DT-Web

DB00960 - Pindolol


Identification
Name Pindolol
Accession Number DB00960 (APRD00678)
Type small molecule
Description A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 248.3208
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 248.152477894
Pharmacology
Indication For the management of hypertension, edema, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation.
Mechanism of action Pindolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Pindolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.
Absorption Rapidly and reproducibly absorbed (bioavailability greater than 95%).
Protein binding 40%
Biotransformation Hepatic. In man, 35% to 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 60% to 65% is metabolized primarily to hydroxy-metabolites which are excreted as glucuronides and ethereal sulfates.
Route of elimination Pindolol undergoes extensive metabolism in animals and man. In man, 35% to 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 60% to 65% is metabolized primarily to hydroxy-metabolites which are excreted as glucuronides and ethereal sulfates. About 6% to 9% of an administered intravenous dose is excreted by the bile into the feces.
Toxicity LD50=263 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include excessive bradycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension, and bronchospasm.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Acetohexamide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Aminophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Chlorpromazine Increased effect of both drugs
Chlorpropamide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Clonidine Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
Dihydroergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Dihydroergotoxine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Diltiazem Increased risk of bradycardia
Disopyramide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may increase the toxicity of disopyramide.
Dyphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Epinephrine Hypertension, then bradycardia
Ergonovine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Ergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Fenoterol Antagonism
Formoterol Antagonism
Gliclazide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glipizide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glisoxepide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glyburide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glycodiazine The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Ibuprofen Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Indomethacin Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Insulin Glargine The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Isoproterenol Antagonism
Lidocaine The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocaine
Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Methyldopa Possible hypertensive crisis
Methysergide Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Orciprenaline Antagonism
Oxtriphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Pipobroman Antagonism
Pirbuterol Antagonism
Piroxicam Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Prazosin Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy
Procaterol Antagonism
Repaglinide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Salbutamol Antagonism
Salmeterol Antagonism
Terazosin Increased risk of hypotension. Initiate concomitant therapy cautiously.
Terbutaline Antagonism
Theophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Tolazamide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Tolbutamide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
Verapamil Increased effect of both drugs
Food Interactions
  • Magnesium, potassium and zinc needs increased.
  • Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.

