DT-Web

DB00432 - Trifluridine


Identification
Name Trifluridine
Accession Number DB00432 (APRD01275)
Type small molecule
Description An antiviral derivative of thymidine used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 296.1999
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 296.062006087
Pharmacology
Indication Ophthalmic solution for the treatment of primay keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2.
Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of trifluridine has not been fully determined, but appears to involve the inhibition of viral replication. Trifluridine does this by incorporating into viral DNA during replication, which leads to the formation of defective proteins and an increased mutation rate. This drug also reversibly inhibits thymidylate synthetase, an enzyme that is necessary for DNA synthesis.
Absorption Systemic absorption of trifluridine following therapeutic dosing with trifluridine ophthalmic appears to be negligible.
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation One major metabolite, 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine found on the endothelial side of the cornea, indicating localized metabolism.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Overdosage by ocular instillation is unlikely because any excess solution should be quickly expelled from the conjunctival sac. Acute overdosage by accidental oral ingestion has not occurred. However, should such ingestion occur, the 75 mg dosage of trifluridine in a 7.5 mL bottle of trifluridine is not likely to produce adverse effects. Single intravenous doses of 1.5 to 30 mg/kg/day in children and adults with neoplastic disease produce reversible bone marrow depression as the only potentially serious toxic effect and only after three to five courses of therapy. The acute oral LD50 in the mouse and rat was 4379 mg/kg or higher.
Affected organisms
  • Human Herpes Virus
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Thymidylate synthase
Name Thymidylate synthase
Gene Name TYMS
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
  • De Clercq E: Antiviral drugs in current clinical use. J Clin Virol. 2004 Jun;30(2):115-33. - Pubmed
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Smid K, Gokoel S, Peters GJ: Molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between trifluorothymidine and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci. 2010 Feb;101(2):440-7. Epub 2009 Sep 29. - Pubmed
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Peters GJ, Temmink OH, Fukushima M, Kruyt FA: Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 15;126(10):2457-68. - Pubmed
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Trifluorothymidine induces cell death independently of p53. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008 Jun;27(6):699-703. - Pubmed
  • Madeira VM, Antunes-Madeira MC: Chemical composition of sarcolemma isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Mar 16;298(2):230-8. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Hoogeland MF, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Low folate conditions may enhance the interaction of trifluorothymidine with antifolates in colon cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;57(2):171-9. Epub 2005 Jul 12. - Pubmed
  • Oberg B, Johansson NG: The relative merits and drawbacks of new nucleoside analogues with clinical potential. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Aug;14 Suppl A:5-26. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. - Pubmed
  • Shintani M, Urano M, Takakuwa Y, Kuroda M, Kamoshida S: Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010 May;23(5):1345-50. - Pubmed
  • Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. - Pubmed
  • Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. - Pubmed
  • Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19. - Pubmed
  • Bassler R, Buchwald W: [Experimental inflammation and fibrosis of the lung framework caused by ionizing rays. Light and electron microscopic studies] Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed. 1966 Feb;104(2):192-206. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7957
DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action yes
Actions other/unknown
References
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Smid K, Gokoel S, Peters GJ: Molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between trifluorothymidine and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci. 2010 Feb;101(2):440-7. Epub 2009 Sep 29. - Pubmed
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Peters GJ, Temmink OH, Fukushima M, Kruyt FA: Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 15;126(10):2457-68. - Pubmed
  • Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Trifluorothymidine induces cell death independently of p53. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008 Jun;27(6):699-703. - Pubmed
  • Madeira VM, Antunes-Madeira MC: Chemical composition of sarcolemma isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Mar 16;298(2):230-8. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Hoogeland MF, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Low folate conditions may enhance the interaction of trifluorothymidine with antifolates in colon cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;57(2):171-9. Epub 2005 Jul 12. - Pubmed
  • Oberg B, Johansson NG: The relative merits and drawbacks of new nucleoside analogues with clinical potential. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Aug;14 Suppl A:5-26. - Pubmed
  • Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. - Pubmed
  • Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. - Pubmed
  • Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19. - Pubmed
  • Bassler R, Buchwald W: [Experimental inflammation and fibrosis of the lung framework caused by ionizing rays. Light and electron microscopic studies] Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed. 1966 Feb;104(2):192-206. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Enzymes


