DT-Web

DB00577 - Valaciclovir


Identification
Name Valaciclovir
Accession Number DB00577 (APRD00697)
Type small molecule
Description Valaciclovir (INN) or valacyclovir (USAN) is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex and herpes zoster (shingles). It is a prodrug, being converted in vivo to aciclovir. It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Valtrex or Zelitrex. [Wikipedia]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 324.3357
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 324.154603158
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment or suppression of cold sores (herpes labialis), herpes zoster (shingles), genital herpes in immunocompetent individuals, and recurrent genital herpes in HIV-infected individuals.
Mechanism of action Valaciclovir is phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to acyclovir triphosphate (the active metabolite) which then inhibits herpes viral DNA replication by competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, and by incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain. When used as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, acyclovir triphosphate competitively inhibits dATP leading to the formation of 'faulty' DNA. This is where acyclovir triphosphate is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention of DNA synthesis, as phosphodiester bridges can longer to be built, destabilizing the strand.
Absorption After oral administration, valaciclovir hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The absolute bioavailability of acyclovir after administration of valaciclovir is 54.5% ± 9.1%.
Protein binding 13-18%
Biotransformation Valaciclovir is rapidly and almost entirely (~99%) converted to the active compound, acyclovir, and L-valine by first-pass intestinal and hepatic metabolism by enzymatic hydrolysis. Neither valaciclovir nor acyclovir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Route of elimination Acyclovir accounted for 89% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine.
Toxicity Adverse effects of overexposure might include headache and nausea.
Affected organisms
  • Human Herpes Virus
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


DNA polymerase
Name DNA polymerase
Gene Name UL30
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Scott GM, Ng HL, Morton CJ, Parker MW, Rawlinson WD: Murine cytomegalovirus resistant to antivirals has genetic correlates with human cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol. 2005 Aug;86(Pt 8):2141-51. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5299
Thymidine kinase
Name Thymidine kinase
Gene Name TK
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inducer
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Teh BS, Ayala G, Aguilar L, Mai WY, Timme TL, Vlachaki MT, Miles B, Kadmon D, Wheeler T, Caillouet J, Davis M, Carpenter LS, Lu HH, Chiu JK, Woo SY, Thompson T, Aguilar-Cordova E, Butler EB: Phase I-II trial evaluating combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy and in situ gene therapy with or without hormonal therapy in treatment of prostate cancer-interim report on PSA response and biopsy data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Apr 1;58(5):1520-9. - Pubmed
  • Satoh T, Teh BS, Timme TL, Mai WY, Gdor Y, Kusaka N, Fujita T, Pramudji CK, Vlachaki MT, Ayala G, Wheeler T, Amato R, Miles BJ, Kadmon D, Butler EB, Thompson TC: Enhanced systemic T-cell activation after in situ gene therapy with radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Jun 1;59(2):562-71. - Pubmed
  • Hinata N, Shirakawa T, Terao S, Goda K, Tanaka K, Yamada Y, Hara I, Kamidono S, Fujisawa M, Gotoh A: Progress report on phase I/II clinical trial of Ad-OC-TK plus VAL therapy for metastatic or locally recurrent prostate cancer: Initial experience at Kobe University. Int J Urol. 2006 Jun;13(6):834-7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9394

Transporters


Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Gene Name SLC15A1
Actions substrate,inhibitor
References
  • Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Wang H, Ganapathy V, Leibach FH: Valacyclovir: a substrate for the intestinal and renal peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):470-5. - Pubmed
  • Han H, de Vrueh RL, Rhie JK, Covitz KM, Smith PL, Lee CP, Oh DM, Sadee W, Amidon GL: 5'-Amino acid esters of antiviral nucleosides, acyclovir, and AZT are absorbed by the intestinal PEPT1 peptide transporter. Pharm Res. 1998 Aug;15(8):1154-9. - Pubmed
  • Balimane PV, Tamai I, Guo A, Nakanishi T, Kitada H, Leibach FH, Tsuji A, Sinko PJ: Direct evidence for peptide transporter (PepT1)-mediated uptake of a nonpeptide prodrug, valacyclovir. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 18;250(2):246-51. - Pubmed
  • Sawada K, Terada T, Saito H, Hashimoto Y, Inui KI: Recognition of L-amino acid ester compounds by rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):705-9. - Pubmed
  • Balimane P, Sinko P: Effect of ionization on the variable uptake of valacyclovir via the human intestinal peptide transporter (hPepT1) in CHO cells. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2000 Jul;21(5):165-74. - Pubmed
  • Guo A, Hu P, Balimane PV, Leibach FH, Sinko PJ: Interactions of a nonpeptidic drug, valacyclovir, with the human intestinal peptide transporter (hPEPT1) expressed in a mammalian cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Apr;289(1):448-54. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6501
Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Gene Name SLC15A2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Wang H, Ganapathy V, Leibach FH: Valacyclovir: a substrate for the intestinal and renal peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):470-5. - Pubmed
  • Sawada K, Terada T, Saito H, Hashimoto Y, Inui KI: Recognition of L-amino acid ester compounds by rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):705-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6376
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Gene Name SLC22A8
Actions substrate
References
  • Takeda M, Khamdang S, Narikawa S, Kimura H, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal antiviral transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):918-24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3734
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Gene Name SLC22A6
Actions Not Available
References
  • Wada S, Tsuda M, Sekine T, Cha SH, Kimura M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Rat multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) transports zidovudine, acyclovir, and other antiviral nucleoside analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):844-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5044
Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+)
Name Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+)
Gene Name SLC6A14
Actions Not Available
References
  • Umapathy NS, Ganapathy V, Ganapathy ME: Transport of amino acid esters and the amino-acid-based prodrug valganciclovir by the amino acid transporter ATB(0,+). Pharm Res. 2004 Jul;21(7):1303-10. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4233
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter
Name Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter
Gene Name SLC10A2
Actions Not Available
References
  • Tolle-Sander S, Lentz KA, Maeda DY, Coop A, Polli JE: Increased acyclovir oral bioavailability via a bile acid conjugate. Mol Pharm. 2004 Jan 12;1(1):40-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3265

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.9394
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.9394
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.9394
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.9394
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.9394
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.9394
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.9394
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.5299
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.5299
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.5299
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.5299
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.1808
633 Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B pbpA 0.1202
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.1199
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.1153
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.1111
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.1065
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.1039
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0908
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0892
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0863
