DT-Web: DB00627

Identification

Name

Niacin

Accession Number

DB00627 (APRD00536, NUTR00042)

Type

small molecule

Description

A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. [PubChem]

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Categories ^(*)

Molecular Weight

123.1094

Groups

approved

Monoisotopic Weight

123.032028409

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of type IV and V hyperlipidemia. It is indicated as ajunctive therapy.

Mechanism of action

Niacin binds to Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide phyrophsopate phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinate N-methyltransferase and the Niacin receptor. Niacin is the precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are vital cofactors for dozens of enzymes. The mechanism by which niacin exerts its lipid lowering effects is not entirely understood, but may involve several actions, including a decrease in esterification of hepatic triglycerides. Niacin treatment also decreases the serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B), the major protein component of the VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and LDL fractions.

Absorption

Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are efficiently absorbed from the stomach and small intestine.

Protein binding

Not Available

Biotransformation

Hepatic

Route of elimination

Not Available

Toxicity

Nicotinic acid can cause vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels resulting in increased blood flow, principally in the face, neck and chest. This produces the niacin- or nicotinic acid-flush. The niacin-flush is thought to be mediated via the prostaglandin prostacyclin. Histamine may also play a role in the niacin-flush. Flushing is the adverse reaction first observed after intake of a large dose of nicotinic acid, and the most bothersome one. LD₅₀ 7000 mg/kg (Rat)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Mechanism of interaction
Colesevelam	Bile Acid Sequestrants may decrease the absorption of Niacin. It may be prudent to separate the administration times of niacin and bile acid sequestrants by a few hours in order to reduce the potential for reduced efficacy of these agents. The manufacturer of colesevelam recommends that drugs should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after colesevelam.
Lovastatin	Risk of severe myopathy/rhabdomyolysis with this combination
Pitavastatin	Increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ie. rhabdomyolysis) of both niacin and pitavastatin via pharmacodynamic synergism. Use alternative therapy.

Food Interactions

Take with food.
Avoid alcohol.

Nicotinic acid receptor 2
Name	Nicotinic acid receptor 2
Gene Name	GPR109B
Pharmacological action	yes
Actions	agonist
References	Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):352-5. Epub 2003 Feb 3. - Pubmed Taggart AK, Kero J, Gan X, Cai TQ, Cheng K, Ippolito M, Ren N, Kaplan R, Wu K, Wu TJ, Jin L, Liaw C, Chen R, Richman J, Connolly D, Offermanns S, Wright SD, Waters MG: (D)-beta-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits adipocyte lipolysis via the nicotinic acid receptor PUMA-G. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 22;280(29):26649-52. Epub 2005 Jun 1. - Pubmed Zhang Y, Schmidt RJ, Foxworthy P, Emkey R, Oler JK, Large TH, Wang H, Su EW, Mosior MK, Eacho PI, Cao G: Niacin mediates lipolysis in adipose tissue through its G-protein coupled receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 26;334(2):729-32. - Pubmed Tunaru S, Lattig J, Kero J, Krause G, Offermanns S: Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;68(5):1271-80. Epub 2005 Aug 11. - Pubmed Benyo Z, Gille A, Kero J, Csiky M, Suchankova MC, Nusing RM, Moers A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3634-40. - Pubmed Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.8626
Nicotinic acid receptor 1
Name	Nicotinic acid receptor 1
Gene Name	GPR109A
Pharmacological action	yes
Actions	agonist
References	Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. - Pubmed Soga T, Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto S, Saito T, Ohishi T, Hiyama H, Matsuo A, Matsushime H, Furuichi K: Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Mar 28;303(1):364-9. - Pubmed Zellner C, Pullinger CR, Aouizerat BE, Frost PH, Kwok PY, Malloy MJ, Kane JP: Variations in human HM74 (GPR109B) and HM74A (GPR109A) niacin receptors. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jan;25(1):18-21. - Pubmed Zhang Y, Schmidt RJ, Foxworthy P, Emkey R, Oler JK, Large TH, Wang H, Su EW, Mosior MK, Eacho PI, Cao G: Niacin mediates lipolysis in adipose tissue through its G-protein coupled receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 26;334(2):729-32. - Pubmed Tunaru S, Lattig J, Kero J, Krause G, Offermanns S: Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;68(5):1271-80. Epub 2005 Aug 11. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.8626
Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]
Name	Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]
Gene Name	QPRT
Pharmacological action	yes
Actions	binder
References	Fukuwatari T, Morikawa Y, Hayakawa F, Sugimoto E, Shibata K: Influence of adenine-induced renal failure on tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Oct;65(10):2154-61. - Pubmed Shin DH, Oganesyan N, Jancarik J, Yokota H, Kim R, Kim SH: Crystal structure of a nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase from Thermoplasma acidophilum. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 6;280(18):18326-35. Epub 2005 Mar 6. - Pubmed Zheng XQ, Hayashibe E, Ashihara H: Changes in trigonelline (N-methylnicotinic acid) content and nicotinic acid metabolism during germination of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) seeds. J Exp Bot. 2005 Jun;56(416):1615-23. Epub 2005 Apr 18. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.8343
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
Name	Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
Gene Name	NNMT
Pharmacological action	yes
Actions	binder
References	Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed Riederer M, Erwa W, Zimmermann R, Frank S, Zechner R: Adipose tissue as a source of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and homocysteine. Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jun;204(2):412-7. Epub 2008 Sep 27. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.8343

Cytochrome P450 2D6
Name	Cytochrome P450 2D6
Gene Name	CYP2D6
Actions	inhibitor
References	Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.4189

Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
Name	Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
Gene Name	SLC22A5
Actions	inhibitor
References	Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.4425
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Name	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Gene Name	SLCO2B1
Actions	inhibitor
References	Kobayashi D, Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B (SLC21A9) in pH-dependent transport across intestinal apical membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):703-8. Epub 2003 Apr 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.5034
Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Name	Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Gene Name	SLC16A1
Actions	substrate
References	Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.6635
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1
Name	Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1
Gene Name	Not Available
Actions	Not Available
References	Gopal E, Fei YJ, Miyauchi S, Zhuang L, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V: Sodium-coupled and electrogenic transport of B-complex vitamin nicotinic acid by slc5a8, a member of the Na/glucose co-transporter gene family. Biochem J. 2005 May 15;388(Pt 1):309-16. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	Not Available
Monocarboxylate transporter 4
Name	Monocarboxylate transporter 4
Gene Name	SLC16A3
Actions	Not Available
References	Shimada A, Nakagawa Y, Morishige H, Yamamoto A, Fujita T: Functional characteristics of H+ -dependent nicotinate transport in primary cultures of astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jan 16;392(3):207-12. Epub 2005 Oct 5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score	0.7133

