DT-Web

DB00120 - L-Phenylalanine


Identification
Name L-Phenylalanine
Accession Number DB00120 (NUTR00044)
Type small molecule
Description An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin; dopamine; noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 165.1891
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 165.078978601
Pharmacology
Indication L-phenylalanine may be helpful in some with depression. It may also be useful in the treatment of vitiligo. There is some evidence that L-phenylalanine may exacerbate tardive dyskinesia in some schizophrenic patients and in some who have used neuroleptic drugs.
Mechanism of action The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's putative antidepressant activity may be accounted for by its precursor role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects.
The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's possible antivitiligo activity is not well understood. It is thought that L-phenylalanine may stimulate the production of melanin in the affected skin
Absorption Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium dependent active transport process.
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic. L-phenylalanine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it undergoes metabolic reactions similar to those that take place in the liver.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity L-phenylalanine will exacerbate symptoms of phenylketonuria if used by phenylketonurics. L-phenylalanine was reported to exacerbate tardive dyskinesia when used by some with schizophrenia.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Tyrosine aminotransferase
Name Tyrosine aminotransferase
Gene Name TAT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Luong TN, Kirsch JF: A continuous coupled spectrophotometric assay for tyrosine aminotransferase activity with aromatic and other nonpolar amino acids. Anal Biochem. 1997 Nov 1;253(1):46-9. - Pubmed
  • Rege AA: Purification and characterization of a tyrosine aminotransferase from Crithidia fasciculata. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1987 Aug;25(1):1-9. - Pubmed
  • De-Eknamkul W, Ellis BE: Behavior of Free Aromatic Amino Acid Pools in Rosmarinic Acid-Producing Cell Cultures of Anchusa officinalis L. Plant Physiol. 1989 Feb;89(2):429-433. - Pubmed
  • Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat microglia cultures. J Neurochem. 2001 Apr;77(2):399-407. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6724
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
Name Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
Gene Name SLC7A8
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Shennan DB, Calvert DT, Travers MT, Kudo Y, Boyd CA: A study of L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and L-alanine transport in the perfused rat mammary gland: possible involvement of LAT1 and LAT2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 19;1564(1):133-9. - Pubmed
  • Rossier G, Meier C, Bauch C, Summa V, Sordat B, Verrey F, Kuhn LC: LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34948-54. - Pubmed
  • Babu E, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim DK, Iribe Y, Tangtrongsup S, Jutabha P, Li Y, Ahmed N, Sakamoto S, Anzai N, Nagamori S, Endou H: Identification of a novel system L amino acid transporter structurally distinct from heterodimeric amino acid transporters. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 31;278(44):43838-45. Epub 2003 Aug 20. - Pubmed
  • Satoh S, Kimura T, Toda M, Maekawa M, Ono S, Narita H, Miyazaki H, Murayama T, Nomura Y: Involvement of L-type-like amino acid transporters in S-nitrosocysteine-stimulated noradrenaline release in the rat hippocampus. J Neurochem. 1997 Nov;69(5):2197-205. - Pubmed
  • Nemoto T, Shimma N, Horie S, Saito T, Okuma Y, Nomura Y, Murayama T: Involvement of the system L amino acid transporter on uptake of S-nitroso-L-cysteine, an endogenous S-nitrosothiol, in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 1;458(1-2):17-24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7064
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain
Name Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain
Gene Name FARSA
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Kodama K, Fukuzawa S, Sakamoto K, Nakayama H, Kigawa T, Yabuki T, Matsuda N, Shirouzu M, Takio K, Tachibana K, Yokoyama S: A new protein engineering approach combining chemistry and biology, part I; site-specific incorporation of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine in vitro by using misacylated suppressor tRNAPhe. Chembiochem. 2006 Oct;7(10):1577-81. - Pubmed
