DT-Web

DB01014 - Balsalazide


Identification
Name Balsalazide
Accession Number DB01014 (APRD00141)
Type small molecule
Description Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. It is sold under the name "Colazal" in the US and "Colazide" in the UK. The chemical name is (E)-5-[[-4-(2-carboxyethyl) aminocarbonyl] phenyl]azo] -2-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is usually administered as the disodium salt. Balsalazide releases mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, or 5-ASA, in the large intestine. Its advantage over that drug in the treatment of Ulcerative colitis is believed to be the delivery of the active agent past the small intestine to the large intestine, the active site of ulcerative colitis.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 357.3175
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 357.096085227
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid is unknown, but appears exert its anti-inflammatory effects locally (in the GI tract) rather than systemically. Mucosal production of arachidonic acid metabolites, both through the cyclooxygenase pathways (catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin precursors from arachidonic acid), and through the lipoxygenase pathways (catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from arachidonic acid and its metabolites), is increased in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, it is possible that 5-aminosalicylic acid diminishes inflammation by blocking production of arachidonic acid metabolites in the colon through both the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.
Absorption Low and variable, intact balsalazide is poorly absorbed systemically.
Protein binding ≥99%
Biotransformation Cleaved in the colon via bacterial azoreduction to 5–aminosalicylic acid (5–ASA) and 4–aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine, the inactive carrier moiety.
Route of elimination The products of the azoreduction of this compound, 5-ASA and 4-aminobenzoyl-ss-alanine, and their N-acetylated metabolites have been identified in plasma, urine and feces. Following single-dose administration of 2.25 g COLAZAL (three 750 mg capsules) under fasting conditions in healthy subjects, mean urinary recovery of balsalazide, 5-ASA, and N-Ac-5-ASA was 0.20%, 0.22% and 10.2%, respectively.
Toxicity A single oral dose of balsalazide disodium at 5 grams/kg or 4-aminobenzoyl-(beta)-alanine, a metabolite of balsalazide disodium, at 1 gram/kg was non-lethal in mice and rats. No symptoms of acute toxicity were seen at these doses.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Gene Name PPARG
Pharmacological action yes
Actions agonist
References
  • Tursi A: Balsalazide in treating colonic diseases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Dec;5(12):1555-63. - Pubmed
  • Iacucci M, de Silva S, Ghosh S: Mesalazine in inflammatory bowel disease: a trendy topic once again? Can J Gastroenterol. 2010 Feb;24(2):127-33. - Pubmed
  • Desreumaux P, Ghosh S: Review article: mode of action and delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid - new evidence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Sep;24 Suppl 1:2-9. - Pubmed
  • Linard C, Gremy O, Benderitter M: Reduction of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma expression by gamma-irradiation as a mechanism contributing to inflammatory response in rat colon: modulation by the 5-aminosalicylic acid agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):911-20. Epub 2007 Dec 12. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0889
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Gene Name PTGS2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Wiggins JB, Rajapakse R: Balsalazide: a novel 5-aminosalicylate prodrug for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1279-84. - Pubmed
  • Stolfi C, Fina D, Caruso R, Caprioli F, Sarra M, Fantini MC, Rizzo A, Pallone F, Monteleone G: Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent and -independent inhibition of proliferation of colon cancer cells by 5-aminosalicylic acid. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 1;75(3):668-76. Epub 2007 Sep 29. - Pubmed
  • Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6658
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Gene Name PTGS1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Wiggins JB, Rajapakse R: Balsalazide: a novel 5-aminosalicylate prodrug for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1279-84. - Pubmed
  • Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7422
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Name Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Gene Name ALOX5
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Wiggins JB, Rajapakse R: Balsalazide: a novel 5-aminosalicylate prodrug for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1279-84. - Pubmed
  • Rask-Madsen J, Bukhave K, Laursen LS, Lauritsen K: 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Agents Actions. 1992;Spec No:C37-46. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4564

Enzymes


NADPH azoreductase
Name NADPH azoreductase
Gene Name azr
Actions substrate
References
  • Ragunath K, Williams JG: Review article: balsalazide therapy in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Oct;15(10):1549-54. - Pubmed
  • Ryan A, Laurieri N, Westwood I, Wang CJ, Lowe E, Sim E: A novel mechanism for azoreduction. J Mol Biol. 2010 Jul 2;400(1):24-37. Epub 2010 Apr 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4549

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.1285
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0766
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0759
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0683
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0638
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0621
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0524
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.052
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0507
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0489
6182 Cytochrome P450 2J2 CYP2J2 0.0472
6228 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 NCOA1 0.0462