Targets


Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Name Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Gene Name ADRB1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions partial agonist
References
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
  • Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Molenaar P, Grace AA, Colledge WH, Kaumann AJ: Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of (-)-pindolol mediated through a (-)-propranolol-resistant site of the beta1-adrenoceptor in human atrium and recombinant receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;368(6):496-503. Epub 2003 Nov 8. - Pubmed
  • Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. - Pubmed
  • Berendsen HH, Broekkamp CL, Van Delft AM: Antagonism of 8-OH-DPAT-induced behaviour in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Oct 2;187(1):97-103. - Pubmed
  • Watkins DJ, Lawrence AJ, Lewis SJ, Jarrott B: Loss of [125I]-pindolol binding to beta-adrenoceptors on rat nodose ganglion after chronic isoprenaline treatment. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1996 Aug 27;60(1-2):12-6. - Pubmed
  • Brodde OE, Michel MC, Wang XL, Zerkowski HR: Chronic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment modulates human cardiac and vascular beta-adrenoceptor density in a subtype-selective fashion. J Hypertens Suppl. 1988 Dec;6(4):S497-500. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7475
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Name Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Gene Name ADRB2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions partial agonist
References
  • Rubenstein LA, Zauhar RJ, Lanzara RG: Molecular dynamics of a biophysical model for beta2-adrenergic and G protein-coupled receptor activation. J Mol Graph Model. 2006 Dec;25(4):396-409. Epub 2006 Mar 30. - Pubmed
  • Dejgaard A, Liggett SB, Christensen NJ, Cryer PE, Hilsted J: Adrenergic receptors are a fallible index of adrenergic denervation hypersensitivity. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991 Dec;51(8):659-66. - Pubmed
  • Wheeldon NM, Newnham DM, Fraser GC, McDevitt DG, Lipworth BJ: The effect of pindolol on creatine kinase is not due to beta 2-adrenoceptor partial agonist activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Jun;31(6):723-4. - Pubmed
  • Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. - Pubmed
  • Doggrell SA: Relaxant and beta 2-adrenoceptor blocking activities of (+/- )-, (+)- and (-)-pindolol on the rat isolated aorta. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1990 Jun;42(6):444-6. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.754
5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
Gene Name HTR1A
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Smeraldi E, Benedetti F, Barbini B, Campori E, Colombo C: Sustained antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation combined with pindolol in bipolar depression. A placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Apr;20(4):380-5. - Pubmed
  • Haddjeri N, de Montigny C, Blier P: Modulation of the firing activity of rat serotonin and noradrenaline neurons by (+/-)pindolol. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 May 1;45(9):1163-9. - Pubmed
  • Gobert A, Millan MJ: Modulation of dialysate levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin (5-HT) in the frontal cortex of freely-moving rats by (-)-pindolol alone and in association with 5-HT reuptake inhibitors: comparative roles of beta-adrenergic, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Aug;21(2):268-84. - Pubmed
  • Andree B, Thorberg SO, Halldin C, Farde L: Pindolol binding to 5-HT1A receptors in the human brain confirmed with positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Jun;144(3):303-5. - Pubmed
  • Fornal CA, Martin FJ, Metzler CW, Jacobs BL: Pindolol suppresses serotonergic neuronal activity and does not block the inhibition of serotonergic neurons produced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin in awake cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):229-38. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3126
5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor
Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor
Gene Name HTR1B
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions other/unknown
References
  • Dawson LA, Nguyen HQ: The role of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors on the modulation of acute fluoxetine-induced changes in extracellular 5-HT: the mechanism of action of (+/-)pindolol. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Apr 3;39(6):1044-52. - Pubmed
  • Ariani K, Hamblin MW, Tan GL, Stratford CA, Ciaranello RD: G protein dependent alterations in [125I]iodocyanopindolol and +/- cyanopindolol binding at 5-HT1B binding sites in rat brain membranes. Neurochem Res. 1989 Sep;14(9):835-43. - Pubmed
  • Leonhardt S, Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M: Detection of a novel serotonin receptor subtype (5-HT1E) in human brain: interaction with a GTP-binding protein. J Neurochem. 1989 Aug;53(2):465-71. - Pubmed
  • Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M, Leonhardt S, Struble R, Price D: Serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in human prefrontal cortex and caudate: interaction with a GTP binding protein. J Neurochem. 1988 Dec;51(6):1906-12. - Pubmed
  • Terron JA, Lopez-Munoz FJ, Hong E, Villalon CM: 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-quinoline (D-1997): a novel agonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine1-like receptors in the canine basilar artery. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1994 Jan-Feb;327(1):56-68. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2299

Enzymes


Cytochrome P450 2D6
Name Cytochrome P450 2D6
Gene Name CYP2D6
Actions substrate,inhibitor,inducer
References
  • Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3844