  • Kotik-Kogan O, Moor N, Tworowski D, Safro M: Structural basis for discrimination of L-phenylalanine from L-tyrosine by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Structure. 2005 Dec;13(12):1799-807. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8601
Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase
Name Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase
Gene Name PAH
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Thorolfsson M, Ibarra-Molero B, Fojan P, Petersen SB, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Martinez A: L-phenylalanine binding and domain organization in human phenylalanine hydroxylase: a differential scanning calorimetry study. Biochemistry. 2002 Jun 18;41(24):7573-85. - Pubmed
  • Pueschel SM, Boylan J, Ellenbogen R: Studies on experimentally induced hyperphenylalaninemia. J Ment Defic Res. 1988 Aug;32 ( Pt 4):309-19. - Pubmed
  • Nagasaki Y, Matsubara Y, Takano H, Fujii K, Senoo M, Akanuma J, Takahashi K, Kure S, Hara M, Kanegae Y, Saito I, Narisawa K: Reversal of hypopigmentation in phenylketonuria mice by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Pediatr Res. 1999 Apr;45(4 Pt 1):465-73. - Pubmed
  • Fusetti F, Erlandsen H, Flatmark T, Stevens RC: Structure of tetrameric human phenylalanine hydroxylase and its implications for phenylketonuria. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):16962-7. - Pubmed
  • Stokka AJ, Flatmark T: Substrate-induced conformational transition in human phenylalanine hydroxylase as studied by surface plasmon resonance analyses: the effect of terminal deletions, substrate analogues and phosphorylation. Biochem J. 2003 Feb 1;369(Pt 3):509-18. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0648
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
Name Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
Gene Name FARS2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Kodama K, Fukuzawa S, Sakamoto K, Nakayama H, Kigawa T, Yabuki T, Matsuda N, Shirouzu M, Takio K, Tachibana K, Yokoyama S: A new protein engineering approach combining chemistry and biology, part I; site-specific incorporation of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine in vitro by using misacylated suppressor tRNAPhe. Chembiochem. 2006 Oct;7(10):1577-81. - Pubmed
  • Kotik-Kogan O, Moor N, Tworowski D, Safro M: Structural basis for discrimination of L-phenylalanine from L-tyrosine by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Structure. 2005 Dec;13(12):1799-807. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8601
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain
Name Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain
Gene Name FARSB
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Kotik-Kogan O, Moor N, Tworowski D, Safro M: Structural basis for discrimination of L-phenylalanine from L-tyrosine by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Structure. 2005 Dec;13(12):1799-807. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.86
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Name Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Gene Name TH
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions binder
References
  • Fukami MH, Haavik J, Flatmark T: Phenylalanine as substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):525-8. - Pubmed
  • Ogawa S, Ichinose H: Effect of metals and phenylalanine on the activity of human tryptophan hydroxylase-2: comparison with that on tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jul 3;401(3):261-5. Epub 2006 Apr 11. - Pubmed
  • Schallreuter KU, Kothari S, Hasse S, Kauser S, Lindsey NJ, Gibbons NC, Hibberts N, Wood JM: In situ and in vitro evidence for DCoH/HNF-1 alpha transcription of tyrosinase in human skin melanocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Feb 7;301(2):610-6. - Pubmed
  • McQuade PS, Juorio AV: The effect of various amino acids and drugs on the para- and meta-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in the mouse caudate nucleus. Neurochem Res. 1983 Jul;8(7):903-12. - Pubmed
  • Fusetti F, Erlandsen H, Flatmark T, Stevens RC: Structure of tetrameric human phenylalanine hydroxylase and its implications for phenylketonuria. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):16962-7. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.3336