Id	Partner name	Gene Name	Score
2442	Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]	nadC	0.8343
2459	Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]	nadC	0.8343
489	Monocarboxylate transporter 2	SLC16A7	0.2787
4512	Cytochrome P450 3A4	CYP3A4	0.1184
1588	Multidrug resistance protein 1	ABCB1	0.084
4757	Cytochrome P450 2C9	CYP2C9	0.0818
4200	Cytochrome P450 1A2	CYP1A2	0.0686
1729	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	SLC22A6	0.0656
6142	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	SLC22A8	0.0643
6016	Cytochrome P450 2C19	CYP2C19	0.0619
6145	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	SLC22A1	0.0599
4924	Cytochrome P450 2C8	CYP2C8	0.0568
1539	Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform	SLC15A1	0.056
833	Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1	SLC22A4	0.0552
1974	Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform	SLC15A2	0.0535
6152	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	SLCO2A1	0.0529
5650	NimA-related protein	DR_0842	0.0528
4118	Cytochrome P450 3A5	CYP3A5	0.0491
3184	3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase	panB	0.049
3315	3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase	panB	0.049
3179	2-isopropylmalate synthase	leuA	0.049
3205	Isocitrate lyase	icl	0.0466
3078	Regulator of ribonuclease activity A	Rv3853	0.0466
6139	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	SLCO1A2	0.046
1490	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	SLCO1B1	0.0459
862	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1	ABCC1	0.0437
3254	Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase	putA	0.0419
1735	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	ABCC2	0.0413
6144	Solute carrier family 22 member 2	SLC22A2	0.0411
492	Histamine H1 receptor	HRH1	0.0391
3334	Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase	cefE	0.039
6030	Cytochrome P450 2B6	CYP2B6	0.039
587	Serum albumin	ALB	0.038
1024	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	SLC22A11	0.0377
1732	ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2	ABCG2	0.0374
6107	Cytochrome P450 3A7	CYP3A7	0.0346
6151	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	SLC16A10	0.0339
2248	Malate synthase G	glcB	0.0335
3190	Malate synthase G	glcB	0.0335
6160	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1	SLCO3A1	0.0331
6826	Bacilysin biosynthesis protein bacB	bacB	0.0328
6827	Probable chorismate mutase	pheA	0.0327
6508	Putative uncharacterized protein	srtB	0.0327
6543	Putative uncharacterized protein	tcp14	0.0327
6615	Putative uncharacterized protein	MT0785	0.0327
6623	Putative uncharacterized protein	Not Available	0.0327
6806	Putative uncharacterized protein	AGR_C_2535	0.0327
6813	Putative uncharacterized protein	SAV4671	0.0327
6815	Putative uncharacterized protein	AFE_1514	0.0327
6819	Putative uncharacterized protein	RUMGNA_03254	0.0327
6825	Putative uncharacterized protein	CV_3270	0.0327
6157	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	SLCO1B3	0.0318
4098	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1	GABRB1	0.0312
2424	L-lactate dehydrogenase	ldh	0.03
2641	L-lactate dehydrogenase	Not Available	0.03
4437	L-lactate dehydrogenase	ldh	0.03
4442	L-lactate dehydrogenase	ldh	0.03
126	D-lactate dehydrogenase	dld	0.03
3545	D-lactate dehydrogenase	Not Available	0.03
4510	D-lactate dehydrogenase	ldhA	0.03
795	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial	BCAT2	0.0294
5718	Cytochrome P450 2A6	CYP2A6	0.0293
6013	Cytochrome P450 2E1	CYP2E1	0.029
5607	Indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase	ipdC	0.0284
6657	Indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase	ipdC	0.0284
6616	L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase	pdh	0.0284
6143	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	SLC22A7	0.0283
6024	Cytochrome P450 1A1	CYP1A1	0.0279
20	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	PTGS1	0.0278
6147	Solute carrier family 22 member 3	SLC22A3	0.0273
3178	Formate acetyltransferase 1	pflB	0.026
556	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	ADRA1A	0.0259
824	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	SLC6A4	0.0259
2164	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	ABCC4	0.0241
540	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	SLC6A2	0.0236
473	L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain	LDHA	0.0235
77	L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain	LDHB	0.0232
318	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	ADRA2A	0.0222
159	Penicillin-binding protein 2B	penA	0.0222
6121	Penicillin-binding protein 2B	penA	0.0222
103	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	CHRM1	0.0221
766	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	ADRB2	0.0215
6599	HTH-type transcriptional regulator ttgR	ttgR	0.0209
6268	Hydroxyacid oxidase 1	HAO1	0.0206
193	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	ADRB1	0.0204
1181	Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1	ORM1	0.0204
776	Bile salt export pump	ABCB11	0.0199
831	D(2) dopamine receptor	DRD2	0.0199
713	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	SLC6A3	0.0198
220	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	SCN5A	0.019
6153	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1	SLCO4A1	0.0184
397	Monocarboxylate transporter 3	SLC16A8	0.0183
320	5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor	HTR1A	0.0183
631	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	HMGCR	0.0182
3387	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	mvaA	0.0182
502	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor	HTR2A	0.018
195	Monocarboxylate transporter 7	SLC16A6	0.018
429	Monocarboxylate transporter 6	SLC16A5	0.018
218	Monocarboxylate transporter 5	SLC16A4	0.018
477	DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A	parC	0.0178
886	DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A	parC	0.0178
6226	DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A	parC	0.0178
2293	Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	Not Available	0.0177
2508	Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	cgt	0.0177
2523	Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	cgt	0.0177
3207	Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	amyA	0.0177
6106	Cytochrome P450 2C18	CYP2C18	0.0177
404	DNA gyrase subunit A	gyrA	0.0175
6224	DNA gyrase subunit A	gyrA	0.0175
672	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	PTGFR	0.0171
6018	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9	UGT1A9	0.0164
817	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	TOP2A	0.0164
51	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	CHRM3	0.0164
6149	Solute carrier family 22 member 10	SLC22A10	0.0164
52	Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L	PKLR	0.016
280	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	ABAT	0.0157
6158	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	SLCO1C1	0.0154
338	DNA polymerase	UL30	0.0149
379	DNA polymerase	UL54	0.0149
697	DNA polymerase	ORF28	0.0149
2482	DNA polymerase	43	0.0149
4104	DNA polymerase	BALF5	0.0149
73	Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype	PTGER1	0.0149
