DT-Web

DB01351 - Amobarbital


Identification
Name Amobarbital
Accession Number DB01351
Type small molecule
Description A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 226.2722
Groups illicit
Monoisotopic Weight 226.131742452
Pharmacology
Indication Not Available
Mechanism of action Amobarbital (like all barbiturates) works by binding to the GABAA receptor at either the alpha or the beta sub unit. These are binding sites that are distinct from GABA itself and also distinct from the benzodiazepine binding site. Like benzodiazepines, barbiturates potentiate the effect of GABA at this receptor. This GABAA receptor binding decreases input resistance, depresses burst and tonic firing, especially in ventrobasal and intralaminar neurons, while at the same time increasing burst duration and mean conductance at individual chloride channels; this increases both the amplitude and decay time of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition to this GABA-ergic effect, barbiturates also block the AMPA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor. Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. Amobarbital also appears to bind neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Aminophylline The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.
Betamethasone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, betamethasone.
Clomifene The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, clomifene.
Conjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, conjugated estrogens.
Cyclosporine The barbiturate, amobarbital, increases the effect of cyclosporine.
Dexamethasone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Diethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, diethylstilbestrol.
Doxycycline The anticonvulsant, amobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Eltrombopag Affects hepatic CYP1A2 metabolism, will decrease effect/level of eltrombopag. Affects hepatic CYP2C9/10 metabolism, will decrease effect/level of eltrombopag.
Estradiol The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estradiol.
Ethinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Felodipine The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of felodipine.
Fludrocortisone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, fludrocortisone.
Folic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant, amobarbital.
Gefitinib The CYP3A4 inducer, amobarbital, may decrease the serum concentration and therapeutic effects of gefitinib.
Griseofulvin The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of griseofulvin.
Hydrocortisone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, hydrocortisone.
Levonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrel
Medroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, medroxyprogesterone.
Megestrol The enzyme inducer, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, megestrol.
Methadone The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of methadone.
Metronidazole The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
Nifedipine The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine.
Norethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Oxtriphylline The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of oxtriphylline.
Prednisolone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisolone.
Prednisone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisone.
Quinidine The anticonvulsant, amobarbital, decreases the effect of quinidine.
Theophylline The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of theophylline.
Triamcinolone The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.
Trimipramine The barbiturate, Amobarbital, may increase the metabolism and clearance of Trimipramine. Monitor for changes in the therapeutics and adverse effects of Trimipramine if Amobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Dose adjustments of Trimipramine may be required.
Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Amobarbital, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
Verapamil Amobarbital, a CYP3A4 inducer, may increase the serum concentration of Verapamil, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Verapamil if Amobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Voriconazole Amobarbital may reduce serum concentrations and efficacy of voriconazole. Concomitant voriconazole and long-acting barbiturates therapy is contraindicated.
Warfarin Amobarbital may decrease the serum concentration of warfarin by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if amobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Gene Name GABRA1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8443
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Gene Name GABRA2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7884
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3
Gene Name GABRA3
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7764
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4
Gene Name GABRA4
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7388
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5
Gene Name GABRA5
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7865
Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6
Name Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6
Gene Name GABRA6
Pharmacological action yes
Actions potentiator
References
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. - Pubmed
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.739
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
Name Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
Gene Name CHRNA4
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6935
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7
Name Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7
Gene Name CHRNA7
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6936
Glutamate receptor 2
Name Glutamate receptor 2
Gene Name GRIA2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.3081
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2
Name Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2
Gene Name GRIK2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. - Pubmed
  • Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.838

Enzymes


Cytochrome P450 2A6
Name Cytochrome P450 2A6
Gene Name CYP2A6
Actions inducer
References
  • Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2736

