DT-Web

DB01346 - Quinidine barbiturate


Identification
Name Quinidine barbiturate
Accession Number DB01346
Type small molecule
Description The administration of quinidine derivatives helps to observe various skin and mucosal reactions. A papulopurpuric eruption in a patient (without thrombopenia) can be developed who is taking quinidine phenylethyl barbiturate intermittently and at reintroduction.(PMID: 9739909)
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 556.652
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 556.268570282
Pharmacology
Indication Not Available
Mechanism of action Barbiturates work by binding to the GABAA receptor at either the alpha or the beta sub unit. These are binding sites that are distinct from GABA itself and also distinct from the benzodiazepine binding site. Like benzodiazepines, barbiturates potentiate the effect of GABA at this receptor. This GABAA receptor binding decreases input resistance, depresses burst and tonic firing, especially in ventrobasal and intralaminar neurons, while at the same time increasing burst duration and mean conductance at individual chloride channels; this increases both the amplitude and decay time of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition to this GABA-ergic effect, barbiturates also block the AMPA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor. Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Amiloride Decreases the antiarrhythmic effect of quinidine
Aminophylline The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of aminophylline.
Amiodarone Increases the effect of qiunidine
Amitriptyline Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline.
Aripiprazole Quinidine increases the effect and toxicity of aripiprazole
Atazanavir Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Atomoxetine The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increase the effect and toxicity of atomoxetine
Betamethasone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, betamethasone.
Cimetidine Increases the effect of quinidine
Cisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Clarithromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Clomipramine Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine.
Codeine Quinidine decreases the analgesic effect of codeine
Cyclosporine The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, increases the effect of cyclosporine.
Desipramine Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of tricyclic antidepressant, desipramine.
Dexamethasone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Dextromethorphan Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphan
Digoxin Quinine/quinidine increases the effect of digoxin
Diltiazem Increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Doxepin Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin.
Doxycycline The anticonvulsant, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Erythromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Felodipine The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of felodipine.
Fludrocortisone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, fludrocortisone.
Folic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant, quinidine barbiturate.
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Gatifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Gefitinib The CYP3A4 inducer, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the serum concentration and therapeutic effects of gefitinib.
Grepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Griseofulvin The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of griseofulvin.
Hydrocortisone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, hydrocortisone.
Imipramine Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine.
Itraconazole Itraconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of quinidine barbiturate.
Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of quinidine barbiturate.
Levofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Levonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrel
Magnesium The antiacid decreases the absorption of quinidine
Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Methadone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of methadone.
Metronidazole The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
Moxifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Nelfinavir Nelfinavir increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
Nifedipine Decreased quinidine effect, increased nifedipine effect
Nortriptyline Quinidine barbiturate increases the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline.
Ofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Oxtriphylline The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of oxtriphylline.
Prednisolone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisolone.
Prednisone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisone.
Procainamide Quinidine increases the effect of procainamide
Propafenone Quinidine increases the effect of propafenone
Quinidine The anticonvulsant, quinidine. barbiturate, decreases the effect of quinidine.
Quinupristin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity
Rifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of quinidine
Telithromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Theophylline The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of theophylline.
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Triamcinolone The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Gene Name GABRA1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
  • Stobbs SH, Ohran AJ, Lassen MB, Allison DW, Brown JE, Steffensen SC: Ethanol suppression of ventral tegmental area GABA neuron electrical transmission involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Oct;311(1):282-9. Epub 2004 May 28. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3702
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Gene Name GABRA2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
  • Stobbs SH, Ohran AJ, Lassen MB, Allison DW, Brown JE, Steffensen SC: Ethanol suppression of ventral tegmental area GABA neuron electrical transmission involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Oct;311(1):282-9. Epub 2004 May 28. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2728
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
Name Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
Gene Name SCN5A
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Stokoe KS, Thomas G, Goddard CA, Colledge WH, Grace AA, Huang CL: Effects of flecainide and quinidine on arrhythmogenic properties of Scn5a+/Delta murine hearts modelling long QT syndrome 3. J Physiol. 2007 Jan 1;578(Pt 1):69-84. Epub 2006 Oct 5. - Pubmed
  • Itoh H, Shimizu M, Takata S, Mabuchi H, Imoto K: A novel missense mutation in the SCN5A gene associated with Brugada syndrome bidirectionally affecting blocking actions of antiarrhythmic drugs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005 May;16(5):486-93. - Pubmed
  • Grant AO: Electrophysiological basis and genetics of Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005 Sep;16 Suppl 1:S3-7. - Pubmed
  • Napolitano C, Priori SG: Brugada syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Sep 14;1:35. - Pubmed
  • Ohgo T, Okamura H, Noda T, Satomi K, Suyama K, Kurita T, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Ohe T, Shimizu W: Acute and chronic management in patients with Brugada syndrome associated with electrical storm of ventricular fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2007 Jun;4(6):695-700. Epub 2007 Feb 20. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
  • Sheets MF, Fozzard HA, Lipkind GM, Hanck DA: Sodium channel molecular conformations and antiarrhythmic drug affinity. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2010 Jan;20(1):16-21. - Pubmed
  • Tella SR, Goldberg SR: Monoamine transporter and sodium channel mechanisms in the rapid pressor response to cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Feb;59(2):305-12. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5185
Potassium channel subfamily K member 1
Name Potassium channel subfamily K member 1
Gene Name KCNK1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Lesage F, Guillemare E, Fink M, Duprat F, Lazdunski M, Romey G, Barhanin J: TWIK-1, a ubiquitous human weakly inward rectifying K+ channel with a novel structure. EMBO J. 1996 Mar 1;15(5):1004-11. - Pubmed
  • Fink M, Duprat F, Lesage F, Reyes R, Romey G, Heurteaux C, Lazdunski M: Cloning, functional expression and brain localization of a novel unconventional outward rectifier K+ channel. EMBO J. 1996 Dec 16;15(24):6854-62. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2305
Glutamate receptor 2
Name Glutamate receptor 2
Gene Name GRIA2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
  • Stobbs SH, Ohran AJ, Lassen MB, Allison DW, Brown JE, Steffensen SC: Ethanol suppression of ventral tegmental area GABA neuron electrical transmission involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Oct;311(1):282-9. Epub 2004 May 28. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9287