771	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	PC	0.0145
617	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	CHRM2	0.0145
98	Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2	PKM2	0.0143
110	Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial	PDHB	0.0141
4132	Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka	CLCNKA	0.0139
6136	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5	ABCC5	0.0139
1709	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2	ABCC3	0.0137
290	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	PTGS2	0.0136
6176	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3	UGT1A3	0.0135
933	Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src	SRC	0.0133
6178	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7	UGT2B7	0.0131
114	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	AGXT2	0.0128
6167	Organic solute transporter subunit beta	OSTB	0.0127
6166	Organic solute transporter subunit alpha	OSTA	0.0127
629	Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	ADRA2B	0.0123
632	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	ADRA1B	0.0122
6155	ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11	ABCC11	0.0119
6141	Sodium/bile acid cotransporter	SLC10A1	0.0118
474	Acetylcholinesterase	ACHE	0.0115
199	Monocarboxylate transporter 8	SLC16A2	0.0114
847	Mu-type opioid receptor	OPRM1	0.0113
23	D(1A) dopamine receptor	DRD1	0.0113
131	Synaptic vesicular amine transporter	SLC18A2	0.0111
6022	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1	UGT1A1	0.0111
3014	Ribonuclease UK114	HRSP12	0.011
5428	Replication protein	repA	0.011
3617	Non-heme chloroperoxidase	cpo	0.011
5426	Non-heme chloroperoxidase	cpo	0.011
5427	Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase	chqB	0.011
3718	Hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes activator	oxyR	0.011
3018	HTH-type transcriptional regulator malT	malT	0.011
590	5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor	HTR2C	0.0108
101	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	KCNH2	0.0108
3941	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	MAOA	0.0105
1636	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	TAAR1	0.0104
633	Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B	pbpA	0.0104
378	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	ADRA2C	0.0102
406	Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype	PTGER2	0.0101
6837	Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B	STK17B	0.0099
6836	3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, mitochondrial	HIBCH	0.0099
115	Penicillin-binding protein 2	mrdA	0.0099
6069	Penicillin-binding protein 2	mrdA	0.0099
6118	Penicillin-binding protein 2	penA	0.0099
6187	Penicillin-binding protein 2	pbpA	0.0099
6686	Penicillin-binding protein 2	pbp2	0.0099
6939	Penicillin-binding protein 2	mrdA	0.0099
7163	Penicillin-binding protein 2	pbpA	0.0099
2958	Probable tautomerase ydcE	pptA	0.0095
2573	Cocaine esterase	cocE	0.0094
7263	Cocaine esterase	Not Available	0.0094
6137	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6	ABCC6	0.0093
6017	Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial	CYP11A1	0.0093
230	ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8	ABCC8	0.0093
3115	Ras-related protein Rab-9	RAB9A	0.0093
3603	Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase	clcA	0.0093
139	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	AKR1C1	0.0092
638	D(3) dopamine receptor	DRD3	0.0091
6010	Thiamine transporter 1	SLC19A2	0.0089
467	Delta-type opioid receptor	OPRD1	0.0087
6656	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 3A1	UGT3A1	0.0087
3939	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	MAOB	0.0087
1898	Cytochrome P450 1B1	CYP1B1	0.0086
6500	Phospholipase A2	PLA2G1B	0.0085
33	Cystine/glutamate transporter	SLC7A11	0.0084
696	Kappa-type opioid receptor	OPRK1	0.0083
1	Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI	ftsI	0.0083
4155	Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI	ftsI	0.0083
6148	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7	ABCC10	0.0082
175	Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1	TPK1	0.008
1119	Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial	PRDX5	0.0079
624	Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase	GAMT	0.0078
867	Penicillin-binding protein 3	pbpC	0.0077
6119	Penicillin-binding protein 3	pbp3	0.0077
7154	Penicillin-binding protein 3	pbp3	0.0077
7157	Penicillin-binding protein 3	LMHCC_2184	0.0077
7162	Penicillin-binding protein 3	pbpB	0.0077
7172	Penicillin-binding protein 3	pbp3	0.0077
1792	Tissue-type plasminogen activator	PLAT	0.0077
380	Cytochrome P450 17A1	CYP17A1	0.0076
723	Cytosolic phospholipase A2	PLA2G4A	0.0076
2599	Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK	HCK	0.0076
341	5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor	HTR3A	0.0076
982	Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein	CARTPT	0.0075
789	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	ADRA1D	0.0075
805	Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial	CYP11B1	0.0074
432	D(4) dopamine receptor	DRD4	0.0073
274	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	CHRM5	0.0073
4674	2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase	cumD	0.0073
3923	Cholinesterase	BCHE	0.0073
645	Penicillin-binding protein 1A	mrcA	0.0073
5805	Penicillin-binding protein 1A	ponA	0.0073
6185	Penicillin-binding protein 1A	mrcA	0.0073
6799	Penicillin-binding protein 1A	pbpA	0.0073
6344	ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial	ATP5C1	0.0072
6342	ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial	ATP5A1	0.0072
6343	ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial	ATP5B	0.0072
2693	Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain	eltB	0.0072
450	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	CHRM4	0.0071
6645	D-amino-acid oxidase	DAO	0.007
778	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	CYSLTR1	0.0069
4097	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	CHRNA9	0.0068
1757	Myeloperoxidase	MPO	0.0067
465	Calmodulin	CALM1	0.0065
192	Creatine kinase, ubiquitous mitochondrial	CKMT1A	0.0063
456	Creatine kinase, sarcomeric mitochondrial	CKMT2	0.0063
92	Creatine kinase B-type	CKB	0.0063
414	Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	SLC6A8	0.0063
6259	(3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase	fabZ	0.0063
124	Histamine H2 receptor	HRH2	0.0062
163	D(1B) dopamine receptor	DRD5	0.0061
2404	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform	PIK3CG	0.006
238	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	PPARG	0.006
709	ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1	KCNJ1	0.006
332	Beta-lactamase	blaZ	0.0059
2478	Beta-lactamase	ampC	0.0059
2613	Beta-lactamase	ampC	0.0059
2635	Beta-lactamase	ampC	0.0059
2700	Beta-lactamase	penP	0.0059
5445	Beta-lactamase	blaB	0.0059
6019	Beta-lactamase	SHV-7	0.0059
6701	Beta-lactamase	cphA	0.0059
3587	Gastrotropin	FABP6	0.0058
6023	Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial	CYP11B2	0.0058
468	Cytochrome P450 4A11	CYP4A11	0.0058
6067	Penicillin binding protein 2a	mecA	0.0058
