DT-Web

DB01119 - Diazoxide


Identification
Name Diazoxide
Accession Number DB01119 (APRD00914)
Type small molecule
Description A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 230.671
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 229.991675875
Pharmacology
Indication Used parentally to treat hypertensive emergencies. Also used to treat hypoglycemia secondary to insulinoma.
Mechanism of action As a diuretic, diazoxide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like diazoxide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of diazoxide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. As a antihypoglycemic, diazoxide inhibits insulin release from the pancreas, probably by opening potassium channels in the beta cell membrane.
Absorption Readily absorbed following oral administration.
Protein binding Very high (more than 90%) to serum proteins.
Biotransformation Hepatic.
Route of elimination Proglycem is extensively bound (more than 90%) to serum proteins, and is excreted in the kidneys.
Toxicity Oral LD50 in rat and mouse: 980 mg/kg and 444 mg/kg, respectively.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Bendroflumethiazide Significant hyperglycemic effect
Chlorpropamide Antagonism.
Chlorthalidone Significant hyperglycemic effect
Fosphenytoin Diazoxide decreases the hydantoin effect
Glyburide Antagonism.
Hydrochlorothiazide Significant hyperglycemic effect
Indapamide Significant hyperglycemic effect
Phenytoin Diazoxide decreases the efficacy of phenytoin.
Trandolapril Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in blood pressure.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11
Name ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11
Gene Name KCNJ11
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inducer
References
  • D'hahan N, Moreau C, Prost AL, Jacquet H, Alekseev AE, Terzic A, Vivaudou M: Pharmacological plasticity of cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channels toward diazoxide revealed by ADP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 12;96(21):12162-7. - Pubmed
  • Sakura H, Trapp S, Liss B, Ashcroft FM: Altered functional properties of KATP channel conferred by a novel splice variant of SUR1. J Physiol. 1999 Dec 1;521 Pt 2:337-50. - Pubmed
  • Shindo T, Katayama Y, Horio Y, Kurachi Y: MCC-134, a novel vascular relaxing agent, is an inverse agonist for the pancreatic-type ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Jan;292(1):131-5. - Pubmed
  • de Lonlay P, Fournet JC, Touati G, Groos MS, Martin D, Sevin C, Delagne V, Mayaud C, Chigot V, Sempoux C, Brusset MC, Laborde K, Bellane-Chantelot C, Vassault A, Rahier J, Junien C, Brunelle F, Nihoul-Fekete C, Saudubray JM, Robert JJ: Heterogeneity of persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. A series of 175 cases. Eur J Pediatr. 2002 Jan;161(1):37-48. - Pubmed
  • Russ U, Lange U, Loffler-Walz C, Hambrock A, Quast U: Binding and effect of K ATP channel openers in the absence of Mg2+. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 May;139(2):368-80. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3067
Carbonic anhydrase 1
Name Carbonic anhydrase 1
Gene Name CA1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Domoki F, Bari F, Nagy K, Busija DW, Siklos L: Diazoxide prevents mitochondrial swelling and Ca2+ accumulation in CA1 pyramidal cells after cerebral ischemia in newborn pigs. Brain Res. 2004 Sep 3;1019(1-2):97-104. - Pubmed
  • Erdemli G, Krnjevic K: Diazoxide suppresses slowly-inactivating outward and inward currents in CA1 hippocampal neurones. Neuroreport. 1993 Dec 13;5(3):249-51. - Pubmed
  • Erdemli G, Krnjevic K: Actions of diazoxide on CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices from rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995 May;73(5):608-18. - Pubmed
  • Scuvee-Moreau J, Seutin V, Vrijens B, Pirotte B, De Tullio P, Massotte L, Albert A, Delarge J, Dresse A: Effect of potassium channel openers on the firing rate of hippocampal pyramidal cells and A10 dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Arch Physiol Biochem. 1997 Sep;105(5):421-8. - Pubmed
  • Crepel V, Rovira C, Ben-Ari Y: The K+ channel opener diazoxide enhances glutamatergic currents and reduces GABAergic currents in hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1993 Feb;69(2):494-503. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6983
Carbonic anhydrase 2
Name Carbonic anhydrase 2
Gene Name CA2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Munoz A, Nakazaki M, Goodman JC, Barrios R, Onetti CG, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L: Ischemic preconditioning in the hippocampus of a knockout mouse lacking SUR1-based K(ATP) channels. Stroke. 2003 Jan;34(1):164-70. - Pubmed
  • Sekine N, Ullrich S, Regazzi R, Pralong WF, Wollheim CB: Postreceptor signalling of growth hormone and prolactin and their effects in the differentiated insulin-secreting cell line, INS-1. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):1841-50. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.7381
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain
Name Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain
Gene Name ATP1A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions other
References
  • Lawrence CL, Rainbow RD, Davies NW, Standen NB: Effect of metabolic inhibition on glimepiride block of native and cloned cardiac sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(5):746-52. - Pubmed
  • Guo W, Chen N, Chen Y, Xia Q, Shen Y: Activation of Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Contributes to Protective Effect in Prolonged Myocardial Preservation. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005;4:4027-30. - Pubmed
  • Comelli M, Metelli G, Mavelli I: Downmodulation of mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase by diazoxide in cardiac myoblasts: a dual effect of the drug. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):H820-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8727
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1
Name Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1
Gene Name KCNMA1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions other
References
  • Klockner U, Trieschmann U, Isenberg G: Pharmacological modulation of calcium and potassium channels in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells. Arzneimittelforschung. 1989 Jan;39(1A):120-6. - Pubmed
  • O'Malley D, Shanley LJ, Harvey J: Insulin inhibits rat hippocampal neurones via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Jun;44(7):855-63. - Pubmed
  • Zhang L, Li X, Zhou R, Xing G: Possible role of potassium channel, big K in etiology of schizophrenia. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(1):41-3. Epub 2006 Jan 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3964
Solute carrier family 12 member 3
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 3
Gene Name SLC12A3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions unknown
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8166

