DT-Web

DB04786 - Suramin


Identification
Name Suramin
Accession Number DB04786
Type small molecule
Description A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. Suramin is manufactured by Bayer in Germany as Germanin(R).
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 1297.28
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 1296.046905756
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of human sleeping sickness, onchocerciasis and other diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.
Mechanism of action The mechanism is unknown, but the trypanocidal activity may be due to the inhibition of enzymes involved with the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which functions as a co-enzyme in many cellular reactions, such as respiration and glycolysis, in the trypanosome parasite. Suramin's action in the treatment of onchocerciasis is macrofilaricidal and partially microfilaricidal. It may also act as an antagonist of P2 receptors and as an agonist of Ryanodine receptors. It also can inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone receptors.
Absorption Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Protein binding Approximately 99.7%
Biotransformation Little or no metabolism
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Yeast, Molds, Trypanosomes
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


P2Y purinoceptor 2
Name P2Y purinoceptor 2
Gene Name P2RY2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Charlton SJ, Brown CA, Weisman GA, Turner JT, Erb L, Boarder MR: PPADS and suramin as antagonists at cloned P2Y- and P2U-purinoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Jun;118(3):704-10. - Pubmed
  • Bogdanov YD, Wildman SS, Clements MP, King BF, Burnstock G: Molecular cloning and characterization of rat P2Y4 nucleotide receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;124(3):428-30. - Pubmed
  • Trujillo CA, Nery AA, Martins AH, Majumder P, Gonzalez FA, Ulrich H: Inhibition mechanism of the recombinant rat P2X(2) receptor in glial cells by suramin and TNP-ATP. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 10;45(1):224-33. - Pubmed
  • Churchill GC, Louis CF: Stimulation of P2U purinergic or alpha 1A adrenergic receptors mobilizes Ca2+ in lens cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Apr;38(5):855-65. - Pubmed
  • Homma R, Kimoto T, Niimura Y, Krivosheev A, Hara T, Ohta Y, Kawato S: Real-time fluorescence analysis on molecular mechanisms for regulation of cytochrome P450scc activity upon steroidogenic stimulation in adrenocortical cells. J Inorg Biochem. 2000 Nov;82(1-4):171-80. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5657
NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5
Name NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5
Gene Name SIRT5
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Schuetz A, Min J, Antoshenko T, Wang CL, Allali-Hassani A, Dong A, Loppnau P, Vedadi M, Bochkarev A, Sternglanz R, Plotnikov AN: Structural basis of inhibition of the human NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT5 by suramin. Structure. 2007 Mar;15(3):377-89. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8909
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
Name Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
Gene Name FSHR
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • McGeary RP, Bennett AJ, Tran QB, Cosgrove KL, Ross BP: Suramin: clinical uses and structure-activity relationships. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008 Nov;8(13):1384-94. - Pubmed
  • Bose CK: Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) antagonist and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). J Exp Ther Oncol. 2007;6(3):201-4. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.6122
Ryanodine receptor 1
Name Ryanodine receptor 1
Gene Name RYR1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions agonist
References
  • Wolner I, Kassack MU, Ullmann H, Karel A, Hohenegger M: Use-dependent inhibition of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by the suramin analogue NF676. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;146(4):525-33. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6502
Prothrombin
Name Prothrombin
Gene Name F2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Monteiro RQ, Campana PT, Melo PA, Bianconi ML: Suramin interaction with human alpha-thrombin: inhibitory effects and binding studies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;36(10):2077-85. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.7758
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated
Name Phospholipase A2, membrane associated
Gene Name PLA2G2A
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Murakami MT, Arruda EZ, Melo PA, Martinez AB, Calil-Elias S, Tomaz MA, Lomonte B, Gutierrez JM, Arni RK: Inhibition of myotoxic activity of Bothrops asper myotoxin II by the anti-trypanosomal drug suramin. J Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 15;350(3):416-26. - Pubmed
  • Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.3769
Complement control protein
Name Complement control protein
Gene Name C3L
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Ganesh VK, Muthuvel SK, Smith SA, Kotwal GJ, Murthy KH: Structural basis for antagonism by suramin of heparin binding to vaccinia complement protein. Biochemistry. 2005 Aug 16;44(32):10757-65. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7382

Enzymes


Arylsulfatase A
Name Arylsulfatase A
Gene Name ARSA
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Constantopoulos G, Rees S, Cragg BG, Barranger JA, Brady RO: Effect of suramin on the activities of degradative enzymes of sphingolipids in rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1981 Apr;32(1):87-97. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2595
Cytosolic phospholipase A2
Name Cytosolic phospholipase A2
Gene Name PLA2G4A
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Vieira DS, Aragao EA, Lourenzoni MR, Ward RJ: Mapping of suramin binding sites on the group IIA human secreted phospholipase A2. Bioorg Chem. 2009 Apr;37(2):41-5. Epub 2009 Feb 3. - Pubmed
  • Aragao EA, Chioato L, Ferreira TL, de Medeiros AI, Secatto A, Faccioli LH, Ward RJ: Suramin inhibits macrophage activation by human group IIA phospholipase A2, but does not affect bactericidal activity of the enzyme. Inflamm Res. 2009 Apr;58(4):210-7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6292

