Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name | Netilmicin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accession Number | DB00955 (APRD00232) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | small molecule | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Netilmicin is a semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of sisomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. [PubChem] Netilmicin inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with mRNA binding and the acceptor tRNA site. The bactericidal effect of netilmiicin is not fully understood. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure |
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Molecular Weight | 475.5795 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Groups | approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monoisotopic Weight | 475.300598691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pharmacology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indication | For the treatment of bacteremia, septicaemia, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infection, burns, wounds, and peri-operative infections caused by susceptible strains. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mechanism of action | Aminoglycosides like netilmicin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically netilmicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Absorption | Rapidly and completely absorbed after IM administration, peak serum levels were achieved within 30-60 minutes. Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed orally. Topical absorption is also poor unless severe skin damage is present. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein binding | Protein-binding of is low and depends on the test conditions (mainly the concentration of cations in the test medium). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biotransformation | No evidence of metabolic transformation, typically 80% is recoverable in the urine within 24 hours | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Route of elimination | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Toxicity | Netilmicin has nephrotoxic and ototoxic potential. Nephrotoxicity occurs via drug accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells resulting in cellular damage. Tubular cells may regenerate despite continued exposure and nephrotoxicity is usually mild and reversible. Netilmicin is less nephrotoxic than neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, likely due to a reduced number of cationic amino groups in its structure. Otoxicity occurs as a result of irreversible damage to hair cells of the cochlea and/or summit of the ampullar cristae in the vestibular complex caused drug accumulation in the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear. Otoxicity appears to be correlated to total exposure and may be cumulative with further doses of aminoglycosides or other ototoxic drugs (e.g. cisplatin, furosemide). High frequency hearing loss is followed by low frequency hearing loss, which may be followed by retrograde degeneration of the auditory nerve. Vestibular toxicity may cause vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Affected organisms |
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Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drug Interactions |
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Food Interactions | Not Available |
30S ribosomal protein S12 | |
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Name | 30S ribosomal protein S12 |
Gene Name | rpsL |
Pharmacological action | yes |
Actions | inhibitor |
References | |
DTHybrid score | 1.0615 |
16S rRNA | |
Name | 16S rRNA |
Gene Name | Not Available |
Pharmacological action | yes |
Actions | inhibitor |
References |
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DTHybrid score | Not Available |
Id | Partner name | Gene Name | Score |
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6704 | 30S ribosomal protein S12 | rpsL | 1.0615 |
4388 | Aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase | aac | 0.1234 |
1162 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 | CXCR4 | 0.0691 |
1244 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 | LRP2 | 0.0525 |
6028 | Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase | knt | 0.0448 |
3390 | Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase | aphA | 0.0448 |
6029 | Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase | aphA1 | 0.0448 |
4240 | Protein disulfide-isomerase | P4HB | 0.0444 |
1729 | Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | SLC22A6 | 0.044 |
4565 | Aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase | aac(6')-Iy | 0.0363 |
6208 | 30S ribosomal protein S13 | rpsM | 0.0281 |
6706 | 30S ribosomal protein S13 | rpsM | 0.0281 |
6209 | 30S ribosomal protein S19 | rpsS | 0.0245 |
6712 | 30S ribosomal protein S19 | rpsS | 0.0245 |
6726 | 30S ribosomal protein S19 | rpsS | 0.0245 |
6207 | 30S ribosomal protein S14 | rpsN | 0.0245 |
140 | 30S ribosomal protein S9 | rpsI | 0.0185 |
6719 | 30S ribosomal protein S9 | rpsI | 0.0185 |
6725 | 30S ribosomal protein S9 | rpsI | 0.0185 |