Enzymes


Glutamine synthetase
Name Glutamine synthetase
Gene Name GLUL
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Velloso LA, Bjork E, Ballagi AE, Funa K, Andersson A, Kampe O, Karlsson FA, Eizirik DL: Regulation of GAD expression in islets of Langerhans occurs both at the mRNA and protein level. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1994 Jun;102(1-2):31-7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4011

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.4011
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.3369
3007 Carbonic anhydrase 12 CA12 0.1458
4205 Carbonic anhydrase 9 CA9 0.1457
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.1391
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.1044
2176 Protein S100-P S100P 0.0971
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0948
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0903
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0683
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0662
6126 Carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 0.0604
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0551
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0548
566 Serotransferrin TF 0.0538
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.0488
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0454
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0428
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0407
6123 Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial CA5A 0.0405
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0354
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0347
85 Growth hormone receptor GHR 0.0319
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0299
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.028
253 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain FXYD2 0.0257
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0256
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0246
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0246
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.024
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.023
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0221
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0221
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0219
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0212
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.021
606 Cytochrome P450 27, mitochondrial CYP27A1 0.0209
3623 Divalent-cation tolerance protein cutA cutA 0.0206
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0205
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0199
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0198
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0197
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0196
6122 Carbonic anhydrase 3 CA3 0.0192
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0192
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0191
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.0188
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0174
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0172
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.017
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.017
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0166
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0165
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0164
750 Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit CACNG1 0.0161
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0159
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0157
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0156
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0156
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0152
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0151
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0149
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0146
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0143
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0143
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0143
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0142
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0137
3226 UPF0234 protein HI1034 HI_1034 0.0135
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0135
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0135
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0134
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0134
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0134
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0134
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0133
3384 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF 0.0132
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0132
1025 Aquaporin-1 AQP1 0.0131
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0124
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0124
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0119
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0118
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0117
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0114
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0112
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0112
3105 M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 CDC25B 0.0108
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0108
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0108
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0103
741 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 KCNQ1 0.0103
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.01
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0098
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0098
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0098
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0098
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0098
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0098
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0098
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0098
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0096
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0095
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0094
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0094
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.0093
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0092
6124 Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial CA5B 0.0089
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0089
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0087
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0083
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0083
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0083
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0083
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0083
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0083
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0083
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0083
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0082
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0082
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0082
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0082
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0081
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0081
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.008
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0079
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0078
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0078
6935 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 KCNN2 0.0077
6933 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 KCNMB4 0.0077
6931 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 KCNMB1 0.0077
6932 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 KCNMB3 0.0077
6934 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 KCNN1 0.0077
6936 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 KCNN3 0.0077
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0075
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0075
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0075
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0073
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.007
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.007
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.007
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.007
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0069
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0069
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0068
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0068
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0068
3627 UPF0190 protein yedY yedY 0.0067
1392 Catenin beta-1 CTNNB1 0.0067
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0067
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0067
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0067
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0066
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0066
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0066
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0066
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.0065
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0064
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.0064
5463 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta 2 KCNMB2 0.0063
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0062
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0062
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0061
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0061
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.006
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0059
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0059
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0058
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.0058
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0056
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0054
158 Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha SCN1A 0.0054
997 Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB 0.005
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0048
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0048
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0047
2408 Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK SYK 0.0047
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0046