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
148 Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor LHCGR 0.3263
1943 Hepatocyte growth factor HGF 0.277
2805 Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1 HS3ST3A1 0.2307
2466 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase yopH yopH 0.2217
760 Fibroblast growth factor 1 FGF1 0.1885
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.119
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.1169
3176 Trypsin-1 PRSS1 0.1044
1525 Heparin-binding growth factor 2 FGF2 0.0807
1193 Proteinase-activated receptor 1 F2R 0.0777
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0609
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.054
2421 Signal peptidase I lepB 0.0522
3404 Exotoxin A eta 0.0511
708 Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein TTPA 0.0483
4593 ADP compounds hydrolase nudE nudE 0.047
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0448
473 L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain LDHA 0.0432
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0432
2460 ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase nudF 0.041
4349 ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase ndx4 0.041
3725 Lactaldehyde reductase fucO 0.0409
3108 CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase rfbG 0.0409
2290 ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 BST1 0.0407
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0394
2344 Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase A rsuA 0.0389
3706 Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase A rsuA 0.0389
3677 Penicillin-insensitive murein endopeptidase precursor mepA 0.0389
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0384
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0383
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0377
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0377
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0377
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0377
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0377
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0377
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0377
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0377
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0377
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0377
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0377
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0377
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0377
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0368
1074 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator PLAU 0.0362
3126 Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 PARP1 0.0357
6790 Elongation factor 2 EEF2 0.0356
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0355
599 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH 0.035
4426 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.035
4454 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.035
4489 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.035
2769 P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase pobA 0.0341
2809 P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase pobA 0.0341
588 Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 CHD1 0.033
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0327
6116 Gastric triacylglycerol lipase LIPF 0.0301
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0289
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0285
1295 Fatty acid synthase FASN 0.028
754 Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase PNLIP 0.0268
3823 Cytokine receptor common gamma chain IL2RG 0.0254
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0246
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0245
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0233
4132 Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka CLCNKA 0.0225
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0223
724 Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain IL2RA 0.0221
717 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta IL2RB 0.0221
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0219
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0214
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0213
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.0212
1770 Phospholipase C PLCL1 0.0206
2841 Phospholipase C plc 0.0206
1759 85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 PLA2G6 0.0206
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0195
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0191
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0179
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.0175
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0173
369 Coagulation factor VII F7 0.0173
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0171
3119 Fimbrial protein pilE1 0.0168
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0161
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.015
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0148
4203 Histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT 0.0143
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0137
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.013
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0126
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0126
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0125
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0123
6564 Prephenate dehydrogenase tyrA 0.0122
6240 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 PIN1 0.0122
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0118
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0117
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0112
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0105
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0104
2331 HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacR qacR 0.01
6461 HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacR qacR 0.01
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0098
6828 TetR family transcriptional repressor LfrR lfrR 0.0095
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0093
3384 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF 0.009
