DB01172 - Kanamycin
| Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name | Kanamycin | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accession Number | DB01172 (APRD00026) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type | small molecule | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components. [PubChem] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure |
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| Categories (*) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molecular Weight | 484.4986 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Groups | approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monoisotopic Weight | 484.238058014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharmacology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indication | For treatment of infections where one or more of the following are the known or suspected pathogens: E. coli, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and Acinetobacter species. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanism of action | Aminoglycosides like kanamycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Kanamycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Absorption | Kanamycin is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection and peak serum levels are generally reached within approximately one hour. Poor oral and topical absorption except with severe skin damage. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Protein binding | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biotransformation | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route of elimination | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toxicity | Mild and reversible nephrotoxicity may be observed in 5 - 25% of patients. Amikacin accumulates in proximal renal tubular cells. Tubular cell regeneration occurs despite continued drug exposure. Toxicity usually occurs several days following initiation of therapy. May cause irreversible ototoxicity. Otoxocity appears to be correlated to cumulative lifetime exposure. Drug accumulation in the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear causes irreversible damage to hair cells of the cochlea or summit of ampullar cristae in the vestibular complex. High frequency hearing is lost first with progression leading to loss of low frequency hearing. Further toxicity may lead to retrograde degeneration of the 8th cranial (vestibulocochlear) nerve. Vestibular toxicity may cause vertigo, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance. Oral LD50 is 17500 mg/kg in mice, over 4 g/kg in rats, and over 3 g/kg in rabbits. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affected organisms |
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| Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drug Interactions |
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| Food Interactions | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Targets
| 30S ribosomal protein S12 | |
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| Name | 30S ribosomal protein S12 |
| Gene Name | rpsL |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | inhibitor |
| References |
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| DTHybrid score | 1.6977 |
| 16S rRNA | |
| Name | 16S rRNA |
| Gene Name | Not Available |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | inhibitor |
| References |
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| DTHybrid score | Not Available |
Enzymes
| Aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase | |
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| Name | Aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase |
| Gene Name | aac |
| Actions | Not Available |
| References |
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| DTHybrid score | Not Available |
| Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase | |
| Name | Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase |
| Gene Name | knt |
| Actions | Not Available |
| References |
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| DTHybrid score | 1.0646 |
| Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase | |
| Name | Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase |
| Gene Name | aphA1 |
| Actions | Not Available |
| References |
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| DTHybrid score | Not Available |