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0784
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0741
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0683
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.065
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.064
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.062
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0597
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0597
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0597
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0597
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0591
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0534
3671 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase hdhA 0.0517
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0516
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0513
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0513
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0478
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0471
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0471
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0471
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0471
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.046
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0459
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.045
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0443
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0419
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0412
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0393
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0382
1385 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 0.035
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.031
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0296
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0291
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0276
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.027
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0268
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.026
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0252
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0248
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0246
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0239
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0236
686 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 AKR1C2 0.0236
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0235
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0235
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6067 Penicillin binding protein 2a mecA 0.0233
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.023
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0218
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0217
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0217
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0216
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0207
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0203
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0203
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0202
2544 Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase Not Available 0.0198
2016 Dipeptidase 1 DPEP1 0.0197
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0191
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0191
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.019
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.019
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0189
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0189
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0189
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0189
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0189
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0182
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.018
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0176
22 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0173
6714 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0173
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0168
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0165
140 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0163
6719 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0163
6725 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0163
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.0161
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0153
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0153
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0151
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0151
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.015
2261 Major NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase Not Available 0.0149
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0149
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0149
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0149
3060 Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase LTA4H 0.0149
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0147
4252 Penicillin-binding protein 5 dacA 0.0146
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0146
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0145
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.0141
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.014
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.014
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.014
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0139
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0139
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0138
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0137
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0137
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0133
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0131
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.013
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0129
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0129
7154 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0129
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0129
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0129
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0129
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.0127
3760 Penicillin-binding protein 5 precursor dacA 0.0125
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0123
5849 cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit PRKAR1A 0.0123
308 30S ribosomal protein S12 rpsL 0.0122
6704 30S ribosomal protein S12 rpsL 0.0122
438 Taste receptor type 1 member 2 TAS1R2 0.0122
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0122
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.012
4094 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor, subunit 2 GABBR2 0.0119
6184 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dacC dacC 0.0119
1141 Sialidase-1 NEU1 0.0117
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0117
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0111
3686 Acyl-CoA thioesterase I precursor tesA 0.0111
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.011
4790 Glycosyltransferase GtfA gtfA 0.011
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0108
421 Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand CAMLG 0.0107
3868 Calcineurin subunit B isoform 2 PPP3R2 0.0107
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0107
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0106
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.0103
3936 Thymidine phosphorylase TYMP 0.0103
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.0103
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.01
887 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0099
4150 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0099
6225 DNA gyrase subunit B gyrB 0.0099
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0098
1558 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 TRPV1 0.0095
240 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor, subunit 1 GABBR1 0.0093
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0092
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0092
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0092
2391 Ferrochelatase hemH 0.0092
6502 Ferrochelatase DKFZp686P18130 0.0092
1591 Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial FECH 0.0092
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0091
5353 Glutamate decarboxylase alpha gadA 0.0091
5482 Sialidase-2 NEU2 0.0091
1244 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 LRP2 0.009
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.009
