DT-Web

DB00352 - Thioguanine


Identification
Name Thioguanine
Accession Number DB00352 (APRD00290)
Type small molecule
Description An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 167.192
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 167.026565875
Pharmacology
Indication For remission induction and remission consolidation treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias.
Mechanism of action Thioguanine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP), which reaches high intracellular concentrations at therapeutic doses. TGMP interferes with the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by its inhibition of purine biosynthesis by pseudofeedback inhibition of glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, the first enzyme unique to the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis. TGMP also inhibits the conversion of inosinic acid (IMP) to xanthylic acid (XMP) by competition for the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. Thioguanine nucleotides are incorporated into both the DNA and the RNA by phosphodiester linkages, and some studies have shown that incorporation of such false bases contributes to the cytotoxicity of thioguanine. Its tumor inhibitory properties may be due to one or more of its effects on feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis; inhibition of purine nucleotide interconversions; or incorporation into the DNA and RNA. The overall result of its action is a sequential blockade of the utilization and synthesis of the purine nucleotides.
Absorption Absorption of an oral dose is incomplete and variable, averaging approximately 30% of the administered dose (range: 14% to 46%)
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic. First converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP). TGMP is further converted to the di- and tri-phosphates, thioguanosine diphosphate (TGDP) and thioguanosine triphosphate (TGTP) by the same enzymes that metabolize guanine nucleotides.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Oral, mouse: LD50 = 160 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, malaise, hypotension, and diaphoresis.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Aminosalicylic Acid Aminosalicylic acid may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, thioguanine.
Busulfan Busulfan increases the hepatoxicity of Thioguanine during long-term concomitant therapy.
Mercaptopurine Complete cross resistance may occur.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, thioguanine.
Natalizumab The immunosuppressant, Thioguanine, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, thioguanine.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, thioguanine.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action yes
Actions intercalation
References
  • Schwartz EL, Ishiguro K, Sartorelli AC: Induction of leukemia cell differentiation by chemotherapeutic agents. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1983;21:3-20. - Pubmed
  • Riscoe MK, Brouns MC, Fitchen JH: Purine metabolism as a target for leukemia chemotherapy. Blood Rev. 1989 Sep;3(3):162-73. - Pubmed
  • Sahasranaman S, Howard D, Roy S: Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of thiopurines. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;64(8):753-67. Epub 2008 May 28. - Pubmed
  • Coulthard S, Hogarth L: The thiopurines: an update. Invest New Drugs. 2005 Dec;23(6):523-32. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Enzymes


Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Name Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Gene Name HPRT1
Actions substrate
References
  • Shivashankar K, Subbayya IN, Balaram H: Development of a bacterial screen for novel hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase substrates. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Oct;3(4):557-62. - Pubmed
  • Horikawa K, Kawaguchi T, Ishihara S, Nagakura S, Hidaka M, Kagimoto T, Mitsuya H, Nakakuma H: Frequent detection of T cells with mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2002 Jan 1;99(1):24-9. - Pubmed
  • Fuscoe JC, Zimmerman LJ, Fekete A, Setzer RW, Rossiter BJ: Analysis of X-ray-induced HPRT mutations in CHO cells: insertion and deletions. Mutat Res. 1992 Oct;269(2):171-83. - Pubmed
  • Elgemeie GH: Thioguanine, mercaptopurine: their analogs and nucleosides as antimetabolites. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(31):2627-42. - Pubmed
  • Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Kanai T, Kato T, Yatagai F, Watanabe M: Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7397

Transporters


Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
Name Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
Gene Name ABCC4
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Bai J, Lai L, Yeo HC, Goh BC, Tan TM: Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.192