Thymidine kinase, cytosolic
Name Thymidine kinase, cytosolic
Gene Name TK1
Actions substrate
References
  • Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. - Pubmed
  • Shintani M, Urano M, Takakuwa Y, Kuroda M, Kamoshida S: Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010 May;23(5):1345-50. - Pubmed
  • Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Yokogawa T, Okabe H, Kitazato K: An optimal dosing schedule for a novel combination antimetabolite, TAS-102, based on its intracellular metabolism and its incorporation into DNA. Int J Mol Med. 2004 Feb;13(2):249-55. - Pubmed
  • Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4091
Thymidine phosphorylase
Name Thymidine phosphorylase
Gene Name TYMP
Actions substrate
References
  • Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. - Pubmed
  • Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. - Pubmed
  • Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. - Pubmed
  • Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90. - Pubmed
  • Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19. - Pubmed
  • Bassler R, Buchwald W: [Experimental inflammation and fibrosis of the lung framework caused by ionizing rays. Light and electron microscopic studies] Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed. 1966 Feb;104(2):192-206. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7942

Transporters


Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Gene Name SLC22A6
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Wada S, Tsuda M, Sekine T, Cha SH, Kimura M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Rat multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) transports zidovudine, acyclovir, and other antiviral nucleoside analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):844-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3431

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.7957
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.7957
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.7957
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.7957
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.7942
2280 Listeriolysin regulatory protein prfA 0.1195
2333 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase ribH 0.0979
2642 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase ribH 0.0979
3216 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase ribH 0.0979
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0751
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0661
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0617
3611 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.061
3707 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.061
4211 Cytidine deaminase CDA 0.061
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0564
3481 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase 2 rmlA2 0.0563
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0535
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0499
3478 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0482
4277 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0482
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0481
3299 DNA primase/helicase 4 0.0477
2251 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0471
2254 Thymidylate kinase DTYMK 0.0471
3522 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0471
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0445
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0445
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0445
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0445
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0445
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0445
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0445
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0445
3244 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 alpha subunit nrdE 0.0441
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0437
2633 Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase NRDD 0.0413
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0399
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0344
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0323
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0317
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0312
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0306
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0287
4217 Telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT 0.0268
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.026
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0256
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.025
4226 Uridine phosphorylase 2 UPP2 0.0237
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0221
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.022
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0219
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0215
4225 Uridine phosphorylase 1 UPP1 0.0213
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0199
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0198
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0195
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.019
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0186
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0186
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0186
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0176
2287 Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase ATIC 0.0169
1043 Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 [Includes: Phosphoribosylamine--glycine ligase GART 0.0165
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.016
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0159
633 Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B pbpA 0.0149
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0148
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0145
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0145
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.0141
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0139
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0139
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0133
2567 Thymidylate synthase thyX thyX 0.0128
4275 PCZA361.16 Not Available 0.0128
4276 DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon dnaQ 0.0128
2410 Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase dut 0.0127
2490 Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase dut 0.0127
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0123
308 30S ribosomal protein S12 rpsL 0.0122
6704 30S ribosomal protein S12 rpsL 0.0122
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0121
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0117
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0116
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0116
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0116
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0116
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0116
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0116
2555 Pol polyprotein pol 0.0114
3242 Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0114
3471 Pol polyprotein gag-pro-pol 0.0114
5256 Pol polyprotein pol 0.0114
6469 Pol polyprotein gag-pol 0.0114
6565 Pol polyprotein Not Available 0.0114
1353 DNA topoisomerase 1 TOP1 0.0114
3552 DNA topoisomerase 1 topA 0.0114
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.011
4790 Glycosyltransferase GtfA gtfA 0.011
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.011
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.01
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.01
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.01
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.01
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.01
5849 cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit PRKAR1A 0.0092
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0091
1244 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 LRP2 0.009
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0089
360 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit RRM1 0.0087
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0085
5691 DTDP-4-DEHYDRORHAMNOSE 3,5-EPIMERASE RMLC rmlC 0.0084
3361 Serpin B5 SERPINB5 0.0084
5694 Transcription antiterminator licT licT 0.0084
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0083
2016 Dipeptidase 1 DPEP1 0.0082
6126 Carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 0.0082
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.008
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0077
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0077
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0077
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0077
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0075
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0074
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0074
22 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0072
6714 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0072
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0072
3806 cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE2A 0.0071
140 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0068
6719 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0068
6725 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0068
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.0067
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0067
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0067
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0067
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0066
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0064
2286 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0063
2302 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0063
2771 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0063
4534 Cytohesin-2 CYTH2 0.0061
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.006
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0059
3668 Maltose-binding periplasmic protein precursor malE 0.0059
293 Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase GGH 0.0058
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0056
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0056
466 Solute carrier family 12 member 3 SLC12A3 0.0055
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0054
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0054
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0053
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0053
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0053
2592 Beta-galactosidase lacZ 0.0053
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0051
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0051
438 Taste receptor type 1 member 2 TAS1R2 0.0051
253 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain FXYD2 0.0051
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.005
315 Arginase-1 ARG1 0.005
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0049
277 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase PNP 0.0049
2870 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0049
2945 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0049
4659 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TM_1596 0.0049
4825 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TTHA1435 0.0049
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.0048
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0046
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0046