889 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1 fabB 0.0084
6860 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1 kasA 0.0084
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0083
6113 MecA PBP2' (penicillin binding protein 2') mecA 0.0082
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0082
6126 Carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 0.0082
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0079
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0079
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0079
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0079
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0079
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0079
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0079
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0079
6493 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C COX6C 0.0078
6499 Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A1, mitochondrial COX7A1 0.0078
6496 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial COX8A 0.0078
6491 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial COX5A 0.0078
6495 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial COX7C 0.0078
6494 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial COX7B 0.0078
6498 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 COX6B1 0.0078
6497 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial COX6A2 0.0078
6489 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial COX4I1 0.0078
5793 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 MT-CO2 0.0078
6559 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0078
6669 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0078
6490 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 MT-CO3 0.0078
371 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 MT-CO1 0.0078
6558 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ctaD 0.0078
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0076
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0076
2320 Thymidine kinase, cytosolic TK1 0.0074
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0074
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0074
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0073
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0073
342 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0073
612 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0073
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0073
2540 Choloylglycine hydrolase cbh 0.0072
3806 cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE2A 0.0071
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0071
3688 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase ilvE 0.0069
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0069
1867 Major prion protein PRNP 0.0067
6501 Fatty acid-binding protein, liver FABP1 0.0067
3685 Catabolite gene activator crp 0.0065
4655 Adenylate cyclase cyaC 0.0064
4759 Adenylate cyclase cyaB2 0.0064
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0064
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0064
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0063
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0063
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0061
130 Prostacyclin synthase PTGIS 0.0061
933 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src SRC 0.0059
6207 30S ribosomal protein S14 rpsN 0.0058
6209 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0058
6712 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0058
6726 30S ribosomal protein S19 rpsS 0.0058
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0058
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0056
2249 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0056
2671 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0056
5490 Aspartate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0056
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0056
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.0055
4760 Mll3241 protein mll3241 0.0055
466 Solute carrier family 12 member 3 SLC12A3 0.0055
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0055
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0055
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0053
253 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain FXYD2 0.0051
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0051
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0051
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.005
40 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase RAF1 0.005
1198 Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 PON1 0.005
6223 Penicillin-binding protein 1C pbpC 0.005
527 Prostacyclin receptor PTGIR 0.005
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.005
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0049
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.0049
277 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase PNP 0.0049
2870 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0049
2945 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0049
4659 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TM_1596 0.0049
4825 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TTHA1435 0.0049
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0048
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0048
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0048
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0047
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0047
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0047
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0047
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0047
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0047
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0045
1654 Interleukin-1 beta IL1B 0.0045
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0045
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0045
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0044
6339 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Not Available 0.0044
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0044
698 B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF 0.0043
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0043
5698 Riboflavin synthase alpha chain ribE 0.0043
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0042
53 Solute carrier family 12 member 5 SLC12A5 0.0042
663 Solute carrier family 12 member 4 SLC12A4 0.0042
408 Riboflavin kinase RFK 0.0041
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0039
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0039
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0038
494 Caspase-1 CASP1 0.0037
2472 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0037
6366 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0037
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0036
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0036
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0036
293 Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase GGH 0.0036
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0035
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0035
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0035
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0035
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0035
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0035
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0034
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0034
4217 Telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT 0.0033
6122 Carbonic anhydrase 3 CA3 0.0033
3007 Carbonic anhydrase 12 CA12 0.0033
4205 Carbonic anhydrase 9 CA9 0.0033
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0032
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0032
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0031
2077 Caspase-3 CASP3 0.0031
819 Penicillin-binding protein 4 dacB 0.003
654 Flavin reductase BLVRB 0.0029
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0029
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0029
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0028
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0028
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0028
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0028
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0028
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0027
5126 Arginase rocF 0.0027
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0027
1025 Aquaporin-1 AQP1 0.0027
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0027
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0026
87 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase HPRT1 0.0026