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
2287 Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase ATIC 0.0822
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0486
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0479
4271 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase trpD 0.0437
2794 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase pyrE 0.0423
4269 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, putative HGPRTase 0.0388
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0381
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0358
128 Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase APRT 0.0353
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0306
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0297
4031 Glutathione S-transferase A1 GSTA1 0.0265
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0265
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0241
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0235
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0228
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0217
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0212
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.0194
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0191
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.018
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0174
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0169
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0166
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0163
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0154
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0151
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0149
2383 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
2937 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
4620 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
6594 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
6609 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
6646 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase ispF 0.0146
2757 Inorganic pyrophosphatase ppa 0.0146
6238 Inorganic pyrophosphatase ppa 0.0146
6968 Inorganic pyrophosphatase PPA1 0.0146
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0145
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0141
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.0139
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0137
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0135
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0133
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0133
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0132
2755 Hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase LACZ 0.013
4553 Bifunctional adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis protein cobU cobU 0.013
2647 RNA-directed RNA polymerase P2 0.0128
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0125
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0125
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.012
2434 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0119
2910 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0119
3217 NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase nadE 0.0119
3010 Regulatory protein blaR1 blaR1 0.0116
2149 Angiogenin ANG 0.0115
2727 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase metK 0.0112
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0112
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0112
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0112
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0112
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0112
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0111
2885 Carboxyethyl-arginine beta-lactam-synthase bls 0.011
4600 Malonamidase E2 Not Available 0.0109
2717 Folylpolyglutamate synthase fgs 0.0107
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0102
2428 Thiamine-phosphate pyrophosphorylase thiE 0.0099
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0098
6395 Myosin-14 MYH14 0.0096
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0095
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.009
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0089
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0084
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0083
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0081
1141 Sialidase-1 NEU1 0.008
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.008
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.008
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0078
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0076
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0076
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0074
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0074
1648 Elastin ELN 0.0072
342 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0072
612 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0072
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.007
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0068
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0066
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0065
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0064
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0064
5482 Sialidase-2 NEU2 0.0062
3685 Catabolite gene activator crp 0.0061
4655 Adenylate cyclase cyaC 0.0061
4759 Adenylate cyclase cyaB2 0.0061
293 Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase GGH 0.0061
695 cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A PDE10A 0.0057
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0056
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0056
686 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 AKR1C2 0.0055
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0055
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0055
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0054
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0053
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0053
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0052
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0052
4760 Mll3241 protein mll3241 0.0052
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0051
26 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 FLT4 0.0051
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.005
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.005
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.005
165 FL cytokine receptor FLT3 0.005
718 Folate receptor gamma FOLR3 0.005
299 Folate receptor beta FOLR2 0.005
804 Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier SLC25A32 0.005
5849 cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit PRKAR1A 0.0049
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0049
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0049
32 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 FLT1 0.0048
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0048
1198 Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 PON1 0.0047
6223 Penicillin-binding protein 1C pbpC 0.0047
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0047
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0046
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0044
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0042
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0041
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.004
2180 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 PDPK1 0.004
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0039
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0039
407 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 KDR 0.0039
6038 Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma PDE6H 0.0036
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0036
6037 Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma PDE6G 0.0034
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0033
4217 Telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT 0.0032
4226 Uridine phosphorylase 2 UPP2 0.0032
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.003
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.003
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.003
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.003
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.003
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.003
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.003
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.003
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.003
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.003
4225 Uridine phosphorylase 1 UPP1 0.0029
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0028
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0028
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0028
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0028
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0028
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0028
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0028
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0028
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0028
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0028
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0028
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0028
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0028
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0027
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.0027
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0027
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0026
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0025
2320 Thymidine kinase, cytosolic TK1 0.0025
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0023
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0023
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.0023
3936 Thymidine phosphorylase TYMP 0.0023
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0022
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.0022
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0021
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0021
5818 Folate receptor alpha FOLR1 0.002
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0019
40 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase RAF1 0.0019
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0019
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0019
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0018
4177 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ret RET 0.0018
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.0018
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0018
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0018
2391 Ferrochelatase hemH 0.0018
6502 Ferrochelatase DKFZp686P18130 0.0018
1591 Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial FECH 0.0018
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0018
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0017
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0017
3854 Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGFR1 0.0017
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0017
698 B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF 0.0016
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0016
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0016
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0016
6495 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial COX7C 0.0015
6496 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial COX8A 0.0015
6497 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial COX6A2 0.0015
6494 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial COX7B 0.0015
6493 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C COX6C 0.0015
6499 Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A1, mitochondrial COX7A1 0.0015
6491 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial COX5A 0.0015
6498 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 COX6B1 0.0015
5793 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 MT-CO2 0.0015
6559 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0015
6669 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0015
6490 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 MT-CO3 0.0015
6489 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial COX4I1 0.0015
371 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 MT-CO1 0.0015
6558 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ctaD 0.0015
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0015
2540 Choloylglycine hydrolase cbh 0.0014
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0014
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0014
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0014
6501 Fatty acid-binding protein, liver FABP1 0.0013
4034 Glutaredoxin-1 GLRX 0.0013
4030 Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 TXNDC12 0.0013
4039 CDNA FLJ23636 fis, clone CAS07176 GPX8 0.0013
910 Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase GPX5 0.0013
4036 Glutathione peroxidase 6 GPX6 0.0013
903 Glutathione S-transferase A5 GSTA5 0.0013
911 Glutathione peroxidase 3 GPX3 0.0013
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0013
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0013
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0013
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0013
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0013
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0013
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0013
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0013
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0013
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0013
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0013
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0013
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0013
1928 Leukotriene C4 synthase LTC4S 0.0013
4029 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 MGST3 0.0013
4032 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 MGST1 0.0013
4043 Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial GLRX2 0.0013
4040 Glutathione peroxidase 7 GPX7 0.0013
907 Glutathione peroxidase 2 GPX2 0.0013
906 Glutathione peroxidase 1 GPX1 0.0013
4035 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 GSTM5 0.0013
900 Glutathione S-transferase A4 GSTA4 0.0013
4042 Glutathione transferase omega-2 GSTO2 0.0013
4033 S-formylglutathione hydrolase ESD 0.0013
4038 Glutathione peroxidase 4 GPX4 0.0013
1975 Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial GPX4 0.0013
1056 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 GGT1 0.0013
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0013
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0012
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0012
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.0012
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0012
3319 Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase HAGH 0.0011
897 Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 GSTK1 0.0011
898 Glutathione S-transferase A3 GSTA3 0.0011
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0011
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0011
909 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase GSTZ1 0.0011
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0011
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0011
899 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 GSTM3 0.0011
905 Glutathione transferase omega-1 GSTO1 0.0011
4041 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 MGST2 0.0011
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0011
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.001
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.001
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.001
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.001
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.001
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.001
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.001
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.001
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.001
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.001
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.001
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.001
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.001
2165 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 GSTM2 0.001
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.001
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.001
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.001
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.001
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.001
901 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 GSTM4 0.0009
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0009
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0009
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0009
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0009
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0009
2101 Glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthase HPGDS 0.0008
714 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial GSR 0.0008
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0008
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0008
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0008
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0007
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0007
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