DT-Web

DB01373 - Calcium


Identification
Name Calcium
Accession Number DB01373
Type small molecule
Description Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight Not Available
Groups experimental
Monoisotopic Weight Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. It is vital in cell signaling, muscular contractions, bone health, and signalling cascades.
Mechanism of action Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination The kidney excretes 250 mmol a day in urine, and resorbs 245 mmol, leading to a net loss in the urine of 5 mmol/d.
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Amprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavir
Atazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavir
Chloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquine
Ciprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Clodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Dapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Deferiprone Deferiprone serum concentrations may be decreased by calcium salts.
Delavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdine
Demeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Doxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Enoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Etidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Fosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavir
Grepafloxacin Calcium may decrease the absorption of grepafloxacin. Doses should be spaced apart by at least 2 hours.
Ibandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Indinavir Calcium may decrease the absorption of indinavir.
Itraconazole Calcium-containing antacids may decrease the effect of itraconazole.
Ketoconazole Calcium-containing antacids may decrease the absorption of ketoconazole.
Levofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Levothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxine
Lomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Methacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Minocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Moxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Mycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Norfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Ofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Oxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Pefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Polystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Risedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Temafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Tetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Trovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
Name Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
Gene Name CACNA1C
Pharmacological action yes
Actions ligand
References
  • Boda D, Giri J, Henderson D, Eisenberg B, Gillespie D: Analyzing the components of the free-energy landscape in a calcium selective ion channel by Widom's particle insertion method. J Chem Phys. 2011 Feb 7;134(5):055102. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5396
Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
Name Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
Gene Name ATP2C1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Shi X, Chen M, Huvos PE, Hardwicke PM: Amino acid sequence of a Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cross-striated part of the adductor muscle of the deep sea scallop: comparison to serca enzymes of other animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1998 Jun;120(2):359-74. - Pubmed
  • Bonza MC, Martin H, Kang M, Lewis G, Greiner T, Giacometti S, Van Etten JL, De Michelis MI, Thiel G, Moroni A: A functional calcium-transporting ATPase encoded by chlorella viruses. J Gen Virol. 2010 Oct;91(Pt 10):2620-9. Epub 2010 Jun 23. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5654
Troponin C, skeletal muscle
Name Troponin C, skeletal muscle
Gene Name TNNC2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Martin SR, Avella G, Adrover M, de Nicola GF, Bullard B, Pastore A: Binding Properties of the Calcium-Activated F2 Isoform of Lethocerus Troponin C. Biochemistry. 2011 Feb 10. - Pubmed
  • Kreutziger KL, Piroddi N, McMichael JT, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Regnier M: Calcium binding kinetics of troponin C strongly modulate cooperative activation and tension kinetics in cardiac muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Jan;50(1):165-74. Epub 2010 Oct 28. - Pubmed
  • Robertson IM, Sun YB, Li MX, Sykes BD: A structural and functional perspective into the mechanism of Ca2+-sensitizers that target the cardiac troponin complex. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010 Dec;49(6):1031-41. Epub 2010 Aug 27. - Pubmed
  • Dweck D, Reynaldo DP, Pinto JR, Potter JD: A dilated cardiomyopathy troponin C mutation lowers contractile force by reducing strong myosin-actin binding. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jun 4;285(23):17371-9. Epub 2010 Apr 6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2174
Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles
Name Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles
Gene Name TNNC1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Dweck D, Reynaldo DP, Pinto JR, Potter JD: A dilated cardiomyopathy troponin C mutation lowers contractile force by reducing strong myosin-actin binding. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jun 4;285(23):17371-9. Epub 2010 Apr 6. - Pubmed
  • Swindle N, Tikunova SB: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked mutation D145E drastically alters calcium binding by the C-domain of cardiac troponin C. Biochemistry. 2010 Jun 15;49(23):4813-20. - Pubmed
  • Parvatiyar MS, Pinto JR, Liang J, Potter JD: Predicting cardiomyopathic phenotypes by altering Ca2+ affinity of cardiac troponin C. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 3;285(36):27785-97. Epub 2010 Jun 21. - Pubmed
  • Baylor SM, Hollingworth S: Calcium indicators and calcium signalling in skeletal muscle fibres during excitation-contraction coupling. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2010 Jun 25. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9061
Spectrin beta chain, brain 1
Name Spectrin beta chain, brain 1
Gene Name SPTBN1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions agonist
References
  • Wallis CJ, Wenegieme EF, Babitch JA: Characterization of calcium binding to brain spectrin. J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4333-7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
Protein S100-B
Name Protein S100-B
Gene Name S100B
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Lee TS, Mane S, Eid T, Zhao H, Lin A, Guan Z, Kim JH, Schweitzer J, King-Stevens D, Weber P, Spencer SS, Spencer DD, de Lanerolle NC: Gene expression in temporal lobe epilepsy is consistent with increased release of glutamate by astrocytes. Mol Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1-2):1-13. - Pubmed
  • Marlatt NM, Shaw GS: Amide exchange shows calcium-induced conformational changes are transmitted to the dimer interface of S100B. Biochemistry. 2007 Jun 26;46(25):7478-87. Epub 2007 May 31. - Pubmed
  • Liang J, Luo G, Ning X, Shi Y, Zhai H, Sun S, Jin H, Liu Z, Zhang F, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Guo X, Wu K, Fan D: Differential expression of calcium-related genes in gastric cancer cells transfected with cellular prion protein. Biochem Cell Biol. 2007 Jun;85(3):375-83. - Pubmed
  • Friel LA, Romero R, Edwin S, Nien JK, Gomez R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kusanovic JP, Tolosa JE, Hassan SS, Espinoza J: The calcium binding protein, S100B, is increased in the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and preterm labor with intact or ruptured membranes. J Perinat Med. 2007;35(5):385-93. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.282
Calpastatin
Name Calpastatin
Gene Name CAST
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Hanna RA, Garcia-Diaz BE, Davies PL: Calpastatin simultaneously binds four calpains with different kinetic constants. FEBS Lett. 2007 Jun 26;581(16):2894-8. Epub 2007 May 25. - Pubmed