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0046
2347 Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 PIM1 0.0046
3686 Acyl-CoA thioesterase I precursor tesA 0.0045
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0045
5818 Folate receptor alpha FOLR1 0.0045
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0045
6339 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Not Available 0.0044
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0044
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0043
5698 Riboflavin synthase alpha chain ribE 0.0043
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0041
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0041
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0041
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0041
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0041
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0041
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0041
887 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0041
4150 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0041
6225 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0041
408 Riboflavin kinase RFK 0.0041
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0041
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.004
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.004
1558 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 TRPV1 0.004
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0038
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0038
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0038
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0037
5353 Glutamate decarboxylase alpha gadA 0.0037
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0036
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.0036
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0035
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0035
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0035
889 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1 fabB 0.0035
6860 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1 kasA 0.0035
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0034
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0033
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0033
6122 Carbonic anhydrase 3 CA3 0.0033
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0033
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0033
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0033
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0033
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0033
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0033
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0033
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0033
3007 Carbonic anhydrase 12 CA12 0.0033
4205 Carbonic anhydrase 9 CA9 0.0033
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0032
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0032
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.0031
342 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0031
612 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0031
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.003
654 Flavin reductase BLVRB 0.0029
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0029
3688 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase ilvE 0.0028
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0028
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0028
4252 Penicillin-binding protein 5 dacA 0.0028
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0028
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0028
1867 Major prion protein PRNP 0.0028
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0028
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0028
1025 Aquaporin-1 AQP1 0.0027
3685 Catabolite gene activator crp 0.0027
4655 Adenylate cyclase cyaC 0.0027
4759 Adenylate cyclase cyaB2 0.0027
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0026
130 Prostacyclin synthase PTGIS 0.0025
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0025
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0025
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0025
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0025
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0025
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0025
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0025
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0025
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0025
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0024
6207 30S ribosomal protein S14 rpsN 0.0024
6209 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0024
6712 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0024
6726 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0024
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0024
2249 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0023
2671 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0023
5490 Aspartate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0023
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0023
4760 Mll3241 protein mll3241 0.0023
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0023
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0022
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0021
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0021
1196 Complement decay-accelerating factor CD55 0.0021
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0021
718 Folate receptor gamma FOLR3 0.0021
299 Folate receptor beta FOLR2 0.0021
804 Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier SLC25A32 0.0021
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0021
1198 Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 PON1 0.0021
6223 Penicillin-binding protein 1C pbpC 0.0021
40 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase RAF1 0.0021
527 Prostacyclin receptor PTGIR 0.0021
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.002
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.002
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.002
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.0019
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0019
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0019
7154 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0019
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0019
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0019
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0019
1654 Interleukin-1 beta IL1B 0.0019
2808 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 3 cat3 0.0019
698 B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF 0.0018
53 Solute carrier family 12 member 5 SLC12A5 0.0018
663 Solute carrier family 12 member 4 SLC12A4 0.0018
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0018
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0018
2417 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cat 0.0017
3278 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cat 0.0017
2810 Dr hemagglutinin structural subunit draA 0.0017
2718 Chloramphenicol 3-O phosphotransferase Not Available 0.0017
6179 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 UGT2B17 0.0017
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0017
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0017
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0016
459 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA 0.0016
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0016
494 Caspase-1 CASP1 0.0015
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0015
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0015
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0015
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0015
3760 Penicillin-binding protein 5 precursor dacA 0.0014
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0014
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0013
6184 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dacC dacC 0.0013
2077 Caspase-3 CASP3 0.0013
819 Penicillin-binding protein 4 dacB 0.0012
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0012
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0012
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0011
6124 Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial CA5B 0.0011
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0011
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0011
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0011
3868 Calcineurin subunit B isoform 2 PPP3R2 0.0011
421 Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand CAMLG 0.0011
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.001
70 Type-1 angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 0.001
997 Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB 0.001
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.001
6123 Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial CA5A 0.001
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.001
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.001
1970 Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA 0.001
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.001
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.001
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.0009
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0009
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0009
2408 Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK SYK 0.0009
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0009
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0009
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0008
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0008
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0008
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0008
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0008
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0008
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0008
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0008
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0008
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0008
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.0008
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0008
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0008
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0008
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0008
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0007
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0007
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0007
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0007
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0007
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0007
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0007
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0006
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0006
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0006
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0006
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0006
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0006
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0006
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0006
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0006
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0005
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0005
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