61 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0383
2644 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0383
2710 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0383
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0352
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0348
80 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPARA 0.0345
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0327
459 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA 0.0323
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0322
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0313
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0309
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0306
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0296
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0296
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0288
6241 Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 NCOA2 0.028
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0279
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0264
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0263
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0258
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0252
78 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial ACAT1 0.0247
3312 Fatty acid-binding protein, brain FABP7 0.0243
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0243
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0236
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.022
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.021
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.021
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0206
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0204
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0197
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0191
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.0186
1159 Interleukin-6 IL6 0.0185
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0183
1457 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 ACSL4 0.0175
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0173
778 Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CYSLTR1 0.0169
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0164
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0156
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0146
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.0135
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0133
850 Vasopressin V1b receptor AVPR1B 0.0122
1787 Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit NFKB1 0.012
777 Tumor necrosis factor TNF 0.0117
853 Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase FDPS 0.0113
70 Type-1 angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 0.0111
759 Free fatty acid receptor 1 FFAR1 0.011
1818 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3 ACSL3 0.011
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.011
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0108
185 Vasopressin V1a receptor AVPR1A 0.0107
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0106
322 Vasopressin V2 receptor AVPR2 0.0105
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.01
1654 Interleukin-1 beta IL1B 0.01
1439 Lactotransferrin LTF 0.0098
1053 BC269730_2 FADS1 0.0096
1395 Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 SLC8A1 0.0096
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0094
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0094
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0094
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0092
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0092
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.009
4132 Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka CLCNKA 0.009
1558 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 TRPV1 0.009
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0089
782 ADP/ATP translocase 2 SLC25A5 0.0086
688 ADP/ATP translocase 3 SLC25A6 0.0086
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0086
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0083
494 Caspase-1 CASP1 0.0083
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0082
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.0082
1648 Elastin ELN 0.0082
5997 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 TNFSF11 0.0081
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0078
22 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0076
6714 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0076
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0076
4221 Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF 0.0075
5816 Cadherin-5 CDH5 0.0075
86 SEC14-like protein 4 SEC14L4 0.0075
4077 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform PPP2CB 0.0075
375 SEC14-like protein 3 SEC14L3 0.0075
4076 Diacylglycerol kinase alpha DGKA 0.0075
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0075
140 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0072
6719 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0072
6725 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0072
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0072
2077 Caspase-3 CASP3 0.0069
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0068
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0067
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0067
708 Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein TTPA 0.0065
130 Prostacyclin synthase PTGIS 0.0065
661 ADP/ATP translocase 1 SLC25A4 0.0064
283 SEC14-like protein 2 SEC14L2 0.0064
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0063
905 Glutathione transferase omega-1 GSTO1 0.0063
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0063
899 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 GSTM3 0.0063
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0062
4078 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform PPP2CA 0.0061
3823 Cytokine receptor common gamma chain IL2RG 0.0061
810 Heme oxygenase 1 HMOX1 0.006
3391 Heme oxygenase 1 pbsA1 0.006
134 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 TPH1 0.006