  • De Tullio R, Averna M, Stifanese R, Parr T, Bardsley RG, Pontremoli S, Melloni E: Multiple rat brain calpastatin forms are produced by distinct starting points and alternative splicing of the N-terminal exons. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Sep 1;465(1):148-56. Epub 2007 May 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7329
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
Name Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
Gene Name COMP
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Chen FH, Herndon ME, Patel N, Hecht JT, Tuan RS, Lawler J: Interaction of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein/thrombospondin 5 with aggrecan. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 24;282(34):24591-8. Epub 2007 Jun 22. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7329
Calmodulin
Name Calmodulin
Gene Name CALM1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Sosa V, Carbo R, Guarner V: Participation of glucose transporters on atrial natriuretic peptide-induced glucose uptake by adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes under oxygenation and hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 30;568(1-3):83-8. Epub 2007 Apr 30. - Pubmed
  • Zhou Z, Yin J, Dou Z, Tang J, Zhang C, Cao Y: The calponin homology domain of Vav1 associates with calmodulin and is prerequisite to T cell antigen receptor-induced calcium release in Jurkat T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 10;282(32):23737-44. Epub 2007 Jun 5. - Pubmed
  • Schallreuter KU, Gibbons NC, Zothner C, Abou Elloof MM, Wood JM: Hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress disrupts calcium binding on calmodulin: more evidence for oxidative stress in vitiligo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 17;360(1):70-5. Epub 2007 Jun 11. - Pubmed
  • Caride AJ, Filoteo AG, Penniston JT, Strehler EE: The plasma membrane Ca2+ pump isoform 4a differs from isoform 4b in the mechanism of calmodulin binding and activation kinetics: implications for Ca2+ signaling. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 31;282(35):25640-8. Epub 2007 Jun 26. - Pubmed
  • Lo LW, Chen YC, Chen YJ, Wongcharoen W, Lin CI, Chen SA: Calmodulin kinase II inhibition prevents arrhythmic activity induced by alpha and beta adrenergic agonists in rabbit pulmonary veins. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 1;571(2-3):197-208. Epub 2007 Jun 13. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8078

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
722 Troponin I, cardiac muscle TNNI3 0.1178
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.1136
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.1134
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.109
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.1066
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.1046
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.101
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0976
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0967
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0943
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0868
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0791
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.074
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.0729
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.072
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0687
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.065
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0599
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0571
4246 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 VDAC2 0.0564
4247 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 VDAC3 0.0564
4245 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 VDAC1 0.0563
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.054
1810 Protein S100-A1 S100A1 0.0537
6097 Protein S100-A2 S100A2 0.0531
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0507
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0506
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.047
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0452
2226 Protein S100-A12 S100A12 0.0441
1048 Protein S100-A13 S100A13 0.044
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0424
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0403
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0387
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.038
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0364
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0358
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0356
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0354
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0351
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0332
6859 Protein S100-A4 S100A4 0.0327
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0326
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0321
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0304
750 Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit CACNG1 0.0293
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0293
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0254
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0253
741 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 KCNQ1 0.025
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0239
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0229
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0199
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0187
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0187
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0174
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.017
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0169
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0166
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0165
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0161
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0158
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.0152
2392 Biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase bphC 0.0146
3032 Biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase bphC 0.0146
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0145
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0145
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0127
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0127
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0127
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0127
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0127
2314 Triosephosphate isomerase TPI 0.0123
3417 Triosephosphate isomerase tpiA 0.0123
3443 Triosephosphate isomerase tpiA 0.0123
6346 Triosephosphate isomerase TPI1 0.0123
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0117
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0109
6424 Light-harvesting protein B-800/820 beta chain Not Available 0.0107
6586 Protein S100-G S100G 0.0107
6587 Rubredoxin rub 0.0107
6589 Delta-hemolysin hld 0.0107
6591 ATP synthase C chain atpH 0.0106
6423 Light-harvesting protein B-800/820 alpha chain Not Available 0.0106
4718 Putative ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit, mitochondrial CLPP 0.0106
6588 Methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase fmt 0.0106
6593 Immunoglobulin G-binding protein G spg 0.0106
6592 Probable L-ascorbate-6-phosphate lactonase ulaG ulaG 0.0106
6585 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-27 alpha chain HLA-B 0.0106
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0098
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0098
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0097
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0097
3175 Glutamate--cysteine ligase gshA 0.0096
6279 Beta-2-microglobulin B2M 0.0093
6496 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial COX8A 0.0093
6493 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C COX6C 0.0093
