DT-Web

DB00161 - L-Valine


Identification
Name L-Valine
Accession Number DB00161 (NUTR00060)
Type small molecule
Description A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 117.1463
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 117.078978601
Pharmacology
Indication Promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and calm emotions. May also be of use in a minority of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in some with phenylketonuria.
Mechanism of action (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine)
This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates.
The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic.
There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS.
Absorption Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process.
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
Name Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
Gene Name PCCB
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Kim SN, Ryu KH, Lee EH, Kim JS, Hahn SH: Molecular analysis of PCCB gene in Korean patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Nov;77(3):209-16. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6894
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Name Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Gene Name BCAT1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Chen CD, Huang TF, Lin CH, Guan HH, Hsieh YC, Lin YH, Huang YC, Liu MY, Chang WC, Chen CJ: Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Jun 1;63(Pt 6):492-4. Epub 2007 May 5. - Pubmed
  • Beck HC: Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant of Staphylococcus carnosus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Feb 1;243(1):37-44. - Pubmed
  • Saito M, Nishimura K, Wakabayashi S, Kurihara T, Nagata Y: Purification of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):445-9. Epub 2006 Nov 2. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7636
Valyl-tRNA synthetase
Name Valyl-tRNA synthetase
Gene Name VARS
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Zhu B, Zhao MW, Eriani G, Wang ED: A present-day aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with ancestral editing properties. RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):15-21. Epub 2006 Nov 9. - Pubmed
  • Laforest MJ, Delage L, Marechal-Drouard L: The T-domain of cytosolic tRNAVal, an essential determinant for mitochondrial import. FEBS Lett. 2005 Feb 14;579(5):1072-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.797

Enzymes


Valyl-tRNA synthetase
Name Valyl-tRNA synthetase
Gene Name VARS
Actions substrate
References
  • Zhu B, Zhao MW, Eriani G, Wang ED: A present-day aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with ancestral editing properties. RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):15-21. Epub 2006 Nov 9. - Pubmed
  • Laforest MJ, Delage L, Marechal-Drouard L: The T-domain of cytosolic tRNAVal, an essential determinant for mitochondrial import. FEBS Lett. 2005 Feb 14;579(5):1072-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.797
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
Name Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
Gene Name PCCB
Actions substrate
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Kim SN, Ryu KH, Lee EH, Kim JS, Hahn SH: Molecular analysis of PCCB gene in Korean patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Nov;77(3):209-16. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6894
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Name Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Gene Name BCAT1
Actions substrate
References
  • Chen CD, Huang TF, Lin CH, Guan HH, Hsieh YC, Lin YH, Huang YC, Liu MY, Chang WC, Chen CJ: Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Jun 1;63(Pt 6):492-4. Epub 2007 May 5. - Pubmed
  • Beck HC: Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant of Staphylococcus carnosus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Feb 1;243(1):37-44. - Pubmed
  • Saito M, Nishimura K, Wakabayashi S, Kurihara T, Nagata Y: Purification of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):445-9. Epub 2006 Nov 2. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7636

Transporters


Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Name Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Gene Name SLC16A10
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6231