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.1989
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.1965
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.1608
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.1601
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.1464
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.1278
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.1278
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0838
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0775
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.074
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0675
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0671
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.065
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0617
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0615
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0595
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.059
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0587
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0586
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0585
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.057
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0569
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0568
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0567
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0553
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0509
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.046
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0456
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0443
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0412
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0395
811 Translocator protein TSPO 0.0381
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0366
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0346
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0346
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0346
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0338
750 Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit CACNG1 0.0325
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0312
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.031
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0277
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0273
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0273
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0266
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0219
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0207
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0206
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0201
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0182
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0173
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0172
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0166
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0166
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0166
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0159
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0157
240 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor, subunit 1 GABBR1 0.0151
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0148
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0143
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.014
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0138
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0133
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.0132
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0124
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0117
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0116
158 Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha SCN1A 0.0112
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0106
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0105
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0103
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0092
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0092
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.009
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.009
3937 Fatty-acid amide hydrolase FAAH 0.0085
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0082
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0081
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0072
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0069
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0069
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0068
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0067
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0066
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0066
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0065
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0063
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0061
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0058
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0058
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0055
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0052
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0051
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.005
1680 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 SLC2A1 0.0049
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0047
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0046
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0045
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0045
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.0043
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0042
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0042
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0042
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0035
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0034
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0034
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0033
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0032
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0031
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0031
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0031
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.003
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.003
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0029
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0029
276 Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 SLC6A1 0.0028
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0028
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0027
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0027
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0026
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0025
6134 Sodium channel subunit beta-3 SCN3B 0.0024
6132 Sodium channel subunit beta-1 SCN1B 0.0024
6135 Sodium channel subunit beta-4 SCN4B 0.0024
6127 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein CA8 0.0024
6133 Sodium channel subunit beta-2 SCN2B 0.0024
6128 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 CA10 0.0024
6129 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 CA11 0.0024
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0022
3803 Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha SCN3A 0.0021
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0021
6130 Carbonic anhydrase 13 CA13 0.002
6124 Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial CA5B 0.002
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.002
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0019
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.0019
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0018
6122 Carbonic anhydrase 3 CA3 0.0018
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0017
6123 Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial CA5A 0.0017
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0017
3007 Carbonic anhydrase 12 CA12 0.0017
4205 Carbonic anhydrase 9 CA9 0.0017
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0016
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0016
6126 Carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 0.0016
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0016
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0015
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0015
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0015
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0015
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0014
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0014
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0014
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0014
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0014
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0014
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0014
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0013
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0013
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0012
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0012
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0011
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0011
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0011
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0011
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0011
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0011
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.001
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0009
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0009
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0008
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0008
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0008
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0008
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0008
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0008
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0008
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0008
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0008
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0008
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0008
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0008
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0008
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0008
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0008
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0008
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0008
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0008
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0008
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0008
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0008
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0008
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0008
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0008
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0008
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0007
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0007
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0007
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0007
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0007
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0007
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0007
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0007
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0007
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0007
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0007
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0007
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0007
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0007
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0007
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0007
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0007
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0007
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0007
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0007
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0007
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0007
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0007
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0007
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0007
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0007
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0006
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0006
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0006
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0006
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0006
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0006
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0006
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0006
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0006
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0006
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0006
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0006
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0006
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0005
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0004
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