6499 Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A1, mitochondrial COX7A1 0.0093
6498 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 COX6B1 0.0093
6497 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial COX6A2 0.0093
6495 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial COX7C 0.0092
6491 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial COX5A 0.0092
6489 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial COX4I1 0.0092
6494 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial COX7B 0.0092
5793 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 MT-CO2 0.0092
6559 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0092
6669 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0092
6490 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 MT-CO3 0.0092
371 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 MT-CO1 0.0092
6558 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ctaD 0.0092
6319 Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 gamma chain narI 0.0092
6318 Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 beta chain narH 0.0092
6317 Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 alpha chain narG 0.0092
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.009
6428 Light-harvesting protein B-800/850 beta chain Not Available 0.0086
6427 Light-harvesting protein B-800/850 alpha chain Not Available 0.0086
6533 Light-harvesting protein B-800/850 alpha chain A1 0.0086
6575 Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha RABGGTA 0.008
6576 Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit beta RABGGTB 0.008
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.008
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.008
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.008
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0076
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0075
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0074
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0073
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0072
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0072
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0071
6352 Reaction center protein H chain puhA 0.007
6456 Reaction center protein H chain puhA 0.007
6682 Reaction center protein H chain puhA 0.007
6353 Reaction center protein L chain pufL 0.007
6454 Reaction center protein L chain pufL 0.007
6683 Reaction center protein L chain pufL 0.007
6354 Reaction center protein M chain pufM 0.007
6455 Reaction center protein M chain pufM 0.007
6684 Reaction center protein M chain pufM 0.007
6351 Photosynthetic reaction center cytochrome c subunit pufC 0.007
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0068
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0067
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0066
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0065
1262 Corticotropin-lipotropin POMC 0.0064
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0064
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0063
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0063
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0063
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0063
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0062
3027 Streptavidin Not Available 0.0062
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0062
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0057
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0055
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0053
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.005
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.005
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.005
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.005
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.005
233 Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 KCNK2 0.0046
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0045
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0044
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0042
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0042
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0042
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0041
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0041
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0039
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0039
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0039
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0037
158 Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha SCN1A 0.0034
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0033
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0033
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.003
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0028
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0028
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0025
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0024
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0024
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0023
394 Calcineurin subunit B isoform 1 PPP3R1 0.0022
6742 Recoverin RCVRN 0.0022
6752 Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 GUCA1A 0.0022
2528 Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein fadR 0.0022
6740 Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein fadR 0.0022
6753 Apolipoprotein M APOM 0.0022
6747 Chalcone/stilbene synthase family protein MT1417 0.0022
6741 Peroxisomal 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase PECI 0.0022
6743 Non-fluorescent flavoprotein luxF 0.0022
6751 Gag polyprotein gag 0.0022
6746 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform PPP3CA 0.0022
6522 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha HNF4A 0.0022
6749 Polyprotein Not Available 0.0022
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0021
5961 Insulin INS 0.002
6755 Poliovirus receptor PVR 0.0019
6527 Lymphocyte antigen 96 LY96 0.0019
6750 ADP-ribosylation factor 6 ARF6 0.0018
6524 Protein tonB tonB 0.0018
5432 Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 3 TRAPPC3 0.0018
4373 Medium-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase Not Available 0.0018
4210 Toll-like receptor 4 TLR4 0.0017
2616 Ganglioside GM2 activator GM2A 0.0017
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0016
2435 UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase lpxC 0.0016
6613 UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase lpxC 0.0016
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0015
6316 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 ARF1 0.0015
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0015
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0014
864 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
2237 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
2326 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
2451 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
2901 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
3165 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
3722 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
6306 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
6624 Gag-Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0014
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0014
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0014
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0014
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0013
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0013
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0013
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0013
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0013
768 FK506-binding protein 1A FKBP1A 0.0012
2427 Ferrichrome-iron receptor fhuA 0.0012
6228 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 NCOA1 0.0012
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0012
6264 cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha PKIA 0.0011
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0011
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