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0059
997 Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB 0.0059
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0059
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0059
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0057
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0057
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0056
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0056
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0056
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0055
1970 Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA 0.0055
676 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH 0.0054
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.0053
724 Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain IL2RA 0.0053
717 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta IL2RB 0.0053
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0053
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0052
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0051
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.005
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.005
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.005
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.005
695 cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A PDE10A 0.0049
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0049
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0049
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0049
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0048
823 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 FGFR2 0.0047
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0047
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0046
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0046
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0046
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0045
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0045
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0044
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0044
3601 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0044
3807 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0044
3808 Dihydropteroate synthase 2 folP2 0.0044
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0042
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0042
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0041
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0041
811 Translocator protein TSPO 0.004
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.004
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.004
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0039
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0039
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0037
2853 14 kDa fatty acid-binding protein Not Available 0.0037
1789 Lymphotoxin-alpha LTA 0.0037
1269 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B TNFRSF1B 0.0037
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0036
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0036
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.0035
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0034
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0033
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0033
4784 Beta-mannosidase manB 0.0032
6695 Beta-mannosidase BT_0458 0.0032
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0029
6103 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 NAT1 0.0028
2998 Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 SIGLEC7 0.0028
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0027
4943 Cytochrome c6 petJ 0.0026
4905 Cytochrome c2 Not Available 0.0026
4939 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0026
4964 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0026
4979 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0026
6673 Cytochrome c2 cycA 0.0026
4934 Cytochrome c-551 nirM 0.0026
5218 Cytochrome c-551 nirM 0.0026
4947 Bacterial hemoglobin vhb 0.0026
4994 Hemoglobin-like protein HbO glbO 0.0026
4916 Cyanoglobin glbN 0.0026
4954 Soluble cytochrome b558 Not Available 0.0026
4942 Diheme cytochrome c napB napB 0.0026
4975 Cytochrome c-556 RPA3973 0.0026
4909 CooA protein cooA 0.0026
4925 Cytochrome c-type protein SHP shp 0.0026
3116 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0026
4906 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0026
4965 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0026
4984 Neuroglobin NGB 0.0026
4998 Hemoglobin-like protein yjbI yjbI 0.0026
4915 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0026
4959 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0026
5216 Cytochrome c-550 psbV 0.0026
4936 Cytochrome c2 iso-2 Not Available 0.0026
4981 Iron-starvation protein PigA pigA 0.0026
4907 Cytochrome c-L moxG 0.0026
6865 Cytochrome c-L moxG 0.0026
4989 Cytochrome c551 peroxidase ccp 0.0026
5222 Cytochrome c551 peroxidase ccpA 0.0026
5000 HemO hemO 0.0026
644 Heme oxygenase 2 HMOX2 0.0026
4982 Heme oxygenase 2 pbsA2 0.0026
4961 Hemophore HasA hasA 0.0026
4764 Cytochrome P450 165C4 CYP165C4 0.0026
4935 Cytochrome c-554 cycA1 0.0026
4999 Cytochrome P450 165B3 CYP165B3 0.0026
4910 Cytoglobin CYGB 0.0026
4904 Cytochrome c family protein GSU1996 0.0026
4976 Apocytochrome f petA 0.0026
6407 Apocytochrome f petA 0.0026
4971 Nonaheme cytochrome c hmcA 0.0026
4937 Cytochrome oxidase subunit II rcoxA 0.0026
4926 Heme-based aerotactic transducer hemAT hemAT 0.0026
4972 P450cin cinA 0.0026
4931 Cytochrome P450 167A1 CYP167A1 0.0026
4960 Putative cytochrome P450-family protein SCO7417 0.0026
4903 Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein Tar4 0.0026
4952 Catalase/peroxidase katA 0.0026
4922 Cytochrome c, putative SO_4144 0.0026
4970 Cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalytic subunit nrfA 0.0026
4993 Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase hao1 0.0026
3093 Catalase HPII katE 0.0026
4908 Heme-regulated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase dosP 0.0026
2183 Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte FABP4 0.0026
