DT-Web

DB00160 - L-Alanine


Identification
Name L-Alanine
Accession Number DB00160 (NUTR00013)
Type small molecule
Description A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 89.0932
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 89.047678473
Pharmacology
Indication Used for protein synthesis.
Mechanism of action L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. BCAAs are used as a source of energy for muscle cells. During prolonged exercise, BCAAs are released from skeletal muscles and their carbon backbones are used as fuel, while their nitrogen portion is used to form another amino acid, Alanine. Alanine is then converted to Glucose by the liver. This form of energy production is called the Alanine-Glucose cycle, and it plays a major role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
Name Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
Gene Name AGXT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Salido EC, Li XM, Lu Y, Wang X, Santana A, Roy-Chowdhury N, Torres A, Shapiro LJ, Roy-Chowdhury J: Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-deficient mice, a model for primary hyperoxaluria that responds to adenoviral gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 28;103(48):18249-54. Epub 2006 Nov 16. - Pubmed
  • Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Florian F, Puzzer D, Boniotto M, Crovella S, Zezlina S, Spano A, Mazzola G, Savoldi S, Ferrettini C, Berutti S, Petrarulo M, Marangella M: AGXT gene mutations and their influence on clinical heterogeneity of type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Oct;12(10):2072-9. - Pubmed
  • Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Amoroso A, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Molecular analysis of hyperoxaluria type 1 in Italian patients reveals eight new mutations in the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):523-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9822
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
Name 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
Gene Name ABAT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Amadasi A, Bertoldi M, Contestabile R, Bettati S, Cellini B, di Salvo ML, Borri-Voltattorni C, Bossa F, Mozzarelli A: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes as targets for therapeutic agents. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(12):1291-324. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9363
Kynureninase
Name Kynureninase
Gene Name KYNU
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Christensen M, Duno M, Lund AM, Skovby F, Christensen E: Xanthurenic aciduria due to a mutation in KYNU encoding kynureninase. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007 Apr;30(2):248-55. Epub 2007 Mar 1. - Pubmed
  • Lima S, Khristoforov R, Momany C, Phillips RS: Crystal structure of Homo sapiens kynureninase. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 13;46(10):2735-44. Epub 2007 Feb 15. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0438
Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
Name Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
Gene Name AARS2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Nagan MC, Beuning P, Musier-Forsyth K, Cramer CJ: Importance of discriminator base stacking interactions: molecular dynamics analysis of A73 microhelix(Ala) variants. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 1;28(13):2527-34. - Pubmed
  • McClain WH, Gabriel K, Schneider J: Specific function of a G.U wobble pair from an adjacent helical site in tRNA(Ala) during recognition by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. RNA. 1996 Feb;2(2):105-9. - Pubmed
  • Buechter DD, Schimmel P: Minor groove recognition of the critical acceptor helix base pair by an appended module of a class II tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry. 1995 May 9;34(18):6014-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7039
Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2
Name Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2
Gene Name AGXT2L2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5712
Alanine aminotransferase 2
Name Alanine aminotransferase 2
Gene Name GPT2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Yang RZ, Blaileanu G, Hansen BC, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase. Genomics. 2002 Mar;79(3):445-50. - Pubmed
  • Jadhao SB, Yang RZ, Lin Q, Hu H, Anania FA, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW: Murine alanine aminotransferase: cDNA cloning, functional expression, and differential gene regulation in mouse fatty liver. Hepatology. 2004 May;39(5):1297-302. - Pubmed
  • Rajamohan F, Nelms L, Joslin DL, Lu B, Reagan WJ, Lawton M: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, distribution, and characterization of biologically active canine alanine aminotransferase-1. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jul;48(1):81-9. Epub 2006 Jan 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5458
Alanine aminotransferase 1
Name Alanine aminotransferase 1
Gene Name GPT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Miyashita Y, Dolferus R, Ismond KP, Good AG: Alanine aminotransferase catalyses the breakdown of alanine after hypoxia in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2007 Mar;49(6):1108-21. Epub 2007 Feb 22. - Pubmed
  • Gray S, Wang B, Orihuela Y, Hong EG, Fisch S, Haldar S, Cline GW, Kim JK, Peroni OD, Kahn BB, Jain MK: Regulation of gluconeogenesis by Kruppel-like factor 15. Cell Metab. 2007 Apr;5(4):305-12. - Pubmed
  • Taracha E, Habrat B, Chrapusta SJ, Lehner M, Wislowska A, Woronowicz BT, Bogulas M, Charewicz J, Markuszewski C, Plaznik A: Combining markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for improved monitoring and detection of chronic alcohol abuse. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(12):1446-52. - Pubmed
  • Chen CH, Lee RP, Wu WT, Liao KW, Hsu N, Hsu BG: Fluvastatin ameliorates endotoxin induced multiple organ failure in conscious rats. Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):166-74. Epub 2007 Mar 13. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5457
Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial
Name Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial
Gene Name NFS1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • You D, Wang L, Yao F, Zhou X, Deng Z: A novel DNA modification by sulfur: DndA is a NifS-like cysteine desulfurase capable of assembling DndC as an iron-sulfur cluster protein in Streptomyces lividans. Biochemistry. 2007 May 22;46(20):6126-33. Epub 2007 May 1. - Pubmed
  • Zeng J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Xia L, Liu J, Qiu G: Expression, purification and characterization of a cysteine desulfurase, IscS, from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biotechnol Lett. 2007 Jul 28;. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5779
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1
Name Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1
Gene Name SLC36A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Miyauchi S, Abbot EL, Zhuang L, Subramanian R, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT: Isolation and function of the amino acid transporter PAT1 (slc36a1) from rabbit and discrimination between transport via PAT1 and system IMINO in renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Mol Membr Biol. 2005 Nov-Dec;22(6):549-59. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2831
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
Name Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
Gene Name SLC7A8
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Broer S, Broer A, Hansen JT, Bubb WA, Balcar VJ, Nasrallah FA, Garner B, Rae C: Alanine metabolism, transport, and cycling in the brain. J Neurochem. 2007 Sep;102(6):1758-70. Epub 2007 May 14. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6512
Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial
Name Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial
Gene Name AGXT2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Okuno E, Ishikawa T, Kawai J, Kido R: Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activities in liver of Suncus murinus (insectivora). Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1988;90(4):773-8. - Pubmed