885	5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor	HTR1B	0.0058
872	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1	GABRA1	0.0057
788	Creatine kinase M-type	CKM	0.0057
436	5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor	HTR2B	0.0054
2347	Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1	PIM1	0.0054
1039	Histone deacetylase 9	HDAC9	0.0053
275	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	ALOX5	0.0053
6164	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1	POU5F1	0.0052
731	HIV-1 protease	HIV-1 protease	0.0052
527	Prostacyclin receptor	PTGIR	0.0052
4533	Glyoxalase family protein	BC_1747	0.0051
6218	Pannexin-1	PANX1	0.0051
4109	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C	PDE4C	0.005
5682	Ribonuclease pancreatic	RNASE1	0.005
198	Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	SCN10A	0.0049
136	Estrogen receptor	ESR1	0.0049
6150	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	SLCO4C1	0.0048
6040	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating	PGD	0.0048
1995	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	SCN9A	0.0048
6154	Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	SLC47A1	0.0048
6104	Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1	FMO1	0.0047
4037	Hypothetical protein	GPX1	0.0047
4297	Hypothetical protein	SP_1951	0.0047
4521	Hypothetical protein	BC_2969	0.0047
4540	Hypothetical protein	TM_1070	0.0047
4555	Hypothetical protein	MT1739	0.0047
4569	Hypothetical protein	mshD	0.0047
4578	Hypothetical protein	PA3270	0.0047
4747	Hypothetical protein	PA3967	0.0047
5177	Hypothetical protein	TM_0096	0.0047
5194	Hypothetical protein	PA1204	0.0047
5240	Hypothetical protein	Rv2991	0.0047
5370	Hypothetical protein	TM_1158	0.0047
5710	Hypothetical protein	Tb927.5.1360	0.0047
4545	Molybdopterin-converting factor subunit 2	moaE	0.0047
4527	Putative hydrolase ycdX	ycdX	0.0047
4106	Guanylate kinase	GUK1	0.0047
4516	Guanylate kinase	gmk	0.0047
4538	Hypothetical protein VC1899	VC_1899	0.0047
4536	Transcriptional regulator, IclR family	TM_0065	0.0047
2501	Protein ygbM	ygbM	0.0047
4514	Citrate lyase beta subunit-like protein	citE	0.0047
4781	Citrate lyase beta subunit-like protein	DR_1240	0.0047
4524	Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase	yvyI	0.0047
4522	Arginine N-succinyltransferase subunit alpha	astA	0.0047
4547	Iron binding protein FbpA	fbpA	0.0047
4529	Oxalate decarboxylase oxdC	oxdC	0.0047
4546	Aminotransferase, putative	TM_1131	0.0047
658	Para-aminobenzoate synthase component 1	pabB	0.0047
4526	Oligopeptide ABC transporter, periplasmic oligopeptide-binding protein	TM_1223	0.0047
4535	Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase subunit alpha	gcdA	0.0047
4548	Gyrase B	gyrB	0.0047
4515	Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK	CASK	0.0047
3583	6-phosphogluconolactonase	pgl	0.0047
1064	DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1	DNMT1	0.0046
6140	Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter	SLC10A2	0.0046
2472	Voltage-gated potassium channel	kcsA	0.0046
6366	Voltage-gated potassium channel	kcsA	0.0046
630	Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	ACADSB	0.0046
6181	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8	UGT1A8	0.0046
200	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial	CPT2	0.0046
451	Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform	CPT1A	0.0046
541	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	PDE4B	0.0045
737	Mineralocorticoid receptor	NR3C2	0.0045
4203	Histamine N-methyltransferase	HNMT	0.0045
2184	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	CFTR	0.0045
1971	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A	PDE4A	0.0045
182	2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial	OGDH	0.0044
2112	Toll-like receptor 9	TLR9	0.0044
6031	Cytochrome P450 3A43	CYP3A43	0.0044
164	Histamine H4 receptor	HRH4	0.0043
4496	C-terminal-binding protein 1	CTBP1	0.0043
1341	Histamine H3 receptor	HRH3	0.0042
725	5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor	HTR1D	0.0042
2358	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D	PDE4D	0.0042
4532	Gephyrin	GPHN	0.0041
357	Carbonic anhydrase 2	CA2	0.0041
6025	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4	UGT1A4	0.0041
56	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	ALAD	0.0041
2356	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	hemB	0.0041
3613	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	hemB	0.0041
3674	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	hemB	0.0041
3237	Beta-lactamase OXA-2	bla	0.0041
4542	Glutaminase 1	glsA1	0.0041
4544	Glutaminase 1	glsA1	0.0041
2929	(S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase	dhlB	0.0041
2995	(S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase	Not Available	0.0041
4528	Phenazine biosynthesis protein PhzD	phzD1	0.0041
3759	Glutathione S-transferase	gst	0.004
4541	Glutathione S-transferase	GST	0.004
3261	Signal recognition particle protein	ffh	0.004
4517	Probable butyrate kinase 2	buk2	0.004
6177	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10	UGT1A10	0.004
3811	Cytochrome P450 19A1	CYP19A1	0.0039
360	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	RRM1	0.0039
828	Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase	PAH	0.0039
3109	Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase	phhA	0.0039
2230	Catalase	CAT	0.0039
3249	Catalase	katA	0.0039
3625	Catalase	katA	0.0039
4539	Catalase	katA	0.0039
4941	Catalase	katB	0.0039
6220	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	AHR	0.0039
170	Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	ALDH5A1	0.0039
4115	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	CACNA1D	0.0038
6085	Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal	FABP2	0.0038
844	Epidermal growth factor receptor	EGFR	0.0038
478	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	CACNA1C	0.0037
3467	Methylglyoxal synthase	mgsA	0.0037
2775	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	pyrD	0.0037
365	Dihydrofolate reductase	DHFR	0.0037
2381	Dihydrofolate reductase	DFR1	0.0037
2833	Dihydrofolate reductase	Not Available	0.0037
2931	Dihydrofolate reductase	folA	0.0037
3544	Dihydrofolate reductase	folA	0.0037
3682	Dihydrofolate reductase	folA	0.0037
6642	Dihydrofolate reductase	folA	0.0037
6756	Dihydrofolate reductase	dfrA	0.0037
4531	Putative ketoacyl reductase	actIII	0.0037
952	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	DPP4	0.0037
1284	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	NR1I2	0.0036
6180	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4	UGT2B4	0.0036
5126	Arginase	rocF	0.0036
4111	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	CACNA1S	0.0035
2525	3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase	aroA	0.0035
3201	3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase	aroA	0.0035
462	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	KCNN4	0.0035
4099	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3	GABRB3	0.0035
773	Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	FPGS	0.0035
3810	Catechol O-methyltransferase	COMT	0.0034
147	Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	ALDH2	0.0034