2180 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 PDPK1 0.0026
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.0026
663 Solute carrier family 12 member 4 SLC12A4 0.0026
53 Solute carrier family 12 member 5 SLC12A5 0.0026
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0026
6221 Steroid hormone receptor ERR1 ESRRA 0.0026
427 Substance-P receptor TACR1 0.0025
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.0025
4787 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0025
4820 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0025
5727 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0025
267 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 SERPINE1 0.0025
137 FolC bifunctional protein [Includes: Folylpolyglutamate synthase folC 0.0025
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0025
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0024
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0024
3814 Complement C1r subcomponent C1R 0.0024
106 Cannabinoid receptor 2 CNR2 0.0024
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0024
1629 Transcription factor AP-1 JUN 0.0024
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0023
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0023
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0023
68 Cannabinoid receptor 1 CNR1 0.0023
2782 Complement C1s subcomponent C1S 0.0022
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0022
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.0022
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.0022
3437 Eosinophil lysophospholipase CLC 0.0021
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.0021
3817 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C C1QC 0.0021
3815 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A C1QA 0.0021
3816 Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B C1QB 0.0021
1102 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B FCGR3B 0.0021
3818 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A FCGR3A 0.0021
3819 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a FCGR2A 0.0021
3821 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c FCGR2C 0.0021
3820 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b FCGR2B 0.002
522 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 PSMD2 0.002
515 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 PSMD1 0.002
4920 Peroxidase/catalase katG 0.002
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.002
784 High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I FCGR1A 0.0019
4956 Quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase ADH IIB qbdA 0.0019
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0019
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0019
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0019
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0019
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0019
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0019
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0019
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0019
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0019
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0019
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0019
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0019
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0019
2119 Cytochrome b5 CYB5A 0.0019
4948 Cytochrome c-553 Not Available 0.0019
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0019
4923 Cytochrome c3 DvMF_2499 0.0019
4945 Cytochrome c3 Not Available 0.0019
4949 Cytochrome c3 DVU_3171 0.0019
4968 Cytochrome c3 cytc3 0.0019
4997 Cytochrome c3 SO_2727 0.0019
5219 Cytochrome c3 cyd 0.0019
4990 PpcA ppcA 0.0019
4902 Nine-heme cytochrome c Ddes_2038 0.0019
3189 High-molecular-weight cytochrome c hmcA 0.0019
4289 Cytochrome P450 TT_P0059 0.0019
6262 Cytochrome P450 staP 0.0019
3570 Cytochrome P450 152A1 cypC 0.0019
4992 Cytochrome c peroxidase Not Available 0.0019
4988 Sulfite oxidase, mitochondrial SUOX 0.0019
2915 Sensor protein fixL fixL 0.0019
4944 Sensor protein fixL fixL 0.0019
3375 Acidic cytochrome c3 Not Available 0.0019
4385 Cytochrome c' Not Available 0.0019
4967 Cytochrome c' cycA 0.0019
5038 Cytochrome c' Not Available 0.0019
5223 Cytochrome c' cycP 0.0019
4813 Heme oxygenase hmuO 0.0019
5769 Heme oxygenase Not Available 0.0019
2230 Catalase CAT 0.0019
3249 Catalase katA 0.0019
3625 Catalase katA 0.0019
4539 Catalase katA 0.0019
4941 Catalase katB 0.0019
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0019
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0019
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0019
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0019
891 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0018
5359 Dihydropteroate synthase folP 0.0018
7175 Dihydropteroate synthase sulI 0.0018
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0018
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0018
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0017
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0017
3670 Soluble cytochrome b562 precursor cybC 0.0017
3411 Cytochrome P450 121 cyp121 0.0017
2617 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0017
2701 Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase nos 0.0017
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0017
3291 Cytochrome c-552 cycA 0.0017
4927 Cytochrome c-552 nrfA 0.0017
4938 Cytochrome c-552 cycA 0.0017
4953 Cytochrome c-552 nrfA 0.0017
5217 Cytochrome c-552 cycM 0.0017
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0017
4386 Hemoglobin-like protein HbN glbN 0.0017
3102 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0017
4969 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0017
518 Peroxidase/catalase T katG 0.0016
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0016
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0016
4103 Proteasome subunit beta type 2 PSMB2 0.0016
4102 Proteasome subunit beta type 5 PSMB5 0.0016
4101 Proteasome subunit beta type 1 PSMB1 0.0016
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0016
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0016
1374 Natriuretic peptides B NPPB 0.0015