  • Takada Y, Mori T, Noguchi T: The effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzymes in rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Feb 15;229(1):1-6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5468
Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
Name Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
Gene Name AARS
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Nagan MC, Beuning P, Musier-Forsyth K, Cramer CJ: Importance of discriminator base stacking interactions: molecular dynamics analysis of A73 microhelix(Ala) variants. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 1;28(13):2527-34. - Pubmed
  • McClain WH, Gabriel K, Schneider J: Specific function of a G.U wobble pair from an adjacent helical site in tRNA(Ala) during recognition by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. RNA. 1996 Feb;2(2):105-9. - Pubmed
  • Buechter DD, Schimmel P: Minor groove recognition of the critical acceptor helix base pair by an appended module of a class II tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry. 1995 May 9;34(18):6014-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.704
Neutral amino acid transporter A
Name Neutral amino acid transporter A
Gene Name SLC1A4
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Zhang Z, Papageorgiou G, Corrie JE, Grewer C: Pre-steady-state currents in neutral amino acid transporters induced by photolysis of a new caged alanine derivative. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 27;46(12):3872-80. Epub 2007 Feb 21. - Pubmed
  • Takasaki C, Miura E, Watanabe M: Segmental and complementary expression of L-serine biosynthetic enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1 in the mouse kidney. Biomed Res. 2007 Apr;28(2):61-9. - Pubmed
  • Zhang Z, Grewer C: The sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter SNAT2 mediates an anion leak conductance that is differentially inhibited by transported substrates. Biophys J. 2007 Apr 1;92(7):2621-32. Epub 2007 Jan 19. - Pubmed
  • Pinho MJ, Pinto V, Serrao MP, Jose PA, Soares-da-Silva P: Underexpression of the Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 in the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):R538-47. Epub 2007 May 2. - Pubmed
  • Wu Y, Shen D, Chen Z, Clayton S, Vadgama JV: Taxol induced apoptosis regulates amino acid transport in breast cancer cells. Apoptosis. 2007 Mar;12(3):593-612. Epub 2006 Dec 29. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7036

Transporters


Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Name Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Gene Name SLC16A10
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7087

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
4654 Kynureninase kynU 1.0438
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.1468
240 Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor, subunit 1 GABBR1 0.1195
3913 Glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 0.1016
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.1001
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0973
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0973
6556 Elongation factor Tu GTP-binding domain-containing protein 1 EFTUD1 0.0915
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.0787
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.0787
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.0786
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.0786
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.0785
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0759
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0754
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.0669
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.0669
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.0669
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0669
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0625
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0606
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0592
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0592
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0592
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0592
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0592
31 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial FARS2 0.058
42 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain FARSA 0.058
6602 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain pheS 0.058
618 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain FARSB 0.058
6603 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain pheT 0.058
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0569
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0555
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0548
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0548
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0548
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0548
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0548
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0548
1483 Membrane copper amine oxidase AOC3 0.0542
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0528
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0525
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0513
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0504
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0501
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.05
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.05
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0498
3909 Hepatic peroxysomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0487
3914 Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase homolog TLH6 0.0482
3881 Selenocysteine lyase variant Not Available 0.048
3911 Uncharacterized protein C20orf38 SPTLC3 0.048
3883 Ornithine aminotransferase variant Not Available 0.048
3887 Phosphorylase PYGB 0.048
3915 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 1 CSAD 0.0479
3908 P-selectin cytoplasmic tail-associated protein pcap 0.0479
306 Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PDXP 0.0479
3906 Serine dehydratase-like SDSL 0.0479
3896 CDNA FLJ46802 fis, clone TRACH3032150, moderately similar to Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase GADL1 0.0479
3891 Putative L-Dopa decarboxylase DDC 0.0479
3910 O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase SEPSECS 0.0479
3903 Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 ALAS2 0.0479
3878 GAD1 protein GAD1 0.0479
855 Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 SGPL1 0.0479
3880 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Not Available 0.0479
3893 DDC protein DDC 0.0479
3886 Migration-inducing protein 4 ALAS1 0.0479
3894 KIAA0251 protein PDXDC1 0.0479
3905 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase MOCOS 0.0479
3875 Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form PYGB 0.0479
3882 Brain glycogen phosphorylase variant Not Available 0.0479
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0478
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0465
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0464
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0456
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.0454
72 Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic SARS 0.0448
171 Cysteine dioxygenase CDO-1 0.0447
1314 Thiamine transporter 2 SLC19A3 0.0446
4064 Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial CARS2 0.0446
774 Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic CARS 0.0446
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0439
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0434
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0429
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0429
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0429
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0429
1566 Corticoliberin CRH 0.0413
4096 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 GRM3 0.0401