813	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	CHRNA2	0.0034
964	Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H	CACNA1H	0.0033
2688	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
2708	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
3004	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
4337	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
4338	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
5368	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
5371	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6375	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6378	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6379	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6776	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6900	Peptide deformylase	def	0.0033
6506	Stathmin-4	STMN4	0.0033
4534	Cytohesin-2	CYTH2	0.0033
94	5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor	HTR4	0.0033
3947	Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	XDH	0.0033
6182	Cytochrome P450 2J2	CYP2J2	0.0033
173	Toll-like receptor 7	TLR7	0.0033
1517	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	ADRB3	0.0033
806	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain	ATP1A1	0.0033
499	Arginine decarboxylase	ADC	0.0033
4604	Liver carboxylesterase 1	CES1	0.0032
2548	Subtilisin Carlsberg	apr	0.0032
109	Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL	SLC25A29	0.0032
636	Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein	SLC25A20	0.0032
4269	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, putative	HGPRTase	0.0032
976	Platelet glycoprotein IX	GP9	0.0032
760	Fibroblast growth factor 1	FGF1	0.0032
6168	Solute carrier family 22 member 16	SLC22A16	0.0031
2300	Lysozyme	E	0.0031
3633	Lysozyme	R	0.0031
5597	Lysozyme	17	0.0031
2021	Thrombomodulin	THBD	0.0031
4199	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor Edg-8	S1PR5	0.0031
577	Argininosuccinate lyase	ASL	0.0031
4113	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	CACNA1F	0.0031
834	Arginase-2, mitochondrial	ARG2	0.0031
5818	Folate receptor alpha	FOLR1	0.003
150	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	SLC7A3	0.003
235	High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1	SLC7A1	0.003
58	Cationic amino acid transporter 4	SLC7A4	0.003
3961	G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4	KCNJ5	0.003
620	Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase	Not Available	0.003
781	ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11	KCNJ11	0.003
716	5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor	HTR7	0.0029
6101	Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3	FMO3	0.0029
565	Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor	CASR	0.0028
740	Argininosuccinate synthase	ASS1	0.0028
865	Argininosuccinate synthase	ASS1	0.0028
2680	Argininosuccinate synthase	argG	0.0028
3194	Argininosuccinate synthase	argG	0.0028
4110	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2	CACNB2	0.0028
543	Penicillin-binding protein 1B	mrcB	0.0028
6186	Penicillin-binding protein 1B	ponB	0.0028
6822	Penicillin-binding protein 1b	pbp1b	0.0028
6844	Penicillin-binding protein 1b	pbp1b	0.0028
558	Solute carrier family 12 member 1	SLC12A1	0.0027
810	Heme oxygenase 1	HMOX1	0.0027
3391	Heme oxygenase 1	pbsA1	0.0027
5251	Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	CBR1	0.0027
3027	Streptavidin	Not Available	0.0027
1256	5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor	HTR6	0.0027
412	Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	CROT	0.0027
551	Carnitine O-acetyltransferase	CRAT	0.0027
15	Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I	CACNA1I	0.0027
293	Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	GGH	0.0026
392	Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A	CACNA1A	0.0026
3804	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	SCN4A	0.0026
76	Nitric-oxide synthase, brain	NOS1	0.0026
7	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	NOS2	0.0026
521	ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9	ABCC9	0.0025
535	Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G	CACNA1G	0.0025
6079	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	CHRNA3	0.0025
6002	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	PTGER4	0.0025
891	Dihydropteroate synthase	folP	0.0025
5359	Dihydropteroate synthase	folP	0.0025
7175	Dihydropteroate synthase	sulI	0.0025
161	Tubulin beta chain	TUBB	0.0024
312	Tubulin beta chain	TUB2	0.0024
750	Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit	CACNG1	0.0024
1650	Heme carrier protein 1	SLC46A1	0.0024
948	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	CHRNB2	0.0024
6080	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	CHRNA5	0.0024
6082	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	CHRNB3	0.0024
6432	Transporter	snf	0.0024
132	ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1	ABCA1	0.0023
291	Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial	NOS3	0.0023
706	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A	GRIN3A	0.0023
6014	Cytochrome P450 2A13	CYP2A13	0.0023
458	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	CHRNA10	0.0023
4131	Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype	PTGER3	0.0023
385	Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1	ATP4A	0.0022
2287	Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase	ATIC	0.0022
504	Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor	KIT	0.0022
153	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase	DBH	0.0022
6081	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	CHRNA6	0.0022
6206	DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'	rpoC	0.0021
751	Potassium channel subfamily K member 6	KCNK6	0.0021
63	Malate dehydrogenase	mdh	0.0021
2329	Malate dehydrogenase	mdh	0.0021
3445	Malate dehydrogenase	mdh	0.0021
4420	Malate dehydrogenase	mdh	0.0021
4438	Malate dehydrogenase	mdh	0.0021
273	Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	BCL2	0.0021
2461	D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase	Not Available	0.002
5756	D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase	dac	0.002
6078	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	CHRNB4	0.002
3929	Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase	PHOSPHO1	0.002
549	Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B	PCYT1B	0.002
769	High-affinity choline transporter 1	SLC5A7	0.002
3933	Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase	CEPT1	0.002
861	Choline kinase alpha	CHKA	0.002
700	Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	CHDH	0.002
464	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2	GRIN2B	0.002
3927	Choline transporter-like protein 3	SLC44A3	0.002
1686	Choline transporter-like protein 1	SLC44A1	0.002
264	Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta	CHKB	0.002
3926	Choline transporter-like protein 2	SLC44A2	0.002
3925	Choline transporter-like protein 4	SLC44A4	0.002
576	Choline O-acetyltransferase	CHAT	0.002
3922	Phospholipase D2	PLD2	0.002
3924	Phospholipase D1	PLD1	0.002
174	Sigma 1-type opioid receptor	SIGMAR1	0.002
