DT-Web

DB00138 - L-Cystine


Identification
Name L-Cystine
Accession Number DB00138 (NUTR00023)
Type small molecule
Description A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 240.3
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 240.023848262
Pharmacology
Indication It has been claimed that L-cysteine has anti-inflammatory properties, that it can protect against various toxins, and that it might be helpful in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. More research will have to be done before L-cysteine can be indicated for any of these conditions. Research to date has mostly been in animal models.
Mechanism of action Certain conditions, e.g. an acetaminophen overdose, deplete hepatic glutathione and subject the tissues to oxidative stress resulting in loss of cellular integrity. L-Cystine serves as a major precursor for synthesis of glutathione.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity With typical doses of 1 to 1.5 grams daily, the most commonly reported side effects have been gastrointestinal, such as nausea. There are rare reports of cystine renal stone formation, Single injections of L-cysteine (0.6-1.5 g/kg) into 4-day-old pups resulted in massive damage to cortical neurons, permanent retinal dystrophy, atrophy of the brain and hyperactivity.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Cystine/glutamate transporter
Name Cystine/glutamate transporter
Gene Name SLC7A11
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Tomi M, Hosoya K, Takanaga H, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T: Induction of xCT gene expression and L-cystine transport activity by diethyl maleate at the inner blood-retinal barrier. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Mar;43(3):774-9. - Pubmed
  • Hosoya K, Tomi M, Ohtsuki S, Takanaga H, Saeki S, Kanai Y, Endou H, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Terasaki T: Enhancement of L-cystine transport activity and its relation to xCT gene induction at the blood-brain barrier by diethyl maleate treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jul;302(1):225-31. - Pubmed
  • Ruiz E, Siow RC, Bartlett SR, Jenner AM, Sato H, Bannai S, Mann GE: Vitamin C inhibits diethylmaleate-induced L-cystine transport in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jan 1;34(1):103-10. - Pubmed
  • Bridges CC, Zalups RK: Cystine and glutamate transport in renal epithelial cells transfected with human system x(-) (c). Kidney Int. 2005 Aug;68(2):653-64. - Pubmed
  • Tomi M, Funaki T, Abukawa H, Katayama K, Kondo T, Ohtsuki S, Ueda M, Obinata M, Terasaki T, Hosoya K: Expression and regulation of L-cystine transporter, system xc-, in the newly developed rat retinal Muller cell line (TR-MUL). Glia. 2003 Sep;43(3):208-17. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7098
Cystinosin
Name Cystinosin
Gene Name CTNS
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Kalatzis V, Cherqui S, Antignac C, Gasnier B: Cystinosin, the protein defective in cystinosis, is a H(+)-driven lysosomal cystine transporter. EMBO J. 2001 Nov 1;20(21):5940-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.1438
B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1
Name B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1
Gene Name SLC7A9
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.1439
Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT
Name Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT
Gene Name SLC3A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.1434

Transporters


Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Name Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Gene Name SLC16A10
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6848