1362 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 GRM2 0.04
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0391
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0383
2178 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 GRM5 0.0375
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0365
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0365
472 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial OAT 0.0359
203 Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase PNPO 0.0343
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0342
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.034
1999 Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase MGMT 0.034
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.0335
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0332
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0325
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0324
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.032
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.032
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0319
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0318
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0312
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0311
4058 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 GLYATL2 0.0309
4059 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 GLYATL1 0.0309
4061 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase PIPOX 0.0309
4056 N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 0.0309
4057 Glycine N-acyltransferase GLYAT 0.0309
4055 Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase BAAT 0.0309
1088 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial ALAS2 0.0309
4060 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1 0.0309
1236 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 SLC6A9 0.0309
1466 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase GARS 0.0309
4062 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 SLC6A5 0.0309
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.029
2532 Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase panC 0.0285
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0284
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0284
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0283
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0283
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0283
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0283
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0283
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0283
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0283
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0283
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0283
5492 Cystathionine gamma-synthase metB 0.027
5491 Methionine gamma-lyase mdeA 0.027
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0265
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0264
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.0259
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0254
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0245
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0244
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0244
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0243
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.0241
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0241
4054 Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial GCSH 0.0239
62 Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB 0.0236
5925 Neuropeptide Y NPY 0.0231
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0225
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0225
4823 L-allo-threonine aldolase TM_1744 0.0218
383 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial GATM 0.0218
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0217
2758 Adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase bioA 0.0215
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0201
4069 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial TARS2 0.0197
261 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic TARS 0.0197
246 Valyl-tRNA synthetase VARS 0.0196
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0192
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0191
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0191
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0186
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0186
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0176
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0173
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0173
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0173
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0173
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0173
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0173
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0173
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0173
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0171
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0168
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0162
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0161
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0161
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0161
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0161
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0161
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0161
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0161
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0161
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0161
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0161
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0161
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0161
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0161
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0161
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0161
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0161
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0161
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0161
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0161
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0161
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0161
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0161
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0161
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0161
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.016
2457 Bacillolysin nprS 0.016
2249 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0159
2671 Aspartate aminotransferase aspC 0.0159
5490 Aspartate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0159
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.0157
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0155
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0152
815 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic HARS 0.0147
96 Histidine ammonia-lyase HAL 0.0147
6257 Histidine ammonia-lyase Not Available 0.0147
6536 Histidine ammonia-lyase hutH 0.0147
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0147
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0147
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0146
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0141
38 Cystinosin CTNS 0.0141
3998 B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A9 0.0141
1963 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT SLC3A1 0.0141
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.014
150 Cationic amino acid transporter 3 SLC7A3 0.0137
235 High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A1 0.0137
58 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 SLC7A4 0.0137
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0134
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0134
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0134
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0133
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0133
