DT-Web

DB00123 - L-Lysine


Identification
Name L-Lysine
Accession Number DB00123 (NUTR00037)
Type small molecule
Description L-Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an ?-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG. L-Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The ?-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding and as a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the ?-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 146.1876
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 146.105527702
Pharmacology
Indication Supplemental L-lysine has putative anti-herpes simplex virus activity. There is preliminary research suggesting that it may have some anti-osteoporotic activity.
Mechanism of action Proteins of the herpes simplex virus are rich in L-arginine, and tissue culture studies indicate an enhancing effect on viral replication when the amino acid ratio of L-arginine to L-lysine is high in the tissue culture media. When the ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine is high, viral replication and the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus have been found to be inhibited. L-lysine may facilitate the absorption of calcium from the small intestine.
Absorption Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes by an active transport process
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1
Name High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1
Gene Name SLC7A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Fernandez J, Lopez AB, Wang C, Mishra R, Zhou L, Yaman I, Snider MD, Hatzoglou M: Transcriptional control of the arginine/lysine transporter, cat-1, by physiological stress. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):50000-9. Epub 2003 Sep 30. - Pubmed
  • Lopez AB, Wang C, Huang CC, Yaman I, Li Y, Chakravarty K, Johnson PF, Chiang CM, Snider MD, Wek RC, Hatzoglou M: A feedback transcriptional mechanism controls the level of the arginine/lysine transporter cat-1 during amino acid starvation. Biochem J. 2007 Feb 15;402(1):163-73. - Pubmed
  • Nicholson B, Sawamura T, Masaki T, MacLeod CL: Increased Cat3-mediated cationic amino acid transport functionally compensates in Cat1 knockout cell lines. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 12;273(24):14663-6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.856
Cationic amino acid transporter 4
Name Cationic amino acid transporter 4
Gene Name SLC7A4
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Sala R, Gazzola GC, Dall'Asta V: The transport of cationic amino acids in human airway cells: expression of system y+L activity and transepithelial delivery of NOS inhibitors. FASEB J. 2005 May;19(7):810-2. Epub 2005 Mar 3. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8454
Cationic amino acid transporter 3
Name Cationic amino acid transporter 3
Gene Name SLC7A3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Hosokawa H, Sawamura T, Kobayashi S, Ninomiya H, Miwa S, Masaki T: Cloning and characterization of a brain-specific cationic amino acid transporter. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 28;272(13):8717-22. - Pubmed
  • Humphrey BD, Stephensen CB, Calvert CC, Klasing KC: Lysine deficiency and feed restriction independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2006 Feb;143(2):218-27. Epub 2006 Jan 10. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8539
Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2
Name Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2
Gene Name SLC7A2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Low BC, Grigor MR: Angiotensin II stimulates system y+ and cationic amino acid transporter gene expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 17;270(46):27577-83. - Pubmed
  • Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Sala R, Gazzola GC, Dall'Asta V: The transport of cationic amino acids in human airway cells: expression of system y+L activity and transepithelial delivery of NOS inhibitors. FASEB J. 2005 May;19(7):810-2. Epub 2005 Mar 3. - Pubmed
  • Schwartz D, Schwartz IF, Gnessin E, Wollman Y, Chernichovsky T, Blum M, Iaina A: Differential regulation of glomerular arginine transporters (CAT-1 and CAT-2) in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Apr;284(4):F788-95. Epub 2002 Dec 10. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7894
Lysyl-tRNA synthetase
Name Lysyl-tRNA synthetase
Gene Name KARS
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Wu XR, Kenzior A, Willmot D, Scanlon S, Chen Z, Topin A, He SH, Acevedo A, Folk WR: Altered expression of plant lysyl tRNA synthetase promotes tRNA misacylation and translational recoding of lysine. Plant J. 2007 May;50(4):627-36. Epub 2007 Apr 8. - Pubmed
  • Chou TF, Wagner CR: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase-generated lysyl-adenylate is a substrate for histidine triad nucleotide binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):4719-27. Epub 2006 Dec 8. - Pubmed
  • Kamenski P, Kolesnikova O, Jubenot V, Entelis N, Krasheninnikov IA, Martin RP, Tarassov I: Evidence for an adaptation mechanism of mitochondrial translation via tRNA import from the cytosol. Mol Cell. 2007 Jun 8;26(5):625-37. - Pubmed
  • Kwon I, Wang P, Tirrell DA: Design of a bacterial host for site-specific incorporation of p-bromophenylalanine into recombinant proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Sep 13;128(36):11778-83. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7101