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0652
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0446
1566 Corticoliberin CRH 0.0413
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.038
2532 Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase panC 0.0285
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.0285
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0258
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0245
5925 Neuropeptide Y NPY 0.0231
314 System N amino acid transporter 1 SLC38A3 0.0229
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0228
78 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial ACAT1 0.0218
4069 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial TARS2 0.0197
261 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic TARS 0.0197
246 Valyl-tRNA synthetase VARS 0.0196
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0192
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0192
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0185
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0183
5469 Head decoration protein shp 0.0168
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0167
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0166
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0166
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0163
2457 Bacillolysin nprS 0.016
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.0157
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0154
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0154
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0152
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0149
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0148
815 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic HARS 0.0147
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0147
96 Histidine ammonia-lyase HAL 0.0147
6257 Histidine ammonia-lyase Not Available 0.0147
6536 Histidine ammonia-lyase hutH 0.0147
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0147
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0147
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0145
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0144
150 Cationic amino acid transporter 3 SLC7A3 0.0137
235 High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A1 0.0137
58 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 SLC7A4 0.0137
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0134
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0129
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0128
399 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial YARS2 0.0127
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0126
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0125
3977 ASRGL1 protein ASRGL1 0.0121
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0119
263 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) SLC1A5 0.0119
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0118
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0117
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0116
349 Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase AGXT 0.0115
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.011
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.011
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.011
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.011
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0109
221 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase KARS 0.0109
4092 Probable asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial NARS2 0.0107
669 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic NARS 0.0107
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0106
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0106
5650 NimA-related protein DR_0842 0.0101
72 Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic SARS 0.0099
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0098
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0098
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0098
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0097
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0097
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0097
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0097
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0096
42 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain FARSA 0.0096
6602 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain pheS 0.0096
31 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial FARS2 0.0096
618 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain FARSB 0.0096
6603 Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain pheT 0.0096
619 Low-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 SLC7A2 0.0095
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0093
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0093
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0092
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0092
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0092
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.009
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0089
256 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic YARS 0.0089
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0089
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0087
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0087
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0086
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0086
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0084
169 Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial NFS1 0.0081
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.008
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.0077
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0076
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.0076
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.0076
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.0076
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.0076
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0075
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0075
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0075
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0073
90 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 TPH2 0.0073
4063 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial WARS2 0.0073
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0071
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.007
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.007
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0068
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0068
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0067
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0067
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.0066
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0064
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0064
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0064
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0064
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0064
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0064
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0064
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0064
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0062
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0062
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0061
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0059
252 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic WARS 0.0059
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0059
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0058
532 Neutral amino acid transporter A SLC1A4 0.0057
4070 Probable alanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial AARS2 0.0057
323 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic AARS 0.0057
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0057
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0057
2452 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase trpS 0.0056
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0056
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.0055
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.0054
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0053
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0053
171 Cysteine dioxygenase CDO-1 0.0053
774 Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic CARS 0.0052
1314 Thiamine transporter 2 SLC19A3 0.0052
4064 Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial CARS2 0.0052
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0052
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0052
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0052
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.0051
593 Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 SLC36A1 0.0051
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0051
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.005
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.005
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0049
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.0049
3971 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase CAD 0.0049
480 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 MSRB2 0.0048
317 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase SEPX1 0.0048
3996 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 BHMT2 0.0048
3921 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta MAT2B 0.0048
3995 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial MARS2 0.0048
600 Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic MARS 0.0048
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0046
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0045
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0045
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0045
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0045
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0045
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0045
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0045
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0045
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0045
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0045
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0045
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0045
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0045
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0045
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0045
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0045
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0045
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0045
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0045
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0045
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0045
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0045
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0045
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0045
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0045
3899 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2 AGXT2L2 0.0044
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0044
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0043
1999 Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase MGMT 0.0043
435 Kynureninase KYNU 0.0041
4654 Kynureninase kynU 0.0041
397 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 SLC16A8 0.0041
218 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 SLC16A4 0.0041
195 Monocarboxylate transporter 7 SLC16A6 0.0041
429 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 SLC16A5 0.0041
191 Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRA 0.0041
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.004
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.004
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.004
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.004
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.004
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0039
941 Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 BHMT 0.0039
334 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 MAT2A 0.0038
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0037
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0037
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0037
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0037
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0037
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0037
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0037
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0037
453 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-1 MAT1A 0.0036
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0036
52 Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L PKLR 0.0035
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0035
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0035
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0035
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0035
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0035
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.0035
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0035
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.0035
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.0035
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.0035
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.0035
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.0035
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0034
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0034
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0034
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0034
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0034
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0033
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0033
840 Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial MTRR 0.0033
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0032
98 Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 PKM2 0.0032
2632 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3323 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3975 Adenylosuccinate synthetase ADSS 0.0031
4598 Adenylosuccinate synthetase Adss 0.0031
6817 Adenylosuccinate synthetase purA 0.0031
3972 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 ADSS 0.0031
533 Aminoacylase-1 ACY1 0.0031
3969 Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole- succinocarboxamide synthase PAICS 0.0031
799 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic DARS 0.0031
209 Aspartoacylase ASPA 0.0031
3979 Aspartoacylase-2 ACY3 0.0031
3976 Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial DARS2 0.0031
513 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2 SLC25A13 0.0031
305 Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier protein SLC25A13 0.0031
262 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 SLC25A12 0.0031
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0031
809 Methionine synthase MTR 0.0031
2935 Methionine synthase metH 0.0031
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.003
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.003
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0029
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.0029
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0029
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0029
1008 CTP synthase 1 CTPS 0.0029
3988 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K TGM1 0.0029
3985 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 GFPT2 0.0029
3990 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 TGM4 0.0029
3986 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 TGM6 0.0029
3992 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z TGM7 0.0029
3983 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 TGM5 0.0029
3989 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase QARS 0.0029
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0029
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0028
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0027
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0027
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0027
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0027
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.0027
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0027
2795 Methionine aminopeptidase 2 METAP2 0.0026
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0026
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0026
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0026
3949 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 LEPREL1 0.0025
3945 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 LEPRE1 0.0025
3951 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 LEPREL2 0.0025
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0025
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0024
1596 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 TGM2 0.0024
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0024
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0024
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0024
6 Coagulation factor XIII A chain F13A1 0.0024
67 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 P4HA1 0.0023
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0023
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0023
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0023
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0023
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0023
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0023
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0023
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0023
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0022
4058 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 GLYATL2 0.0022
4057 Glycine N-acyltransferase GLYAT 0.0022
4059 Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 GLYATL1 0.0022
4056 N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 0.0022
4061 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase PIPOX 0.0022
4055 Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase BAAT 0.0022
1236 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 SLC6A9 0.0022
4062 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 SLC6A5 0.0022
4060 Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1 0.0022
1088 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial ALAS2 0.0022
1466 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase GARS 0.0022
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0022
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0021
3978 Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 ADSSL1 0.0021
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.002
2339 Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E TGM3 0.002
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0018
4054 Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial GCSH 0.0017
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.0017
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.0017
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.0017
62 Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB 0.0017
383 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial GATM 0.0016
411 Glycine N-methyltransferase GNMT 0.0016
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0016
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0015
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0015
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0015
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0015
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0015
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0014
461 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3 0.0014
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0014
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0013
↑