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
81 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial MCCC2 0.0826
177 Biotin--protein ligase HLCS 0.0826
547 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial PCCA 0.0825
495 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial MCCC1 0.0825
690 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 ACACA 0.0825
105 Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter SLC5A6 0.0681
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0674
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0618
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.0516
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.0515
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.0515
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0471
775 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 ACACB 0.0469
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0446
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0444
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0443
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0443
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0443
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.043
1566 Corticoliberin CRH 0.0413
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0339
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.0318
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0303
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.0297
2532 Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase panC 0.0285
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0274
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0245
5925 Neuropeptide Y NPY 0.0231
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.0229
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.022
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.022
4069 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial TARS2 0.0197
261 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic TARS 0.0197
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0183
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0182
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0173
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0168
2457 Bacillolysin nprS 0.016
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0149
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0149
815 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic HARS 0.0147
96 Histidine ammonia-lyase HAL 0.0147
6257 Histidine ammonia-lyase Not Available 0.0147
6536 Histidine ammonia-lyase hutH 0.0147
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0147
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0147
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0146
38 Cystinosin CTNS 0.0141
3998 B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A9 0.0141
1963 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT SLC3A1 0.0141
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.014
349 Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase AGXT 0.0139
150 Cationic amino acid transporter 3 SLC7A3 0.0137
235 High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A1 0.0137
58 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 SLC7A4 0.0137
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0134
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0133
399 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial YARS2 0.0127
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0126
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0121
3977 ASRGL1 protein ASRGL1 0.0121
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.0119
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0116
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0114
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0113
169 Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial NFS1 0.011
221 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase KARS 0.0109
4092 Probable asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial NARS2 0.0107
669 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic NARS 0.0107
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.0106
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.0106
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.0106
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.0106
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0101
72 Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic SARS 0.0099
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0098
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0098
42 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain FARSA 0.0096
6602 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain pheS 0.0096
31 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial FARS2 0.0096
618 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain FARSB 0.0096
6603 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain pheT 0.0096
619 Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 SLC7A2 0.0095
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0095
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0093
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0092
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0092
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0089
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0089
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0087
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0087
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0086
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0084
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.0079
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0077
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0076
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0075
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0075
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0075
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0075
3899 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2 AGXT2L2 0.0074
90 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 TPH2 0.0073
4063 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial WARS2 0.0073
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.0071
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.007
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.007
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.007
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.007
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.007
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.007
435 Kynureninase KYNU 0.007
4654 Kynureninase kynU 0.007
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0067
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0067
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0067
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0067
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0067
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0067
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0067
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0067
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0066
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0062
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0061
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0061
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.006
252 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic WARS 0.0059
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0059
532 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 0.0057
4070 Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial AARS2 0.0057
323 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic AARS 0.0057
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0057
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0057
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0056
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.0055
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0054
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0053
171 Cysteine dioxygenase CDO-1 0.0053
774 Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic CARS 0.0052
1314 Thiamine transporter 2 SLC19A3 0.0052
4064 Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial CARS2 0.0052
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0052
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0052
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.0051
593 Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 SLC36A1 0.0051
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0051
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.005
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0049
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0049
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0049
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0049
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0049
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0049
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0049
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0049
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0049
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0049
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0049
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0049
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0049
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0049
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0049
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0049
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0049
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0049
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0049
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0049
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0049
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0049
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0049
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0049
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0049
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.0049
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0048
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0048
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0048
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0048
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0048
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0048
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0048
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.0047
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.0047
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.0047
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0046
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0045
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0045
1999 Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase MGMT 0.0043
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0042
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0042
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0042
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0042
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0042
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0041
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0041
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0041
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0041
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0041
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0041
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0041
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0041
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.004
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.004
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.004
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0039
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0039
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0038
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0038
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0037
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0036
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0036
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0035
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0035
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0035
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0035
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0035
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0035
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0035
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0035
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0035
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0035
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0035
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0035
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0035
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0034
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0034
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0034
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0034
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0034
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0033
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.0033
3881 Selenocysteine lyase variant Not Available 0.0033
3908 P-selectin cytoplasmic tail-associated protein pcap 0.0033
3891 Putative L-Dopa decarboxylase DDC 0.0033
3915 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 1 CSAD 0.0033
3883 Ornithine aminotransferase variant Not Available 0.0033
306 Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PDXP 0.0033
3880 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Not Available 0.0033
3911 Uncharacterized protein C20orf38 SPTLC3 0.0033
3906 Serine dehydratase-like SDSL 0.0033
3896 CDNA FLJ46802 fis, clone TRACH3032150, moderately similar to Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase GADL1 0.0033
3909 Hepatic peroxysomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0033
3893 DDC protein DDC 0.0033
3887 Phosphorylase PYGB 0.0033
3914 Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase homolog TLH6 0.0033
3910 O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase SEPSECS 0.0033
855 Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 SGPL1 0.0033
3903 Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 ALAS2 0.0033
3886 Migration-inducing protein 4 ALAS1 0.0033
3878 GAD1 protein GAD1 0.0033
3894 KIAA0251 protein PDXDC1 0.0033
3875 Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form PYGB 0.0033
3882 Brain glycogen phosphorylase variant Not Available 0.0033
3905 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase MOCOS 0.0033
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0032
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0032
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0032
2632 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3323 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3975 Adenylosuccinate synthetase ADSS 0.0031
4598 Adenylosuccinate synthetase Adss 0.0031
6817 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3972 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 ADSS 0.0031
533 Aminoacylase-1 ACY1 0.0031
3969 Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole- succinocarboxamide synthase PAICS 0.0031
799 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic DARS 0.0031
209 Aspartoacylase ASPA 0.0031
3979 Aspartoacylase-2 ACY3 0.0031
3976 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial DARS2 0.0031
513 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2 SLC25A13 0.0031
305 Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier protein SLC25A13 0.0031
262 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 SLC25A12 0.0031
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0031
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0031
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.003
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.003
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.003
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0029
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0029
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0029
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0029
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0029
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0029
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0029
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0029
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0029
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0029
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0029
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0029
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0029
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0029
3913 Glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 0.0028
472 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial OAT 0.0027
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0027
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0027
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0027
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0027
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0027
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0026
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0026
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0026
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0026
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0025
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0025
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0025
203 Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase PNPO 0.0025
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0025
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0025
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0024
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.0024
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0024
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0024
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0024
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0024
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0023
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0023
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0023
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0023
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0023
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0023
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0023
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0023
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0023
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0023
4058 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 GLYATL2 0.0022
4057 Glycine N-acyltransferase GLYAT 0.0022
4059 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 GLYATL1 0.0022
4056 N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 0.0022
4061 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase PIPOX 0.0022
4055 Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase BAAT 0.0022
1236 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 SLC6A9 0.0022
4062 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 SLC6A5 0.0022
4060 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1 0.0022
1088 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial ALAS2 0.0022
1466 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase GARS 0.0022
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0022
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0021
3978 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 ADSSL1 0.0021
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.002
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.002
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.002
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0018
4054 Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial GCSH 0.0017
62 Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB 0.0017
383 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial GATM 0.0016
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0016
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0016
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0015
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0014
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0014
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0013
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