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.2049
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.1898
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.1834
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.1821
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.1786
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.17
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.169
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.1689
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.1687
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.1685
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.1685
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.1682
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.168
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.1647
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.1462
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.146
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.1238
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.115
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.1112
811 Translocator protein TSPO 0.1046
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.097
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0646
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0599
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0575
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0518
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0514
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0505
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0504
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.041
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0397
3937 Fatty-acid amide hydrolase FAAH 0.0386
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0239
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.022
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0215
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0195
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0187
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0187
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0186
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0186
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0185
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0182
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0181
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.0178
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0168
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0167
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0162
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0162
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0161
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0161
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.016
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0159
240 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor, subunit 1 GABBR1 0.0151
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.015
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.015
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0142
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0141
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0141
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0141
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0139
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0136
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.013
158 Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha SCN1A 0.013
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0124
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0123
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0122
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0119
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0118
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0117
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0113
276 Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 SLC6A1 0.0104
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0099
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0099
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0097
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0096
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0095
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0092
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0085
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0077
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0076
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0074
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0074
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0073
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0069
2230 Catalase CAT 0.0065
3249 Catalase katA 0.0065
3625 Catalase katA 0.0065
4539 Catalase katA 0.0065
4941 Catalase katB 0.0065
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0065
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0065
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0065
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0063
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.0063
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0063
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0062
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.006
4238 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0059
5578 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0059
6173 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0059
6219 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0059
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0058
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0056
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0056
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0056
4237 50S ribosomal protein L22 rplV 0.0054
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0051
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0051
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0051
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0051
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.005
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.005
1680 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 SLC2A1 0.0049
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0049
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0048
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0048
982 Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein CARTPT 0.0047
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0047
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0046
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0046
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0046
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0045
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0045
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0045
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0045
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0044
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0044
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0042
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0041
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0041
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.0041
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0039
891 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0039
5359 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0039
7175 Dihydropteroate synthase sulI 0.0039
4164 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 KCNQ5 0.0038
4163 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 KCNQ4 0.0038
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0038
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0038
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0037
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0037
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0037
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0036
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0036
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0036
1636 Trace amine-associated receptor 1 TAAR1 0.0036
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0036
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0034
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0033
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0033
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0032
778 Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CYSLTR1 0.0032
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0032
2298 Cytochrome P450-cam camC 0.0031
106 Cannabinoid receptor 2 CNR2 0.0031
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0031
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0031
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0031
518 Peroxidase/catalase T katG 0.0031
6174 50S ribosomal protein L32 rpmF 0.0031
80 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPARA 0.003
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.003
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.003
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0029
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.0029
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0029
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0029
68 Cannabinoid receptor 1 CNR1 0.0029
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0029
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0029
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0029
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0029
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0029
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.0029
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0028
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0027
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0026
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0026
84 Nuclear receptor 0B1 NR0B1 0.0026
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0026
1457 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 ACSL4 0.0025
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.0024
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0024
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0024
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0023
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0023
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0022
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0022
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0022
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0022
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0022
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0022
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0022
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0022
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0022
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0022
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0022
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0022
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0022
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0022
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0022
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0022
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0022
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0022
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0022
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0022
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0022
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0022
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0022
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0022
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0021
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0021
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0021
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0021
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0021
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0021
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0021
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0021
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.002
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.002
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.002
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.002
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.002
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.002
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.002
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.002
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.002
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.002
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.002
4226 Uridine phosphorylase 2 UPP2 0.0019
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0019
4217 Telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT 0.0019
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0019
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0019
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0019
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0019
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0019
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0019
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0019
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0019
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0019
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0019
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0019
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0019
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0019
94 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor HTR4 0.0019
511 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor HTR1F 0.0019
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0019
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0019
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0019
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0019
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0019
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0019
4081 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 VKORC1L1 0.0018
604 Vitamin K-dependent protein Z PROZ 0.0018
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.0018
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0018
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0018
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0018
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0018
4225 Uridine phosphorylase 1 UPP1 0.0018
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0017
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0017
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0017
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0017
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0017
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0017
719 Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 RARRES1 0.0017
770 Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 GPRC5A 0.0017
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0017
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0017
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0017
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0017
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0017
1245 Vitamin K-dependent protein S PROS1 0.0017
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0017
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0017
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0017
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0017
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0016
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0016
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0016
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0016
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0016
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0016
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0016
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0016
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0016
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0016
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0016
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0016
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0015
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0015
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0015
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0015
2320 Thymidine kinase, cytosolic TK1 0.0015
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0015
569 Retinal dehydrogenase 2 ALDH1A2 0.0015
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0014
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.0014
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0014
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0014
611 Retinal dehydrogenase 1 ALDH1A1 0.0014
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.0014
6931 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 KCNMB1 0.0014
6932 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 KCNMB3 0.0014
6933 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 KCNMB4 0.0014
6934 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 KCNN1 0.0014
6935 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 KCNN2 0.0014
6936 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 KCNN3 0.0014
798 Osteocalcin BGLAP 0.0014
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.0014
3936 Thymidine phosphorylase TYMP 0.0014
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.0014
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0014
564 Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 CRABP1 0.0013
5934 Cytochrome P450 26A1 CYP26A1 0.0013
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0013
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0013
1010 Cytochrome P450 51A1 CYP51A1 0.0013
859 Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 CRABP2 0.0013
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0013
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.0013
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0013
787 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 VKORC1 0.0013
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.0012
369 Coagulation factor VII F7 0.0012
780 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma RXRG 0.0012
5463 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta 2 KCNMB2 0.0012
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0012
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0011
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0011
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0011
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0011
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0011
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0011
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0011
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0011
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0011
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0011
88 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta RXRB 0.0011
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0011
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0011
6206 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' rpoC 0.0011
162 Retinoic acid receptor gamma-1 RARG 0.0011
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0011
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0011
469 Annexin A1 ANXA1 0.0011
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.001
284 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.001
5773 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.001
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.001
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.001
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.001
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.001
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.001
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.001
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0009
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0009
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0009
6432 Transporter snf 0.0009
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0009
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0008
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.0008
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0008
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0008
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0007
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0007
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0007
1256 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor HTR6 0.0006
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0006
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0005
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0005
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0005
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0004
↑