284	DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain	rpoB	0.002
5773	DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain	rpoB	0.002
1360	Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase	SMPD1	0.002
1656	CYP2B protein	CYP2B	0.002
4114	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3	CACNB3	0.0019
4112	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4	CACNB4	0.0019
172	Potassium channel subfamily K member 1	KCNK1	0.0019
3917	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	MTHFR	0.0019
871	Glucocorticoid receptor	NR3C1	0.0019
893	[Citrate [pro-3S]-lyase] ligase	citC	0.0018
845	Pyruvate dehydrogenase [cytochrome]	poxB	0.0018
327	Glutathione reductase	gor	0.0018
5110	Glutathione reductase	GR2	0.0018
1178	Adenosine A2a receptor	ADORA2A	0.0018
24	Thymidylate synthase	TMP1	0.0018
359	Thymidylate synthase	TYMS	0.0018
2626	Thymidylate synthase	thyA	0.0018
2729	Thymidylate synthase	thyA	0.0018
5352	Thymidylate synthase	THYA	0.0018
528	5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor	HTR1E	0.0018
748	5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1	PRKAA1	0.0018
837	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1	GRIN2A	0.0018
333	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1	CACNB1	0.0018
6020	Aldehyde oxidase	AOX1	0.0018
650	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	AKR1C3	0.0017
677	Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A	PCYT1A	0.0017
4160	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2	CACNA2D2	0.0017
505	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3	GRIN2C	0.0017
439	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4	GRIN2D	0.0017
6047	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A	PDE1A	0.0016
146	Androgen receptor	AR	0.0016
4209	ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8	KCNJ8	0.0016
4228	Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7	KRT7	0.0016
610	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1	KCNMA1	0.0016
401	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1	GRIN1	0.0016
1629	Transcription factor AP-1	JUN	0.0016
5692	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B	PDE1B	0.0016
869	Estrogen receptor beta	ESR2	0.0016
204	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	PDE5A	0.0015
3970	Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B	CACNA1B	0.0014
4095	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	CHRNA7	0.0014
947	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	CHRNA4	0.0014
756	Sex hormone-binding globulin	SHBG	0.0014
1050	Bile salt sulfotransferase	SULT2A1	0.0014
705	Glutamate receptor 1	GRIA1	0.0014
4120	NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase	POR	0.0014
3086	Plasmepsin-2	Not Available	0.0014
373	Transthyretin	TTR	0.0014
485	cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A	PDE3A	0.0014
4148	Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	MTOR	0.0014
208	DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta' chain	rpoC	0.0014
5774	DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta' chain	rpoC	0.0014
4024	Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2	SLC25A18	0.0013
4025	Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1	SLC25A22	0.0013
1912	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	SLC1A3	0.0013
4019	Excitatory amino acid transporter 4	SLC1A6	0.0013
922	Glutamate receptor 4	GRIA4	0.0013
4021	Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial	EARS2	0.0013
4026	Aspartyl aminopeptidase	DNPEP	0.0013
4022	Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1	LGSN	0.0013
4023	N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	NAGS	0.0013
4016	Excitatory amino acid transporter 5	SLC1A7	0.0013
1047	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	SLC1A2	0.0013
927	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	GRM8	0.0013
664	Glutamate decarboxylase 2	GAD2	0.0013
3890	Glutamate decarboxylase 2	GAD2	0.0013
4020	Glutamyl aminopeptidase	ENPEP	0.0013
4018	Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit	GRID2	0.0013
915	Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase	ALDH18A1	0.0013
925	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	GRM4	0.0013
926	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	GRM7	0.0013
924	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3	GRIK3	0.0013
919	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4	GRIK4	0.0013
4027	Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit	GRID1	0.0013
920	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5	GRIK5	0.0013
4017	5-oxoprolinase	OPLAH	0.0013
698	B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase	BRAF	0.0013
3404	Exotoxin A	eta	0.0013
17	Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	ABL1	0.0013
950	Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor	PDGFRA	0.0013
762	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1	CACNA2D1	0.0013
3087	Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase	nadD	0.0013
4469	Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase	nadD	0.0013
4992	Cytochrome c peroxidase	Not Available	0.0013
1010	Cytochrome P450 51A1	CYP51A1	0.0012
591	Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B	GRIN3B	0.0012
5590	N utilization substance protein B homolog	nusB	0.0012
5598	Glycerol uptake operon antiterminator-related protein	TM_1436	0.0012
5586	Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 1	PLEKHA1	0.0012
5577	N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase	purE	0.0012
3792	KHG/KDPG aldolase [Includes: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase	eda	0.0012
2838	Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A	rpiA	0.0012
2952	Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A	rpiA	0.0012
5595	Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A	rpiA	0.0012
4695	UPF0124 protein yfiH	yfiH	0.0012
5060	Intron-associated endonuclease 1	ITEVIR	0.0012
5593	Transferase	Not Available	0.0012
5588	Cell division protein FtsY	TM_0570	0.0012
5591	Complement component C8 gamma chain	C8G	0.0012
5587	Iron(III)-binding periplasmic protein	fbpA	0.0012
5583	RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase	rtcA	0.0012
5582	Regulator of transcription; stringent starvation protein A	sspA	0.0012
4238	50S ribosomal protein L4	rplD	0.0012
5578	50S ribosomal protein L4	rplD	0.0012
6173	50S ribosomal protein L4	rplD	0.0012
6219	50S ribosomal protein L4	rplD	0.0012
5592	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit beta	nrdF	0.0012
5581	Beta-fructosidase	bfrA	0.0012
5600	Pyruvate decarboxylase	pdc	0.0012
4375	Glutamine synthetase 1	glnA1	0.0012
5575	Short tail fiber protein	12	0.0012
5580	Hexon protein	PII	0.0012
5574	Invasin	YPTB1668	0.0012
625	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	FOLH1	0.0012
232	Corticosteroid-binding globulin	SERPINA6	0.0012
830	Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial	GLUD2	0.0012
3856	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	FGFR3	0.0012
228	Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor	PDGFRB	0.0012
5766	NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5	SIRT5	0.0012
668	Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit	GCLM	0.0012