Transporters


Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Name Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Gene Name SLC16A10
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. - Pubmed
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7268

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 1.0648
6602 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain pheS 0.8601
6603 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain pheT 0.86
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.6724
399 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial YARS2 0.1477
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.1468
5666 Parathyroid hormone PTH 0.1158
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.1068
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0961
6556 Elongation factor Tu GTP-binding domain-containing protein 1 EFTUD1 0.0915
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.0876
2675 Pteridine reductase 1 PTR1 0.0816
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0813
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0802
2360 Dihydroneopterin aldolase folB 0.0684
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0449
1566 Corticoliberin CRH 0.0413
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0398
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.034
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0337
532 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 0.0335
4070 Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial AARS2 0.0334
323 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic AARS 0.0334
169 Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial NFS1 0.033
349 Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase AGXT 0.0322
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0318
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0318
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0311
3899 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2 AGXT2L2 0.0305
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0299
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0296
2532 Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase panC 0.0285
435 Kynureninase KYNU 0.0284
4654 Kynureninase kynU 0.0284
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0281
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0259
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0245
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.0241
5925 Neuropeptide Y NPY 0.0231
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0228
593 Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 SLC36A1 0.0222
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0215
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0215
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0214
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0212
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0207
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0207
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0207
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0207
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0207
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0207
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0207
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0207
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0206
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0202
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0201
4069 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial TARS2 0.0197
261 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic TARS 0.0197
246 Valyl-tRNA synthetase VARS 0.0196
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0191
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0186
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0179
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0176
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0173
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0173
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0173
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0173
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0173
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0173
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0173
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0173
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0172
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0172
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0171
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0168
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0166
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.016
2457 Bacillolysin nprS 0.016
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.0157
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0155
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0153
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0152
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0149
815 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic HARS 0.0147
96 Histidine ammonia-lyase HAL 0.0147
6257 Histidine ammonia-lyase Not Available 0.0147
6536 Histidine ammonia-lyase hutH 0.0147
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0147
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0147
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0145
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0142
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0141
38 Cystinosin CTNS 0.0141
3998 B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A9 0.0141
1963 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT SLC3A1 0.0141
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.014
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0138
150 Cationic amino acid transporter 3 SLC7A3 0.0137
235 High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A1 0.0137
58 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 SLC7A4 0.0137
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0134
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0134
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0133
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0133
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0133
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0133
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.013
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.0125
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.0125
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.0125
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.0125
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0123
3977 ASRGL1 protein ASRGL1 0.0121
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0116
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.0111
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.011
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.011
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.011
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.011
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.011
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.011
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.011
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.011
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.011
221 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase KARS 0.0109
4092 Probable asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial NARS2 0.0107
669 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic NARS 0.0107
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0105
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0105
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0104
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0103
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0102
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0101
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.01
72 Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic SARS 0.0099
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.0097
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0097
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0097
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0097
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0097
619 Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 SLC7A2 0.0095
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0093
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0093
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0091
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.009
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.009
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0087
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0086
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0078
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0078
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0077
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0076
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0076
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0075
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0075
90 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 TPH2 0.0073
4063 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial WARS2 0.0073
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.007
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.007
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.007
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.007
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.007
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.007
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.007
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.007
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.007
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.007
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.007
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.007
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.007
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.007
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.007
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.007
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.007
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.007
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.007
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.007
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.007
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.007
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.007
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.007
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0069
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0066
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.0065
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.0065
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.0065
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0063
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0061
252 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic WARS 0.0059
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0059
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0059
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0059
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0059
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0059
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0059
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0059
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0059
3911 Uncharacterized protein C20orf38 SPTLC3 0.0057
3906 Serine dehydratase-like SDSL 0.0057
3881 Selenocysteine lyase variant Not Available 0.0057
3887 Phosphorylase PYGB 0.0057
3908 P-selectin cytoplasmic tail-associated protein pcap 0.0057
3915 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 1 CSAD 0.0057
3883 Ornithine aminotransferase variant Not Available 0.0057
306 Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PDXP 0.0057
3880 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Not Available 0.0057
3896 CDNA FLJ46802 fis, clone TRACH3032150, moderately similar to Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase GADL1 0.0057
3891 Putative L-Dopa decarboxylase DDC 0.0057
3914 Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase homolog TLH6 0.0057
3878 GAD1 protein GAD1 0.0057
3909 Hepatic peroxysomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0057
3893 DDC protein DDC 0.0057
3910 O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase SEPSECS 0.0057
855 Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 SGPL1 0.0057
3903 Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 ALAS2 0.0057
3886 Migration-inducing protein 4 ALAS1 0.0057
3894 KIAA0251 protein PDXDC1 0.0057
3875 Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form PYGB 0.0057
3882 Brain glycogen phosphorylase variant Not Available 0.0057
3905 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase MOCOS 0.0057
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0056
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0056
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0054
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0054
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0054
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0053
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0053
171 Cysteine dioxygenase CDO-1 0.0053
774 Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic CARS 0.0052
1314 Thiamine transporter 2 SLC19A3 0.0052
4064 Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial CARS2 0.0052
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0052
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0052
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0052
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0051
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.0051
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0051
3913 Glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 0.005
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.005
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.005
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.005
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0049
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0049
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0048
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0048
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0048
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0048
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0048
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0048
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0048
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0048
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0047
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0046
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0045
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0043
1999 Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase MGMT 0.0043
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0042
472 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial OAT 0.0042
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0042
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0041
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0041
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0041
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0041
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0041
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0041
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.004
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.004
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.004
203 Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase PNPO 0.004
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0039
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0038
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0037
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0036
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0035
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0035
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0035
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0035
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0035
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0035
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0035
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0035
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0035
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0035
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0034
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0034
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0034
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0034
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0034
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0033
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.0033
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0032
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0032
2632 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3323 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3975 Adenylosuccinate synthetase ADSS 0.0031
4598 Adenylosuccinate synthetase Adss 0.0031
6817 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3972 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 ADSS 0.0031
533 Aminoacylase-1 ACY1 0.0031
3969 Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole- succinocarboxamide synthase PAICS 0.0031
799 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic DARS 0.0031
209 Aspartoacylase ASPA 0.0031
3979 Aspartoacylase-2 ACY3 0.0031
3976 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial DARS2 0.0031
513 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2 SLC25A13 0.0031
305 Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier protein SLC25A13 0.0031
262 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 SLC25A12 0.0031
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0031
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0031
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.003
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.003
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.003
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0029
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0029
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0027
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0027
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0027
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0027
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0026
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0026
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0025
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0025
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0025
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0025
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0023
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0023
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0023
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0022
4058 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 GLYATL2 0.0022
4057 Glycine N-acyltransferase GLYAT 0.0022
4059 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 GLYATL1 0.0022
4056 N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 0.0022
4061 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase PIPOX 0.0022
4055 Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase BAAT 0.0022
1236 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 SLC6A9 0.0022
4062 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 SLC6A5 0.0022
4060 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1 0.0022
1088 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial ALAS2 0.0022
1466 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase GARS 0.0022
3978 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 ADSSL1 0.0021
4054 Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial GCSH 0.0017
62 Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB 0.0017
383 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial GATM 0.0016
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0016
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0016
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0014
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0014
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0013
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