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0046
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0046
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0046
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0046
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0046
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0046
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0046
1970 Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA 0.0046
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0045
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0045
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.0045
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.0045
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0045
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0045
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0045
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0044
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0042
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0041
315 Arginase-1 ARG1 0.004
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.004
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.004
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0039
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0037
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0036
6127 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein CA8 0.0036
6129 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 CA11 0.0036
6128 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 CA10 0.0036
6133 Sodium channel subunit beta-2 SCN2B 0.0036
6135 Sodium channel subunit beta-4 SCN4B 0.0036
6134 Sodium channel subunit beta-3 SCN3B 0.0036
6132 Sodium channel subunit beta-1 SCN1B 0.0036
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0036
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0035
6130 Carbonic anhydrase 13 CA13 0.0035
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0034
3803 Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha SCN3A 0.0034
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0034
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0033
6263 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha PRKACA 0.0032
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0031
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.003
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.003
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.003
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.003
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.003
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.003
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.003
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.003
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.003
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.003
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.003
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.003
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.003
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.003
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.003
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.003
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.003
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.003
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.003
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.003
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.003
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.003
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.003
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.003
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.003
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.0029
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0028
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0028
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0027
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0027
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0026
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0026
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0025
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0025
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0025
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0025
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0025
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0025
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0025
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0025
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0024
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0023
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0023
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0023
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0023
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0023
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0023
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0022
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0022
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0022
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0022
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0022
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0022
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0022
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0022
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0021
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0021
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0021
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0021
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0021
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.002
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.002
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.002
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.002
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0019
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0019
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0019
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0019
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0018
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0018
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0015
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0015
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0014
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0008
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0008
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0008
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0008
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0008
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0008
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0008
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0008
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0008
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0008
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0008
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0008
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0008
4527 Putative hydrolase ycdX ycdX 0.0008
4536 Transcriptional regulator, IclR family TM_0065 0.0008
2501 Protein ygbM ygbM 0.0008
4545 Molybdopterin-converting factor subunit 2 moaE 0.0008
4522 Arginine N-succinyltransferase subunit alpha astA 0.0008
4106 Guanylate kinase GUK1 0.0008
4516 Guanylate kinase gmk 0.0008
4538 Hypothetical protein VC1899 VC_1899 0.0008
4529 Oxalate decarboxylase oxdC oxdC 0.0008
4514 Citrate lyase beta subunit-like protein citE 0.0008
4781 Citrate lyase beta subunit-like protein DR_1240 0.0008
4526 Oligopeptide ABC transporter, periplasmic oligopeptide-binding protein TM_1223 0.0008
4524 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase yvyI 0.0008
4535 Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase subunit alpha gcdA 0.0008
4547 Iron binding protein FbpA fbpA 0.0008
4548 Gyrase B gyrB 0.0008
4546 Aminotransferase, putative TM_1131 0.0008
658 Para-aminobenzoate synthase component 1 pabB 0.0008
4515 Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK CASK 0.0008
4496 C-terminal-binding protein 1 CTBP1 0.0008
4517 Probable butyrate kinase 2 buk2 0.0007
3261 Signal recognition particle protein ffh 0.0007
4528 Phenazine biosynthesis protein PhzD phzD1 0.0007
4533 Glyoxalase family protein BC_1747 0.0007
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.0007
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0007
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0007
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.0007
3759 Glutathione S-transferase gst 0.0007
4541 Glutathione S-transferase GST 0.0007
4542 Glutaminase 1 glsA1 0.0007
4544 Glutaminase 1 glsA1 0.0007
2929 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase dhlB 0.0007
2995 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase Not Available 0.0007
3237 Beta-lactamase OXA-2 bla 0.0007
4532 Gephyrin GPHN 0.0007
2230 Catalase CAT 0.0007
3249 Catalase katA 0.0007
3625 Catalase katA 0.0007
4539 Catalase katA 0.0007
4941 Catalase katB 0.0007
4531 Putative ketoacyl reductase actIII 0.0007
2775 Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase pyrD 0.0007
3467 Methylglyoxal synthase mgsA 0.0007
3583 6-phosphogluconolactonase pgl 0.0007
2525 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase aroA 0.0006
3201 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase aroA 0.0006
2688 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
2708 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
3004 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
4337 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
4338 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
5368 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
5371 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
6375 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
6378 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
6379 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
6776 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
6900 Peptide deformylase def 0.0006
4534 Cytohesin-2 CYTH2 0.0006
2548 Subtilisin Carlsberg apr 0.0006
4269 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, putative HGPRTase 0.0006
760 Fibroblast growth factor 1 FGF1 0.0005
810 Heme oxygenase 1 HMOX1 0.0005
3391 Heme oxygenase 1 pbsA1 0.0005
3027 Streptavidin Not Available 0.0005
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0005
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0004
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0004
↑