6102	Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2	NAT2	0.0012
3991	Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase	NADSYN1	0.0011
3984	Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial	PET112L	0.0011
5	Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial	GLS2	0.0011
917	Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial	GLS	0.0011
355	GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	GMPS	0.0011
4353	GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	guaA	0.0011
3982	Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	PFAS	0.0011
5261	Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	purL	0.0011
1561	Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles	TNNC1	0.0011
514	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6	KCNH6	0.0011
772	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7	KCNH7	0.0011
916	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	GRM1	0.0011
665	Phosphoserine aminotransferase	PSAT1	0.0011
4652	Phosphoserine aminotransferase	serC	0.0011
801	Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial	AADAT	0.0011
3895	Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3	CCBL2	0.0011
420	Glutamate decarboxylase 1	GAD1	0.0011
3900	Glutamate decarboxylase 1	GAD1	0.0011
1467	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B	TNFSF13B	0.0011
707	72 kDa type IV collagenase	MMP2	0.0011
382	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1	GRIK1	0.0011
3132	Tryptophan synthase alpha chain	trpA	0.0011
6568	Tryptophan synthase alpha chain	trpA	0.0011
923	Glutamate receptor 3	GRIA3	0.0011
5006	RNASE4 protein	RNASE4	0.0011
2555	Pol polyprotein	pol	0.0011
3242	Pol polyprotein	gag-pol	0.0011
3471	Pol polyprotein	gag-pro-pol	0.0011
5256	Pol polyprotein	pol	0.0011
6469	Pol polyprotein	gag-pol	0.0011
6565	Pol polyprotein	Not Available	0.0011
3085	Molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotide biosynthesis protein A	mobA	0.0011
5328	Prostaglandin F synthase	Tb11.02.2310	0.0011
3729	Citrate synthase	gltA	0.0011
4575	Citrate synthase	cit	0.0011
4580	Citrate synthase	gltA	0.0011
201	Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	GLUD1	0.0011
5599	3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase	pcaB	0.0011
858	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	KCNA1	0.0011
83	Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial	AASS	0.0011
448	Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase	GGCX	0.001
1671	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	SLC1A1	0.001
2290	ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2	BST1	0.001
614	Progesterone receptor	PGR	0.001
210	Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase	EPRS	0.001
407	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	KDR	0.001
186	Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	GCLC	0.001
3877	Growth-inhibiting protein 18	GIG18	0.001
426	Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	GOT2	0.001
4311	tRNA	TRDMT1	0.001
4325	tRNA	trmD	0.001
4328	tRNA	trmD	0.001
4366	Riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase	TM_0857	0.001
914	Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase	FTCD	0.001
243	Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	NQO2	0.001
260	Cytochrome P450 51	ERG11	0.001
761	Cytochrome P450 51	ERG11	0.001
3163	Cytochrome P450 51	cyp51	0.001
144	Hemoglobin subunit alpha	HBA1	0.001
4373	Medium-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase	Not Available	0.001
2603	Beta-lactamase II	blm	0.001
763	Tyrosine aminotransferase	TAT	0.001
5493	Tyrosine aminotransferase	Not Available	0.001
2521	Cell division protein ftsZ	ftsZ	0.001
3301	Cell division protein ftsZ	ftsZ	0.001
2149	Angiogenin	ANG	0.001
735	Alanine aminotransferase 1	GPT	0.001
3904	Alanine aminotransferase 2	GPT2	0.001
518	Peroxidase/catalase T	katG	0.001
586	Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	GOT1	0.001
857	Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	MDH2	0.001
777	Tumor necrosis factor	TNF	0.0009
941	Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1	BHMT	0.0009
2942	Sialidase	nanH	0.0009
3546	Sialidase	nedA	0.0009
3486	Fumarate hydratase class II	fumC	0.0009
1123	Eosinophil cationic protein	RNASE3	0.0009
242	Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	ASNS	0.0009
3126	Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1	PARP1	0.0009
2869	1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase	dxr	0.0009
2286	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]	icd	0.0009
2302	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]	icd	0.0009
2771	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]	icd	0.0009
563	Thyroid peroxidase	TPO	0.0009
65	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Not Available	0.0009
2452	Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	trpS	0.0009
26	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3	FLT4	0.0009
295	Carbonic anhydrase 1	CA1	0.0009
2697	Uridine-cytidine kinase 2	UCK2	0.0009
574	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	BCAT1	0.0009
741	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	KCNQ1	0.0009
4122	Histone deacetylase 2	HDAC2	0.0009
2805	Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1	HS3ST3A1	0.0009
16	Adenosine A1 receptor	ADORA1	0.0009
241	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	ATP2C1	0.0009
3426	Glutamine synthetase	glnA	0.0009
3987	Glutamine synthetase	GLUL	0.0009
32	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	FLT1	0.0009
634	Squalene monooxygenase	SQLE	0.0009
7196	Squalene monooxygenase	ERG1	0.0009
2936	Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase	nfnB	0.0009
5184	Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase	nfnB	0.0009
411	Glycine N-methyltransferase	GNMT	0.0009
1262	Corticotropin-lipotropin	POMC	0.0008
3932	Glutathione S-transferase A2	GSTA2	0.0008
537	ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial	ATP5D	0.0008
1192	Sulfotransferase 1A1	SULT1A1	0.0008
5579	Carboxypeptidase B	CPB1	0.0008
3478	Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase	rmlA	0.0008
4277	Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase	rmlA	0.0008
3384	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	MIF	0.0008
522	26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2	PSMD2	0.0008
515	26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1	PSMD1	0.0008
1457	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4	ACSL4	0.0008
165	FL cytokine receptor	FLT3	0.0008
244	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	ACE	0.0008
128	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	APRT	0.0008
559	NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1	MT-ND1	0.0008
6126	Carbonic anhydrase 7	CA7	0.0008
6212	Tubulin gamma-1 chain	TUBG1	0.0008
6210	Tubulin delta chain	TUBD1	0.0008
6211	Tubulin epsilon chain	TUBE1	0.0008
2180	3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1	PDPK1	0.0008
4177	Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ret	RET	0.0008
482	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	GLRA1	0.0008
70	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	AGTR1	0.0008