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.1739
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.1598
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.1382
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.1251
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.1169
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.116
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.1116
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.1061
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0935
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.086
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0854
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0806
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0729
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0718
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0708
511 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor HTR1F 0.0703
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0659
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0657
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0651
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0624
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.06
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0583
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0523
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0512
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0489
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0489
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0486
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0479
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0475
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0473
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0418
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0414
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0405
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0388
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0353
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.034
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0335
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0331
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0313
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0286
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.028
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0253
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0253
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0253
1256 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor HTR6 0.0252
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0251
94 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor HTR4 0.0241
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.0233
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0232
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0218
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0214
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0213
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0211
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0206
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0174
1820 Beta-nerve growth factor NGF 0.0166
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0166
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.016
4146 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma PIK3R3 0.0151
4145 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta PIK3R2 0.0151
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0149
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0149
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0144
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.014
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0135
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0134
1281 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha PIK3R1 0.0125
4292 Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]--UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase lpxA 0.0124
3076 Antigen 85-C fbpC 0.0122
777 Tumor necrosis factor TNF 0.0121
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.012
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0117
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0116
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0112
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.011
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0102
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0102
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0101
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0095
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0094
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0094
6847 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase LCT 0.0093
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0093
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0091
1176 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK1 0.0083
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0076
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0075
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.007
1374 Natriuretic peptides B NPPB 0.0068
1827 Gap junction alpha-1 protein GJA1 0.0067
1908 Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 VCAM1 0.0067
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0066
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0061
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.006
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0058
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0057
194 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 NDUFC2 0.0056
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0053
731 HIV-1 protease HIV-1 protease 0.0052
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.005
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.005
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0048
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0047
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0046
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0045
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0045
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0045
2112 Toll-like receptor 9 TLR9 0.0044
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0043
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.0043
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0043
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0041
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.004
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.004
6432 Transporter snf 0.004
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.0039
360 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit RRM1 0.0039
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0036
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0035
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0034
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0034
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0034
6506 Stathmin-4 STMN4 0.0033
6182 Cytochrome P450 2J2 CYP2J2 0.0033
173 Toll-like receptor 7 TLR7 0.0033
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0033
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0033
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0032
1636 Trace amine-associated receptor 1 TAAR1 0.0031
4199 Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor Edg-8 S1PR5 0.0031
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.003
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.003
620 Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Not Available 0.003
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0028
565 Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CASR 0.0028
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0028
233 Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 KCNK2 0.0028
5251 Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 CBR1 0.0027
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0027
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0027
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0026
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0025
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0025
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0025
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0025
891 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0025
5359 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0025
7175 Dihydropteroate synthase sulI 0.0025
161 Tubulin beta chain TUBB 0.0024
312 Tubulin beta chain TUB2 0.0024
750 Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit CACNG1 0.0024
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0024
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0024
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0024
385 Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 ATP4A 0.0022
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0022
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0021
63 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0021
2329 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0021
3445 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0021
4420 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0021
4438 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0021
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.002
158 Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha SCN1A 0.002
174 Sigma 1-type opioid receptor SIGMAR1 0.002
6100 BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor NTRK2 0.002
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.002
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.002
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.002
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.002
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.002
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.002
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.002
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.002
1618 High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NTRK1 0.002
4203 Histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT 0.0019
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0019
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0019
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0019
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0019
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0019
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0018
893 [Citrate [pro-3S]-lyase] ligase citC 0.0018
845 Pyruvate dehydrogenase [cytochrome] poxB 0.0018
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0018
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0018
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0018
327 Glutathione reductase gor 0.0018
5110 Glutathione reductase GR2 0.0018
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0018
748 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 PRKAA1 0.0018
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0017
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0017
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0017
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.0016
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0016
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0016
4228 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7 KRT7 0.0016
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0016
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0016
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0016
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0016
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0016
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0016
1629 Transcription factor AP-1 JUN 0.0016
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0016
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0016
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0016
982 Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein CARTPT 0.0015
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0015
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0015
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0015
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0015
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.0014
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0014
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0014
3086 Plasmepsin-2 Not Available 0.0014
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0014
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0014
4148 Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR MTOR 0.0014
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0014
208 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta' chain rpoC 0.0014
5774 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta' chain rpoC 0.0014
