein translocase secA 1 subunit secA1 0.0015
5285 Kinesin heavy chain KIF5B 0.0015
5315 Chaperone protein htpG htpG 0.0015
5305 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ATPase subunit purK 0.0015
1549 Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 HSPA1A 0.0015
5284 Large T antigen Not Available 0.0015
3777 ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpA clpA 0.0015
5277 Preprotein translocase subunit secA secA 0.0015
4774 NTPase P4 Not Available 0.0013
3470 Hypothetical protein MG245 homolog MPN_348 0.0013
5295 2-keto-3-deoxy-gluconate kinase TT_P0036 0.0013
4837 Cag-alfa cag-alfa 0.0013
2751 Holliday junction ATP-dependent DNA helicase ruvB ruvB 0.0013
4755 Holliday junction ATP-dependent DNA helicase ruvB ruvB 0.0013
4106 Guanylate kinase GUK1 0.0013
4516 Guanylate kinase gmk 0.0013
2270 Dephospho-CoA kinase coaE 0.0013
2284 Adenylate kinase adk 0.0013
2296 Adenylate kinase adk 0.0013
2311 Adenylate kinase adk 0.0013
2312 Adenylate kinase Not Available 0.0013
4839 DNA polymerase III subunit tau dnaX 0.0013
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0013
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0013
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0013
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0013
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0013
3175 Glutamate--cysteine ligase gshA 0.0013
6277 Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein HSPA8 0.0013
5189 Trimethylamine dehydrogenase tmd 0.0013
4838 PMS1 protein homolog 2 PMS2 0.0013
2683 Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 C3 0.0012
2390 Nonsecretory ribonuclease RNASE2 0.0012
2922 Glycerol kinase glpK 0.0012
5271 Focal adhesion kinase 1 PTK2 0.0012
3669 Ribokinase rbsK 0.0011
5278 Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 PAPSS1 0.0011
6857 [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial PDK2 0.0011
4366 Riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase TM_0857 0.0011
5300 Antigen peptide transporter 1 TAP1 0.0011
340 Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 APAF1 0.0011
6390 Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 ATP2A1 0.001
408 Riboflavin kinase RFK 0.001
2282 Protein recA recA 0.001
2315 Protein recA recA 0.001
2332 Protein recA recA 0.001
5263 Protein recA recA 0.001
2334 Dethiobiotin synthetase bioD 0.001
6555 Dethiobiotin synthetase bioD 0.001
2697 Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 UCK2 0.001
137 FolC bifunctional protein [Includes: Folylpolyglutamate synthase folC 0.001
788 Creatine kinase M-type CKM 0.001
61 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.001
2644 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.001
2710 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.001
2317 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase murD 0.0009
6395 Myosin-14 MYH14 0.0009
2091 Endoplasmin HSP90B1 0.0009
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0009
48 Pyridoxal kinase PDXK 0.0009
1422 Serine/threonine-protein kinase 6 AURKA 0.0009
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.0009
3379 Kinesin-like protein KIF11 KIF11 0.0009
3456 Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta HSP90AB1 0.0009
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0008
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0008
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0008
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0008
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0008
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0008
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0008
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0008
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0008
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.0008
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0007
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0007
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0007
1939 Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha HSP90AA1 0.0007
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0006
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