866	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2	SLC7A8	0.0007
606	Cytochrome P450 27, mitochondrial	CYP27A1	0.0007
3854	Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	FGFR1	0.0007
122	P2Y purinoceptor 12	P2RY12	0.0007
581	Cytochrome P450 2R1	CYP2R1	0.0007
580	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3	GABRA3	0.0007
423	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2	GABRA2	0.0007
5878	Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit	CHRFAM7A	0.0007
6038	Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma	PDE6H	0.0007
245	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	SLC7A5	0.0007
4773	Deoxycytidine kinase	DCK	0.0007
3876	Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase	DDC	0.0007
2222	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	SLC29A1	0.0007
918	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2	GRIK2	0.0007
1992	Vitamin D-binding protein	GC	0.0007
319	Opioid receptor, sigma 1	OPRS1	0.0007
1618	High affinity nerve growth factor receptor	NTRK1	0.0007
921	Glutamate receptor 2	GRIA2	0.0007
368	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	inhA	0.0007
3228	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	fabI	0.0007
3678	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	fabI	0.0007
6856	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	fabI	0.0007
215	Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha	SCN11A	0.0007
6037	Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma	PDE6G	0.0007
592	Carbonic anhydrase 4	CA4	0.0006
4103	Proteasome subunit beta type 2	PSMB2	0.0006
4102	Proteasome subunit beta type 5	PSMB5	0.0006
4101	Proteasome subunit beta type 1	PSMB1	0.0006
1630	Integrin beta-2	ITGB2	0.0006
1374	Natriuretic peptides B	NPPB	0.0006
1827	Gap junction alpha-1 protein	GJA1	0.0006
1908	Vascular cell adhesion protein 1	VCAM1	0.0006
822	Aldose reductase	AKR1B1	0.0006
2450	Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK	ITK	0.0006
2216	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	FGFR4	0.0006
814	Ryanodine receptor 1	RYR1	0.0006
511	5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor	HTR1F	0.0006
6098	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	KCND2	0.0006
6099	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	KCND3	0.0006
6146	High affinity copper uptake protein 1	SLC31A1	0.0006
4100	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2	GABRB2	0.0006
2449	Tubulin alpha-3 chain	TUBA1A	0.0006
6046	Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d	CACNB1	0.0006
6048	Troponin C, skeletal muscle	TNNC2	0.0005
194	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2	NDUFC2	0.0005
268	Adenosine A2b receptor	ADORA2B	0.0005
6044	Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3	PON3	0.0005
6045	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3	CACNA2D3	0.0005
856	Vitamin D3 receptor	VDR	0.0005
183	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	VEGFA	0.0005
572	Integrin alpha-L	ITGAL	0.0005
904	Glutathione S-transferase P	GSTP1	0.0005
3868	Calcineurin subunit B isoform 2	PPP3R2	0.0005
421	Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand	CAMLG	0.0005
1864	RET proto-oncogene	RET	0.0005
1950	Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1	DDR1	0.0005
6094	BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9	BCR/ABL fusion	0.0005
6170	ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3	ABCA3	0.0005
233	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	KCNK2	0.0005
6824	Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn	LYN	0.0005
1275	Estrogen sulfotransferase	SULT1E1	0.0004
3802	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	SCN2A	0.0004
6931	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1	KCNMB1	0.0004
6933	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4	KCNMB4	0.0004
6932	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3	KCNMB3	0.0004
6934	Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1	KCNN1	0.0004
6935	Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2	KCNN2	0.0004
6936	Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3	KCNN3	0.0004
1768	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit	GNG2	0.0004
1581	G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2	KCNJ6	0.0004
1571	G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1	KCNJ3	0.0004
1268	Neuropeptide S receptor	NPSR1	0.0004
5787	Angiopoietin-1 receptor	TEK	0.0004
823	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	FGFR2	0.0004
5934	Cytochrome P450 26A1	CYP26A1	0.0004
6172	ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 8, mitochondrial	ABCB8	0.0004
6073	Potassium channel subfamily K member 9	KCNK9	0.0004
6072	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	KCNK3	0.0004
3937	Fatty-acid amide hydrolase	FAAH	0.0004
5463	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta 2	KCNMB2	0.0004
40	RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase	RAF1	0.0004
1524	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A	PPIA	0.0004
6700	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A	ppiA	0.0004
951	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor	CSF1R	0.0004
84	Nuclear receptor 0B1	NR0B1	0.0004
337	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial	NDUFS7	0.0004
214	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial	NDUFS3	0.0004
803	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial	NDUFS2	0.0004
3957	Adenosine deaminase	ADA	0.0004
6100	BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor	NTRK2	0.0003
158	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	SCN1A	0.0003
937	Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK	LCK	0.0003
6861	Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+]	AKR1A1	0.0003
469	Annexin A1	ANXA1	0.0003
6091	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	GABRQ	0.0003
2207	Rhodopsin	RHO	0.0003
6086	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	GABRG2	0.0003
6090	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	GABRP	0.0003
6092	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	GABRR2	0.0003
6088	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	GABRG3	0.0003
6115	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	GABRR3	0.0003
6087	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	GABRG1	0.0003
6093	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	GABRD	0.0003
6089	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	GABRE	0.0003
142	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1	GABRR1	0.0003
1086	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2	KCNQ2	0.0003
841	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6	GABRA6	0.0003
530	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4	GABRA4	0.0003
523	Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5	GABRA5	0.0002
2157	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1	NQO1	0.0002
734	D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon	CALY	0.0002

(*) Categorization taken from DrugBank: therapeutic category or general category of a drug (i.e. anti-convulsant, antibacterial, etc.)

DB00627 - Niacin

Targets

Enzymes

Transporters

Predictions