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.009
19 Coagulation factor VIII F8 0.0083
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0083
798 Osteocalcin BGLAP 0.008
3831 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 LRP1 0.0075
3851 Serine protease hepsin HPN 0.0071
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0064
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0063
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0055
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0052
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.005
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0049
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0049
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0047
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0045
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0045
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0045
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0042
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0041
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0041
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0039
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0039
1547 Coagulation factor XI F11 0.0039
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0039
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0037
1959 Platelet factor 4 PF4 0.0035
3865 Serpin B6 SERPINB6 0.0035
1986 Ceruloplasmin CP 0.0035
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0035
1245 Vitamin K-dependent protein S PROS1 0.0035
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0033
4472 Glucose 1-dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0033
4456 Inorganic polyphosphate/ATP-NAD kinase ppnK 0.0033
4428 Redox-sensing transcriptional repressor rex rex 0.0033
4414 Dehydrogenase TT_P0035 0.0033
4505 Cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase bphB 0.0033
4443 Quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase ydiB 0.0033
4435 L-aspartate dehydrogenase nadX 0.0033
4500 L-lactate dehydrogenase 2 ldh2 0.0033
4447 Hypothetical protein yhfP yhfP 0.0033
4423 Levodione reductase lvr 0.0033
2350 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase leuB 0.0033
3092 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase leuB 0.0033
4418 AGR_L_3209p AGR_L_3209 0.0033
4507 Alanine dehydrogenase ald 0.0033
4455 Glycerol dehydrogenase gldA 0.0033
4449 ADP-ribosyltransferase Not Available 0.0033
4506 Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase-related protein TM_1419 0.0033
3735 NAD(P) transhydrogenase subunit alpha part 1 pntAA 0.0033
4502 Formate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0033
180 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase PHGDH 0.0033
3726 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase serA 0.0033
4291 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase serA 0.0033
4336 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0033
4436 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase tthHB8IM 0.0033
4487 Transcriptional regulator nadR nadR 0.0033
4495 3-oxoacyl-(Acyl carrier protein) reductase TM_1169 0.0033
4446 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase Not Available 0.0033
4451 Vip2Ac vip2Ac 0.0033
4497 Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase xylB 0.0033
4467 Alpha-glucosidase, putative TM_0752 0.0033
4448 L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0033
3381 Alcohol dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0033
4508 Alcohol dehydrogenase adhA 0.0033
4471 CDP-D-glucose-4,6-dehydratase ascB 0.0033
4475 Hypothetical protein Rv0046c/MT0052 ino1 0.0033
4466 Glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase fdhA 0.0033
3729 Citrate synthase gltA 0.0033
4575 Citrate synthase cit 0.0033
4580 Citrate synthase gltA 0.0033
3842 Multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2 MCFD2 0.0033
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0033
3841 ERGIC-53 protein LMAN1 0.0033
3840 Asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 ASGR2 0.0033
1847 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein HSPA5 0.0033
1635 von Willebrand factor VWF 0.0033
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0031
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0031
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0031
3833 Plasma serine protease inhibitor SERPINA5 0.0031
2072 Endothelial protein C receptor PROCR 0.0031
46 Coagulation factor V F5 0.0031
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0031
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0029
3671 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase hdhA 0.0029
3087 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase nadD 0.0029
4469 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase nadD 0.0029
4503 NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase frp 0.0029
3615 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase dapB 0.0029
3618 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase dapB 0.0029
4462 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase dapB 0.0029
2831 3-alpha-(or 20-beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0029
3059 3-alpha-(or 20-beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase fabG3 0.0029
2967 CDP-paratose 2-epimerase rfbE 0.0029
4484 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase A dkgA 0.0029
4486 Phenol 2-hydroxylase component B pheA2 0.0029
3598 dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase rfbD 0.0029
2424 L-lactate dehydrogenase ldh 0.0029
2641 L-lactate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0029
4437 L-lactate dehydrogenase ldh 0.0029
4442 L-lactate dehydrogenase ldh 0.0029
2336 2,3-diketo-L-gulonate reductase dlgD 0.0029
3401 D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0029
126 D-lactate dehydrogenase dld 0.0029
3545 D-lactate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0029
4510 D-lactate dehydrogenase ldhA 0.0029
3177 dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase rfbB 0.0029
4499 dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase rmlB 0.0029
2018 Deoxyhypusine synthase DHPS 0.0029
4482 UDP-galactose 4-epimerase galE 0.0029
6698 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4-like 2 DHRS4L2 0.0029
2538 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase bglT bglT 0.0029