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0133
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0128
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0127
399 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial YARS2 0.0127
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0125
3977 ASRGL1 protein ASRGL1 0.0121
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0117
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0114
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0114
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.0111
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0111
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.011
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.011
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.011
221 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase KARS 0.0109
4092 Probable asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial NARS2 0.0107
669 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic NARS 0.0107
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0107
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0107
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0105
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0101
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0097
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0097
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0097
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0097
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0097
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0096
619 Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 SLC7A2 0.0095
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0089
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.008
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0077
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0075
90 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 TPH2 0.0073
4063 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial WARS2 0.0073
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0073
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0067
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0066
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0064
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0064
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0061
252 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic WARS 0.0059
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0059
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0057
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0056
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0056
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.0055
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0054
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0053
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.0051
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0051
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.005
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.005
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.005
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0049
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0048
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0048
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0048
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0048
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0048
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0048
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0046
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0045
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0045
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0041
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0041
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.004
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.004
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0039
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0039
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0038
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0038
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0037
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0037
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0036
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0035
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0035
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0035
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0035
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0035
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0035
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0035
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0035
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0035
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0034
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0034
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0034
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.0033
2632 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3323 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3975 Adenylosuccinate synthetase ADSS 0.0031
4598 Adenylosuccinate synthetase Adss 0.0031
6817 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3972 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 ADSS 0.0031
533 Aminoacylase-1 ACY1 0.0031
3969 Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole- succinocarboxamide synthase PAICS 0.0031
799 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic DARS 0.0031
209 Aspartoacylase ASPA 0.0031
3979 Aspartoacylase-2 ACY3 0.0031
3976 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial DARS2 0.0031
513 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2 SLC25A13 0.0031
305 Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier protein SLC25A13 0.0031
262 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 SLC25A12 0.0031
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0031
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0031
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.003
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.003
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.003
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.003
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0029
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0029
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0029
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0028
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0027
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0027
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0027
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0027
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0027
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0026
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0026
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0026
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0025
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0025
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0025
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0025
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0025
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0024
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0024
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0024
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0023
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0023
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0023
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0023
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0023
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0023
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0023
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0022
3978 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 ADSSL1 0.0021
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.002
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0016
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