1827 Gap junction alpha-1 protein GJA1 0.0015
1908 Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 VCAM1 0.0015
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0015
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0015
4785 Ig gamma-1 chain C region IGHG1 0.0015
2845 Bifunctional P-450:NADPH-P450 reductase CYP102A1 0.0015
3127 Nitrite reductase nirS 0.0015
3284 Nitrite reductase nirS 0.0015
605 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0015
2709 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit SO_0970 0.0015
3673 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit fccA 0.0015
4912 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit ifcA 0.0015
6549 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0015
2972 6-deoxyerythronolide B hydroxylase eryF 0.0015
3221 Cytochrome c4 cc4 0.0015
511 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor HTR1F 0.0015
4608 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO1207 0.0014
4963 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO2884 0.0014
6254 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO6998 0.0014
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.0014
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0014
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0013
194 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 NDUFC2 0.0013
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0013
693 Hemoglobin subunit beta HBB 0.0013
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0013
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0012
6268 Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 HAO1 0.0012
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0012
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0012
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0012
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0012
1864 RET proto-oncogene RET 0.0011
1950 Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 DDR1 0.0011
6094 BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9 BCR/ABL fusion 0.0011
6170 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 ABCA3 0.0011
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0011
2298 Cytochrome P450-cam camC 0.0011
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.001
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.001
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.001
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.001
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.001
1618 High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NTRK1 0.001
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.0009
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0009
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0009
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0009
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.0009
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0009
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0009
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0009
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0009
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0009
1184 Interferon beta IFNB1 0.0008
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0008
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0008
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0008
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0008
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0008
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0008
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0007
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0007
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0007
4666 Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL lecB 0.0007
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0007
2372 Bifunctional tail protein 9 0.0007
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0006
4878 Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA 0.0006
1052 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 CTLA4 0.0006
1072 Granzyme B GZMB 0.0006
4871 Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 endOF3 0.0006
4880 Membrane cofactor protein CD46 0.0006
4889 Ig epsilon chain C region IGHE 0.0006
4877 Beta-mannanase man 0.0006
1563 Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain GP1BA 0.0006
4850 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 APOH 0.0006
4856 CD209 antigen CD209 0.0006
4189 Alpha-galactosidase A GLA 0.0006
4869 Major capsid protein A430L 0.0006
757 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0006
4875 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0006
4852 Reticulon-4 receptor RTN4R 0.0006
4845 ADAM 33 ADAM33 0.0006
1354 Beta-glucuronidase GUSB 0.0006
442 Envelope glycoprotein gp41 0.0006
4859 Envelope glycoprotein env 0.0006
4882 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 DPP6 0.0006
4721 Beta-1,4-mannanase manA 0.0006
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0006
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0006
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0006
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0006
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0006
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0006
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0006
4193 Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor NPR3 0.0006
793 T-cell surface antigen CD2 CD2 0.0006
4861 Interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain IL6R 0.0006
119 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1 0.0006
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0006
3837 Cytokine receptor common beta chain CSF2RB 0.0006
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0006
2430 Chondroitinase B cslB 0.0005
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0005
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0005
1379 Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B 0.0005
4890 Hemagglutinin HA 0.0005
6566 Hemagglutinin Not Available 0.0005
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0005
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0005
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.0005
