DT-Web

DB00406 - Gentian Violet


Identification
Name Gentian Violet
Accession Number DB00406 (APRD00998)
Type small molecule
Description A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 372.5258
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 372.243972975
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections inside the mouth (thrush) and skin, also for the prevention of transmission of Chagas' disease (as a blood additive).
Mechanism of action In aqueous solutions Gentian violet (GV) dissociates into positive (GV+)and negative ions (Cl-) that penetrate through the wall and membrane of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells. The GV+ interacts with negatively charged components of bacterial cells including the lipopolysaccharide (on the cell wall), the peptidoglycan and DNA. A similar cell penetration and DNA binding process is thought to take place for fungal cells as well. Because Gentian violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, cell growth is consequently inhibited. A photodynamic action of gentian violet, apparently mediated by a free-radical mechanism, has recently been described in bacteria and in the protozoan T. cruzi. Evidence also suggests that gentian violet dissipates the bacterial (and mitochondrial) membrane potential by inducing permeability. This is followed by respiratory inhibition. This anti-mitochondrial activity might explain gentian violet's efficacy towards both bacteria and yeast with relatively mild effects on mammalian cells.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Primarily hepatic, mostly demethylation
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity LD50=420 mg/kg (rat, oral). Oral administration can cause gastrointestinal irritation, and intravenous injection can cause depression in the white blood cell count.
Affected organisms
  • Yeast and other fungi
  • Bacteria and protozoa
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action yes
Actions intercalation
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Docampo R, Moreno SN: The metabolism and mode of action of gentian violet. Drug Metab Rev. 1990;22(2-3):161-78. - Pubmed
  • Si WH, Zi YQ: [Studies on the interaction between RNA with methyl violet and determination of RNA by spectrophotometry]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2005 Nov;25(11):1846-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Transporters


Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Gene Name SLC22A1
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH, Wright SH: Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCT1. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;63(3):489-98. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.1819

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0608
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0289
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0266
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0264
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0256
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0234
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0214
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0186
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0181
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0148
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0141
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0128
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0128
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0125
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0125
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0124
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0116
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0113
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0111
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0108
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0107
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0102
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0097
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0097
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0097
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0097
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0093
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0092
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0092
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.009
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0088
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0087
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0086
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0083
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0083
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0082
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0081
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.008
3704 Spermidine/putrescine-binding periplasmic protein precursor potD 0.0077
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0073
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0073
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0073
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0073
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0073
6010 Thiamine transporter 1 SLC19A2 0.0073
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0072
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0069
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0069
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0069
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0068
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0068
3560 Gentamicin 3'-acetyltransferase aacC1 0.0067
175 Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1 TPK1 0.0066
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0065
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0064
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0063
281 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 PRKAB1 0.0063
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0061
748 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 PRKAA1 0.0059
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0058
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0057
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0056
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0056
3610 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic TXNRD1 0.0054
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0053
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0053
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0053
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0052
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0049
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0048
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0048
731 HIV-1 protease HIV-1 protease 0.0047
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0045
303 Diamine acetyltransferase 2 SAT2 0.0045
623 Spermine oxidase SMOX 0.0045
1317 Spermine synthase SMS 0.0045
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0044
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0044
3755 Nucleoside-specific channel-forming protein tsx precursor tsx 0.0043
6070 Nischarin NISCH 0.0041
123 Diamine acetyltransferase 1 SAT1 0.004
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.004
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.004
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.004
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0039
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0039
694 Matrix protein 2 M 0.0039
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0039
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0039
2472 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0038
6366 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0038
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0037
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0036
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0036
1830 5'-nucleotidase NT5E 0.0035
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0035
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0034
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0034
125 DNA polymerase beta POLB 0.0034
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0034
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0034
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.0034
2251 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0033
2254 Thymidylate kinase DTYMK 0.0033
3522 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0033
3478 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0032
4277 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0032
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0032
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0032
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0032
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0032
2257 Uridine phosphorylase udp 0.0031
5132 Uridine phosphorylase udp 0.0031
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0031
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0031
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0031
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0031
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0031
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0031
749 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, neuronal ACCN1 0.003
3611 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.003
3707 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.003
4211 Cytidine deaminase CDA 0.003
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.003
5126 Arginase rocF 0.0029
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0029
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0029
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0029
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0028
1341 Histamine H3 receptor HRH3 0.0028
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0027
387 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0027
7187 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0027
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0027
827 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 SLC9A1 0.0027
6111 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 4 POLE4 0.0027
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0027
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0027
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0027
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0027
6112 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3 POLE3 0.0027
213 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha SCNN1A 0.0026
6108 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B RRM2B 0.0026
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0026
550 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit delta SCNN1D 0.0026
27 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta SCNN1B 0.0026
552 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma SCNN1G 0.0026
6110 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 POLE2 0.0026
6109 DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A POLE 0.0026
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.0026
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0026
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0026
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0025
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0025
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0024
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0023
624 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase GAMT 0.0023
4218 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit RRM2 0.0023
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0023
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0022
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0022
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0022
4203 Histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT 0.0021
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0021
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0021
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.002
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.002
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.002
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.002
342 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.002
612 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.002
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.002
603 DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit POLA1 0.002
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0019
6432 Transporter snf 0.0019
360 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit RRM1 0.0019
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0019
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0019
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0019
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0018
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0018
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.0017
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.0017
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0017
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0017
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0017
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0017
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0017
1074 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator PLAU 0.0017
3929 Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase PHOSPHO1 0.0016
264 Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta CHKB 0.0016
3933 Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase CEPT1 0.0016
1686 Choline transporter-like protein 1 SLC44A1 0.0016
3926 Choline transporter-like protein 2 SLC44A2 0.0016
861 Choline kinase alpha CHKA 0.0016
3927 Choline transporter-like protein 3 SLC44A3 0.0016
769 High-affinity choline transporter 1 SLC5A7 0.0016
700 Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial CHDH 0.0016
549 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PCYT1B 0.0016
3925 Choline transporter-like protein 4 SLC44A4 0.0016
576 Choline O-acetyltransferase CHAT 0.0016
3922 Phospholipase D2 PLD2 0.0016
3924 Phospholipase D1 PLD1 0.0016
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0016
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0016
1864 RET proto-oncogene RET 0.0015
277 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase PNP 0.0015
2870 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0015
2945 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0015
4659 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TM_1596 0.0015
4825 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TTHA1435 0.0015
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0015
1950 Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 DDR1 0.0015
6094 BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9 BCR/ABL fusion 0.0015
6170 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 ABCA3 0.0015
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0015
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0015
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0014
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0014
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0014
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0014
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.0014
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.0014
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0014
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0013
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0013
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0013
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0013
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.0013
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0013
1618 High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NTRK1 0.0013
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0012
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.0012
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0012
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.0012
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0012
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.0012
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0012
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0012
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0012
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0012
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0011
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0011
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0011
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0011
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0011
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0011
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0011
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0011
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0011
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0011
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0011
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.001
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.001
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.001
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.001
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.001
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.001
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0009
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0009
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0009
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0009
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0009
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0009
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0009
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0009
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0009
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0009
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0008
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0008
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0008
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0007
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0007
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0007
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.0007
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0007
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0007
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0007
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.0007
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0007
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0007
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0007
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0007
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0007
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0007
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0007
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0007
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0007
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0007
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0007
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0007
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0007
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0007
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0007
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0006
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0006
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0006
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0006
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0006
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0006
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0006
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0006
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0006
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0006
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0005
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