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0026
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0026
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0025
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0025
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0025
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0025
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0025
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0025
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0025
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0024
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0024
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0023
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.0023
624 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase GAMT 0.0022
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.0022
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0022
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0022
3014 Ribonuclease UK114 HRSP12 0.0022
3718 Hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes activator oxyR 0.0022
3617 Non-heme chloroperoxidase cpo 0.0022
5426 Non-heme chloroperoxidase cpo 0.0022
5428 Replication protein repA 0.0022
5427 Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase chqB 0.0022
3018 HTH-type transcriptional regulator malT malT 0.0022
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0022
1196 Complement decay-accelerating factor CD55 0.0021
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0021
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0021
718 Folate receptor gamma FOLR3 0.0021
299 Folate receptor beta FOLR2 0.0021
804 Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier SLC25A32 0.0021
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0021
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0021
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0021
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0021
5818 Folate receptor alpha FOLR1 0.002
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.002
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.002
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.002
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.002
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.002
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.002
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.002
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.002
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.002
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.002
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.0019
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0019
2958 Probable tautomerase ydcE pptA 0.0019
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.0019
2573 Cocaine esterase cocE 0.0019
7263 Cocaine esterase Not Available 0.0019
2808 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 3 cat3 0.0019
2936 Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase nfnB 0.0019
5184 Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase nfnB 0.0019
3115 Ras-related protein Rab-9 RAB9A 0.0019
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0018
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0018
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0018
3603 Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase clcA 0.0018
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0018
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0017
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0017
2417 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cat 0.0017
3278 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cat 0.0017
2810 Dr hemagglutinin structural subunit draA 0.0017
2718 Chloramphenicol 3-O phosphotransferase Not Available 0.0017
6179 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 UGT2B17 0.0017
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0017
1119 Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial PRDX5 0.0016
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0016
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0016
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0016
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0016
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0016
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0016
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0016
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0016
459 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA 0.0016
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0015
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0015
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0015
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0015
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0015
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0015
2693 Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain eltB 0.0014
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0014
4674 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase cumD 0.0014
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0014
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0014
2287 Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase ATIC 0.0014
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0014
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0013
4010 Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier SLC25A10 0.0013
1410 Oxidoreductase HSD17B6 0.0013
4725 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.0013
5124 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.0013
4007 Succinate receptor 1 SUCNR1 0.0013
4008 Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial OXCT2 0.0013
4002 Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial SUCLG1 0.0013
673 Solute carrier family 13 member 3 SLC13A3 0.0013
391 Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] beta-chain, mitochondrial SUCLG2 0.0013
4009 Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP-forming] beta-chain, mitochondrial SUCLA2 0.0013
498 Solute carrier family 13 member 2 SLC13A2 0.0013
25 Solute carrier family 13 member 1 SLC13A1 0.0013
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0013
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0012
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.0012
4003 Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial OXCT1 0.0012
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0012
6124 Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial CA5B 0.0011
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0011
3940 Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase BBOX1 0.0011
97 Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 PLOD1 0.0011
3938 Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 PLOD3 0.0011
3964 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial TMLHE 0.0011
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0011
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0011
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0011
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0011
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0011
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0011
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0011
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0011
4006 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial SDHC 0.0011
4001 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial SDHB 0.0011
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0011
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.001
70 Type-1 angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 0.001
997 Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB 0.001
3999 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial SDHD 0.001
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.001
197 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial SDHA 0.001
6123 Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial CA5A 0.001
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.001
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.001
1970 Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA 0.001
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.001
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0009
2408 Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK SYK 0.0009
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0008
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0007
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0007
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0007
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0006
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0006
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