4496 C-terminal-binding protein 1 CTBP1 0.0029
2393 Maltose-6'-phosphate glucosidase glvA 0.0029
4450 Iota toxin component Ia Not Available 0.0029
4509 Acetoin(diacetyl) reductase budC 0.0029
4477 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase lpdV 0.0029
5077 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0029
5117 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase lpd 0.0029
2881 Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase prr 0.0029
2591 Urocanate hydratase hutU 0.0029
2507 Diphtheria toxin Not Available 0.0029
1199 GPI-linked NAD(P)(+)--arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 ART1 0.0029
4427 TDP-glucose-4,6-dehydratase desIV 0.0029
4498 Ornithine cyclodeaminase PP3533 0.0029
3081 3-dehydroquinate synthase aroB 0.0029
4439 Ferredoxin reductase bphA4 0.0029
1516 Calnexin CANX 0.0028
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0027
2683 Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 C3 0.0027
3736 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A gapA 0.0027
4504 WbpP Not Available 0.0027
3367 GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase algD 0.0027
4440 NADH peroxidase npr 0.0027
4343 Alpha-glucosidase aglA 0.0027
3296 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 NMNAT1 0.0027
2799 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycosomal Not Available 0.0027
711 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase UGDH 0.0027
3672 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase hasB 0.0027
4318 Siroheme synthase cysG 0.0027
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0026
792 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring ALDH3A1 0.0026
579 Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain ADH7 0.0026
316 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH9A1 0.0026
816 Biliverdin reductase A BLVRA 0.0026
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0026
2434 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0025
2910 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0025
3217 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0025
2617 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0025
2701 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0025
2826 Glucose--fructose oxidoreductase gfo 0.0025
3191 Histidinol dehydrogenase hisD 0.0025
3333 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 NMNAT3 0.0025
1799 Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase G6PD 0.0025
2630 Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase zwf 0.0025
5325 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial DECR1 0.0025
3070 Adenosylhomocysteinase AHCY 0.0025
4424 Adenosylhomocysteinase PFE1050w 0.0025
6278 Adenosylhomocysteinase ahcY 0.0025
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0025
597 Dihydropteridine reductase QDPR 0.0025
350 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 HSD17B10 0.0025
178 NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 CYB5R3 0.0025
328 Sorbitol dehydrogenase SORD 0.0025
646 Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic MDH1 0.0025
396 Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 ADH4 0.0025
812 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial DLD 0.0025
363 NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial ME3 0.0025
454 Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 HSD17B4 0.0025
63 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0024
2329 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0024
3445 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0024
4420 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0024
4438 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0024
4476 Mannitol dehydrogenase mtlD 0.0024
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0024
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0024
77 L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain LDHB 0.0024
419 Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial HADH 0.0024
12 Alcohol dehydrogenase class 3 ADH5 0.0024
327 Glutathione reductase gor 0.0024
5110 Glutathione reductase GR2 0.0024
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0024
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0023
2286 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0023
2302 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0023
2771 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] icd 0.0023
4491 DNA ligase, NAD-dependent ligA 0.0023
794 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific GAPDHS 0.0023
3839 Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal PHYH 0.0023
267 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 SERPINE1 0.0023
2762 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase GALE 0.0022
3461 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase galE 0.0022
166 NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial ME2 0.0022
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0022
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0022
6861 Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] AKR1A1 0.0022
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.002
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.002
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.002
611 Retinal dehydrogenase 1 ALDH1A1 0.002
569 Retinal dehydrogenase 2 ALDH1A2 0.002
796 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 IMPDH2 0.002
217 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 HSD17B1 0.0019
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0019
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0019
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0019
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0019
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0019
714 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial GSR 0.0018
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0017
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0017
604 Vitamin K-dependent protein Z PROZ 0.0014
4081 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 VKORC1L1 0.0014
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.001
787 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 VKORC1 0.001
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0009
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0006
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