Transporters


Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Name Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Gene Name SLC16A10
Actions substrate,inhibitor
References
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. - Pubmed
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6349
Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1
Name Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1
Gene Name SLC22A4
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Yabuuchi H, Tamai I, Nezu J, Sakamoto K, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):768-73. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4317

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.2798
3980 Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 OAZ2 0.205
410 Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme OAZ1 0.2049
3981 Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 OAZ3 0.2049
285 Mitochondrial ornithine transporter 2 SLC25A2 0.2049
224 Mitochondrial ornithine transporter 1 SLC25A15 0.2048
336 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial OTC 0.1396
383 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial GATM 0.1302
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.1248
472 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial OAT 0.1241
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.118
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.1173
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.1147
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.1147
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.1147
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.1147
315 Arginase-1 ARG1 0.1004
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0619
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0617
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0446
1566 Corticoliberin CRH 0.0413
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0407
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0301
2532 Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase panC 0.0285
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0263
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0262
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0258
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0248
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0245
5925 Neuropeptide Y NPY 0.0231
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.0229
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0215
2429 Putrescine-binding periplasmic protein potF 0.0206
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0202
4069 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial TARS2 0.0197
261 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic TARS 0.0197
246 Valyl-tRNA synthetase VARS 0.0196
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0183
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0173
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0168
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0167
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0167
3704 Spermidine/putrescine-binding periplasmic protein precursor potD 0.0166
2457 Bacillolysin nprS 0.016
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.0157
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0157
113 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme AMD1 0.0152
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0152
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0149
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0148
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0148
815 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic HARS 0.0147
96 Histidine ammonia-lyase HAL 0.0147
6257 Histidine ammonia-lyase Not Available 0.0147
6536 Histidine ammonia-lyase hutH 0.0147
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0147
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0147
3560 Gentamicin 3'-acetyltransferase aacC1 0.0143
38 Cystinosin CTNS 0.0141
3998 B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A9 0.0141
1963 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT SLC3A1 0.0141
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.014
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0138
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0134
399 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial YARS2 0.0127
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0126
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0124
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0124
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0122
3977 ASRGL1 protein ASRGL1 0.0121
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0119
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.0119
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0117
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0117
3610 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic TXNRD1 0.0115
349 Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase AGXT 0.0115
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0112
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.011
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.011
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.011
4092 Probable asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial NARS2 0.0107
669 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic NARS 0.0107
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0106
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0106
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0106
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0106
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0104
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0104
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0104
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0104
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0103
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0101
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0101
72 Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic SARS 0.0099
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0098
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0097
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0097
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0097
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0097
303 Diamine acetyltransferase 2 SAT2 0.0096
1317 Spermine synthase SMS 0.0096
623 Spermine oxidase SMOX 0.0096
42 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain FARSA 0.0096
6602 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain pheS 0.0096
31 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial FARS2 0.0096
618 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain FARSB 0.0096
6603 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain pheT 0.0096
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0094
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0093
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0093
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0093
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0092
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0092
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0089
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0087
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0087
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0086
123 Diamine acetyltransferase 1 SAT1 0.0086
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0082
2472 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0082
6366 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0082
169 Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial NFS1 0.0081
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0079
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0078
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0078
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0078
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0077
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0077
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0076
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.0076
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.0076
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.0076
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.0076
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0074
90 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 TPH2 0.0073
4063 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial WARS2 0.0073
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0072
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.007
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.007
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.007
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.007
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0068
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0066
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0066
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0065
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0064
749 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, neuronal ACCN1 0.0064
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0063
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0063
5126 Arginase rocF 0.0062
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0061
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.006
252 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic WARS 0.0059
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0059
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0059
387 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0058
7187 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0058
532 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 0.0057
4070 Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial AARS2 0.0057
323 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic AARS 0.0057
827 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 SLC9A1 0.0057
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0056
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0056
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0055
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0055
552 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma SCNN1G 0.0055
213 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha SCNN1A 0.0055
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0055
550 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit delta SCNN1D 0.0055
27 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta SCNN1B 0.0055
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.0055
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0054
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0054
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0054
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0054
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0054
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0053
171 Cysteine dioxygenase CDO-1 0.0053
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0052
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0052
774 Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic CARS 0.0052
1314 Thiamine transporter 2 SLC19A3 0.0052
4064 Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial CARS2 0.0052
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0052
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0052
593 Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 SLC36A1 0.0051
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0051
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0051
624 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase GAMT 0.005
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.0049
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0048
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0048
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0048
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0048
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0048
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0048
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0048
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0048
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0047
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0047
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0047
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0047
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0046
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0046
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0046
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0046
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0045
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0044
3899 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2 AGXT2L2 0.0044
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0043
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0043
1999 Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase MGMT 0.0043
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0043
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0042
435 Kynureninase KYNU 0.0041
4654 Kynureninase kynU 0.0041
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0041
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0041
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0041
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0041
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0041
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0041
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.004
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.004
6432 Transporter snf 0.004
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.004