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0013
698 B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF 0.0013
3404 Exotoxin A eta 0.0013
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0013
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.0013
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0013
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0013
860 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase NNMT 0.0013
699 Nicotinic acid receptor 1 GPR109A 0.0013
928 Nicotinic acid receptor 2 GPR109B 0.0013
583 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] QPRT 0.0013
2442 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0013
2459 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0013
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0012
1010 Cytochrome P450 51A1 CYP51A1 0.0012
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0012
3856 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 FGFR3 0.0012
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0012
5766 NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5 SIRT5 0.0012
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0012
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0012
473 L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain LDHA 0.0011
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0011
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.0011
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0011
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0011
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0011
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0011
2290 ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 BST1 0.001
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.001
407 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 KDR 0.001
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.001
4311 tRNA TRDMT1 0.001
4325 tRNA trmD 0.001
4328 tRNA trmD 0.001
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.001
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.001
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.001
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.001
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.001
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.001
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.001
144 Hemoglobin subunit alpha HBA1 0.001
518 Peroxidase/catalase T katG 0.001
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0009
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0009
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0009
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0009
3126 Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 PARP1 0.0009
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0009
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0009
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0009
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0009
26 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 FLT4 0.0009
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0009
741 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 KCNQ1 0.0009
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0009
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.0009
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0009
32 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 FLT1 0.0009
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.0009
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.0009
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0009
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.0009
1262 Corticotropin-lipotropin POMC 0.0008
1341 Histamine H3 receptor HRH3 0.0008
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0008
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.0008
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0008
778 Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CYSLTR1 0.0008
522 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 PSMD2 0.0008
515 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 PSMD1 0.0008
1457 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 ACSL4 0.0008
165 FL cytokine receptor FLT3 0.0008
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.0008
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0008
6126 Carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 0.0008
6212 Tubulin gamma-1 chain TUBG1 0.0008
6210 Tubulin delta chain TUBD1 0.0008
6211 Tubulin epsilon chain TUBE1 0.0008
2180 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 PDPK1 0.0008
4177 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ret RET 0.0008
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0008
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0008
70 Type-1 angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 0.0008
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0008
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0008
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0007
606 Cytochrome P450 27, mitochondrial CYP27A1 0.0007
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.0007
3854 Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGFR1 0.0007
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.0007
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0007
581 Cytochrome P450 2R1 CYP2R1 0.0007
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0007
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0007
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0007
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.0007
6038 Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma PDE6H 0.0007
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0007
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0007
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0007
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0007
1992 Vitamin D-binding protein GC 0.0007
319 Opioid receptor, sigma 1 OPRS1 0.0007
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0007
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0007
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0007
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0007
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0007
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0007
6037 Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma PDE6G 0.0007
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0006
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0006
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.0006
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0006
4103 Proteasome subunit beta type 2 PSMB2 0.0006
4102 Proteasome subunit beta type 5 PSMB5 0.0006
4101 Proteasome subunit beta type 1 PSMB1 0.0006
1630 Integrin beta-2 ITGB2 0.0006
2450 Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK ITK 0.0006
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0006
2216 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 FGFR4 0.0006
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0006
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0006
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0006
814 Ryanodine receptor 1 RYR1 0.0006
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0006
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0006
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0006
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0006
2449 Tubulin alpha-3 chain TUBA1A 0.0006
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0006
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0006
6048 Troponin C, skeletal muscle TNNC2 0.0005
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0005
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0005
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0005
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0005
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0005
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0005
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0005
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0005
268 Adenosine A2b receptor ADORA2B 0.0005
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0005
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0005
6044 Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 PON3 0.0005
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0005
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.0005
856 Vitamin D3 receptor VDR 0.0005
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0005
572 Integrin alpha-L ITGAL 0.0005
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0005
3868 Calcineurin subunit B isoform 2 PPP3R2 0.0005
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0005
421 Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand CAMLG 0.0005
1864 RET proto-oncogene RET 0.0005
1950 Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 DDR1 0.0005
6094 BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9 BCR/ABL fusion 0.0005
6170 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 ABCA3 0.0005
6824 Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn LYN 0.0005
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.0004
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.0004
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0004
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0004
760 Fibroblast growth factor 1 FGF1 0.0004
6931 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 KCNMB1 0.0004
6933 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 KCNMB4 0.0004
6932 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 KCNMB3 0.0004
6934 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 KCNN1 0.0004
6935 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 KCNN2 0.0004
6936 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 KCNN3 0.0004
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0004
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0004
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0004
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0004
5787 Angiopoietin-1 receptor TEK 0.0004
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0004
823 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 FGFR2 0.0004
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0004
5934 Cytochrome P450 26A1 CYP26A1 0.0004
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0004
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0004
6172 ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 8, mitochondrial ABCB8 0.0004
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0004
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0004
3937 Fatty-acid amide hydrolase FAAH 0.0004
5463 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta 2 KCNMB2 0.0004
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0004
40 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase RAF1 0.0004
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0004
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0004
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0004
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.0004
84 Nuclear receptor 0B1 NR0B1 0.0004
337 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial NDUFS7 0.0004
214 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial NDUFS3 0.0004
803 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial NDUFS2 0.0004
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0004
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0003
937 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK LCK 0.0003
6861 Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] AKR1A1 0.0003
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0003
469 Annexin A1 ANXA1 0.0003
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0003
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0003
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0003
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0003
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0003
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0003
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.0003
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0003
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.0003
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0003
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0003
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0003
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0003
933 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src SRC 0.0003
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0003
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0003
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0002
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0002
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0002
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0002
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0002
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