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0005
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0005
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0005
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0005
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0005
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.0005
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0005
4857 Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein AZGP1 0.0005
6858 Inactive carboxylesterase 4 CES1P1 0.0005
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0005
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0005
6120 Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor IGF2R 0.0005
18 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha FCER1A 0.0005
554 Low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR 0.0004
852 Heparin cofactor 2 SERPIND1 0.0004
1859 Prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP 0.0004
595 Fibrinogen alpha chain FGA 0.0004
3140 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0004
3609 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0004
3444 Cyanovirin-N Not Available 0.0004
3258 Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase MSDC 0.0004
4509 Acetoin(diacetyl) reductase budC 0.0004
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0004
3689 Endoglucanase A celA 0.0004
3009 Beta-glucanase Not Available 0.0004
5411 Slt-IIvB stxB2e 0.0004
5565 Inorganic polyphosphate/ATP-glucomannokinase ppgmk 0.0004
5563 Galectin-2 LGALS2 0.0004
1875 Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D SFTPD 0.0004
5569 Endo-1,4-beta glucanase EngF engF 0.0004
5046 Ecotin eco 0.0004
3793 Aspartate ammonia-lyase aspA 0.0004
5554 D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein mglB 0.0004
3741 D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein precursor mglB 0.0004
5568 Endoglucanase C307 celC307 0.0004
5553 Endoglucanase E1 Acel_0614 0.0004
5562 Hexokinase Not Available 0.0004
3744 Endoglucanase SS precursor celS 0.0004
5570 Endoglucanase E-4 celD 0.0004
5559 Neopullulanase nplT 0.0004
4670 Cellulase B celB 0.0004
4668 Laminarinase TM_0024 0.0004
4667 BH0236 protein BH0236 0.0004
4671 Endoglucanase C cenC 0.0004
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0004
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0004
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0003
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0003
1782 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin LCN2 0.0003
5176 YtnJ moxC 0.0003
5416 Coat protein VP1 Not Available 0.0003
2705 Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase dmsA 0.0003
5247 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Not Available 0.0003
5248 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase xlnA 0.0003
5250 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase xyl 0.0003
4669 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xynA 0.0003
4715 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xlnA 0.0003
5560 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xynA 0.0003
1503 Galectin-7 LGALS7 0.0003
5498 Maltoporin lamB 0.0003
5561 Maltoporin lamB 0.0003
5056 Maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, putative treZ 0.0003
3525 ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial NUDT9 0.0003
4622 Amylase Not Available 0.0003
2728 Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase amyP 0.0003
6307 Ig gamma-2 chain C region IGHG2 0.0003
2826 Glucose--fructose oxidoreductase gfo 0.0003
1881 Hexokinase-1 HK1 0.0003
2581 Chondroitinase AC cslA 0.0003
6847 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase LCT 0.0003
2324 Botulinum neurotoxin type B botB 0.0003
3153 Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase-B gdhB 0.0003
3747 Cellulase B precursor celB 0.0003
3547 Enterotoxin type B entB 0.0003
2856 Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase GNPDA1 0.0003
2564 Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohexaosidase Not Available 0.0003
4819 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0003
5249 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0003
5436 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0003
2531 Alpha-amylase amyE 0.0003
2948 Alpha-amylase amy 0.0003
3169 Alpha-amylase Not Available 0.0003
2541 Neopullulanase 1 tvaI 0.0003
4811 Amylosucrase ams 0.0003
3091 Maltodextrin phosphorylase malP 0.0003
2606 Neopullulanase 2 tvaII 0.0003
4692 A/G-specific adenine glycosylase mutY 0.0003
3225 Shiga toxin B-chain stxB 0.0003
3365 Beta-amylase spoII 0.0003
4830 Aldose 1-epimerase galM 0.0003
6614 Lactase-like protein LCTL 0.0003
1675 Glucokinase GCK 0.0003
4662 Glucokinase glk 0.0003
3030 Salivary alpha-amylase AMY1A 0.0003
2293 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase Not Available 0.0003
2508 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase cgt 0.0003
2523 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase cgt 0.0003
3207 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase amyA 0.0003
4272 POSSIBLE CELLULASE CELA1 celA1 0.0003
2570 Tetanus toxin tetX 0.0002
2448 Exoglucanase/xylanase [Includes: Exoglucanase cex 0.0002
3668 Maltose-binding periplasmic protein precursor malE 0.0002
2802 Endoglucanase G celCCG 0.0002
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0002
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0002
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0002
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0002
2440 Endoglucanase F celCCF 0.0002
2245 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.0002
2253 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.0002
2260 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.0002
2431 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.0002
2252 Endoglucanase 5A cel5A 0.0002
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.0002
2723 Cholera enterotoxin subunit B ctxB 0.0002
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0002
4513 Pancreatic alpha-amylase AMY2A 0.0002
2427 Ferrichrome-iron receptor fhuA 0.0002
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0002
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