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.004
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.004
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.004
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0039
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0039
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0038
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0037
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0036
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0036
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0036
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0036
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0036
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0035
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0035
3929 Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase PHOSPHO1 0.0035
549 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PCYT1B 0.0035
769 High-affinity choline transporter 1 SLC5A7 0.0035
264 Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta CHKB 0.0035
3933 Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase CEPT1 0.0035
576 Choline O-acetyltransferase CHAT 0.0035
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0035
700 Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial CHDH 0.0035
3922 Phospholipase D2 PLD2 0.0035
3927 Choline transporter-like protein 3 SLC44A3 0.0035
1686 Choline transporter-like protein 1 SLC44A1 0.0035
3926 Choline transporter-like protein 2 SLC44A2 0.0035
3925 Choline transporter-like protein 4 SLC44A4 0.0035
861 Choline kinase alpha CHKA 0.0035
3924 Phospholipase D1 PLD1 0.0035
1074 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator PLAU 0.0035
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0035
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0035
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0035
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0035
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0035
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0035
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0035
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0035
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0034
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0034
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0034
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0034
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0034
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0034
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0034
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0034
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0034
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0034
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0034
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0033
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0033
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.0033
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0032
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0032
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0032
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0031
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0031
2632 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3323 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3975 Adenylosuccinate synthetase ADSS 0.0031
4598 Adenylosuccinate synthetase Adss 0.0031
6817 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3972 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 ADSS 0.0031
533 Aminoacylase-1 ACY1 0.0031
3969 Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole- succinocarboxamide synthase PAICS 0.0031
799 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic DARS 0.0031
209 Aspartoacylase ASPA 0.0031
3979 Aspartoacylase-2 ACY3 0.0031
3976 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial DARS2 0.0031
513 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2 SLC25A13 0.0031
305 Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier protein SLC25A13 0.0031
262 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 SLC25A12 0.0031
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0031
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0031
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0031
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.003
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.003
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.003
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.003
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.003
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0029
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0029
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0029
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0029
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0029
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0029
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0029
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0029
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0029
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0029
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0029
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0028
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0028
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0028
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.0028
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0027
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0027
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0027
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0027
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0027
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0027
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0026
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0026
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0026
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0026
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0025
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0025
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0025
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0024
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.0024
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0024
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0024
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0024
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0023
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0023
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0023
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0023
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0023
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0023
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0023
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0023
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0023
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0022
4058 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 GLYATL2 0.0022
4057 Glycine N-acyltransferase GLYAT 0.0022
4059 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 GLYATL1 0.0022
4056 N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 0.0022
4061 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase PIPOX 0.0022
4055 Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase BAAT 0.0022
1236 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 SLC6A9 0.0022
4062 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 SLC6A5 0.0022
4060 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1 0.0022
1088 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial ALAS2 0.0022
1466 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase GARS 0.0022
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0022
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0022
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0021
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0021
3978 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 ADSSL1 0.0021
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.002
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.002
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.002
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.002
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.002
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0019
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0019
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0018
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0018
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0018
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0018
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0018
4054 Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial GCSH 0.0017
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.0017
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.0017
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.0017
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0017
62 Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB 0.0017
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0017
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0016
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0015
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0015
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0015
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0015
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0015
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0015
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0015
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0015
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0015
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0015
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0014
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0014
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0014
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0014
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0014
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0014
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0014
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0014
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0014
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0014
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0014
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0013
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0013
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0013
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0012
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0012
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0012
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0011
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0011
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0011
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0011
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0011
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0011
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0011
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0011
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0011
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0011
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0011
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0011
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0011
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0011
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0011
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0011
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0011
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0011
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0011
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0011
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0011
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0011
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0011
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0011
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0011
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0011
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.001
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0009
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0009
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0009
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0008
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0008
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0008
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0008
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0008
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0008
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0008
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0008
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0008
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0008
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0008
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0008
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0007
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0007
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0007
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0006
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0006
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0005
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0005
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0005
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