DT-Web

DB00721 - Procaine


Identification
Name Procaine
Accession Number DB00721 (APRD00650)
Type small molecule
Description A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 236.3101
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 236.152477894
Pharmacology
Indication Used as a local anesthetic primarily in oral surgery
Mechanism of action Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hydrolysis by plasma esterases to PABA
Route of elimination With normal kidney function, the drug is excreted rapidly by tubular excretion.
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Name Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Gene Name SCN10A
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Brau ME, Vogel W, Hempelmann G: Fundamental properties of local anesthetics: half-maximal blocking concentrations for tonic block of Na+ and K+ channels in peripheral nerve. Anesth Analg. 1998 Oct;87(4):885-9. - Pubmed
  • Katalymov LL: [The effect of inhibitors of sodium permeability (novocaine and tetrodotoxin) on the trace depolarization of myelinated nerve fibers] Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1995 Sep;81(9):127-33. - Pubmed
  • Creveling CR, Bell ME, Burke TR Jr, Chang E, Lewandowski-Lovenberg GA, Kim CH, Rice KC, Daly JW: Procaine isothiocyanate: an irreversible inhibitor of the specific binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin-A benzoate to sodium channels. Neurochem Res. 1990 Apr;15(4):441-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6941
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A
Name Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A
Gene Name GRIN3A
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Hahnenkamp K, Durieux ME, Hahnenkamp A, Schauerte SK, Hoenemann CW, Vegh V, Theilmeier G, Hollmann MW: Local anaesthetics inhibit signalling of human NMDA receptors recombinantly expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes: role of protein kinase C. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Jan;96(1):77-87. Epub 2005 Nov 18. - Pubmed
  • Nishizawa N, Shirasaki T, Nakao S, Matsuda H, Shingu K: The inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel by local anesthetics in mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons. Anesth Analg. 2002 Feb;94(2):325-30, table of contents. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3078
5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor
Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor
Gene Name HTR3A
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Fan P, Weight FF: Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology. 1994 Dec;33(12):1573-9. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2788
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Name Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Gene Name SLC6A3
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Sato T, Kitayama S, Mitsuhata C, Ikeda T, Morita K, Dohi T: Selective inhibition of monoamine neurotransmitter transporters by synthetic local anesthetics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;361(2):214-20. - Pubmed
  • Wilcox KM, Kimmel HL, Lindsey KP, Votaw JR, Goodman MM, Howell LL: In vivo comparison of the reinforcing and dopamine transporter effects of local anesthetics in rhesus monkeys. Synapse. 2005 Dec 15;58(4):220-8. - Pubmed
  • Kiyatkin EA, Leon Brown P: The role of peripheral and central sodium channels in mediating brain temperature fluctuations induced by intravenous cocaine. Brain Res. 2006 Oct 30;1117(1):38-53. Epub 2006 Sep 7. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4268
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2
Name Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2
Gene Name CHRNA2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Wang H, Zhang Y, Li ST: The effect of local anesthetics on the inhibition of adult muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 25;630(1-3):29-33. Epub 2010 Jan 4. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6465

Enzymes


Cholinesterase
Name Cholinesterase
Gene Name BCHE
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Perez-Guillermo F, Delgado EM, Vidal CJ: Inhibition of human serum and rabbit muscle cholinesterase by local anesthetics. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Nov 1;36(21):3593-6. - Pubmed
  • Dorokhov KE, Grigorian GL: [Binding of reversible spin-labeled inhibitors with an butyrylcholinesterase active center]. Biofizika. 1986 Sep-Oct;31(5):746-51. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7365

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.1639
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.1605
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.1449
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.1429
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.1397
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.1084
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.092
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0905
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0807
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0806
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0759
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0736
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0683
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0669
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0625
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0596
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0588
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.054
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0511
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.0472
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0456
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0431
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.0427
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0423
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0398
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0389
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0381
174 Sigma 1-type opioid receptor SIGMAR1 0.0379
3803 Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha SCN3A 0.0379
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0371
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0367
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0344
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0342
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0326
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.031
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0308
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0292
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0288
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0278
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.027
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0244
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0231
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0217
2433 Capsid protein P40 UL80 0.0213
3569 Capsid protein P40 BVRF2 0.0213
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0201
1636 Trace amine-associated receptor 1 TAAR1 0.0192
2049 Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor CCKBR 0.0191
3076 Antigen 85-C fbpC 0.0187
4096 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 GRM3 0.0174
1362 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 GRM2 0.0174
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0173
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0172
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0169
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0163
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0161
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0158
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0157
2178 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 GRM5 0.0157
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.015
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.015
2796 Parathion hydrolase opd 0.0147
6539 Parathion hydrolase opd 0.0147
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0147
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0144
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0142
3454 Esterase estA 0.0141
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.014
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0139
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0136
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0132
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.013
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0127
319 Opioid receptor, sigma 1 OPRS1 0.0126
94 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor HTR4 0.0125
2929 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase dhlB 0.0124
2995 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase Not Available 0.0124
694 Matrix protein 2 M 0.0121
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.0121
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0121
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.012
593 Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 SLC36A1 0.0118
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0117
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0117
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0117
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0114
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0114
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0114
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0114
1256 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor HTR6 0.0112
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0109
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0105
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0105
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0102
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0101
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.0101
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.01
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0099
427 Substance-P receptor TACR1 0.0098
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.0098
4674 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase cumD 0.0097
982 Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein CARTPT 0.0095
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.009
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.009
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0088
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0085
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0083
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0082
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.008
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0079
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0079
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0072
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0071
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.007
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0069
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0066
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0066
85 Growth hormone receptor GHR 0.0065
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0063
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0062
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0057
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.0054
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0053
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0052
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0051
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.005
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.005
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0049
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0048
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0047
4784 Beta-mannosidase manB 0.0046
6695 Beta-mannosidase BT_0458 0.0046
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0044
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0043
1768 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit GNG2 0.0043
1571 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ3 0.0043
1268 Neuropeptide S receptor NPSR1 0.0043
1581 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 KCNJ6 0.0043
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0043
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0043
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0043
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.0043
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0042
606 Cytochrome P450 27, mitochondrial CYP27A1 0.0042
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0041
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0041
2998 Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 SIGLEC7 0.004
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0039
6073 Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 KCNK9 0.0039
6072 Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 KCNK3 0.0039
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0039
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0036
4787 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
4820 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
5727 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.0036
144 Hemoglobin subunit alpha HBA1 0.0036
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0034
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0034
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0033
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0032
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0031
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0031
3437 Eosinophil lysophospholipase CLC 0.003
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.003
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0028
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0028
6131 Carbonic anhydrase 14 CA14 0.0026
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0026
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0025
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0025
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.0024
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0023
4785 Ig gamma-1 chain C region IGHG1 0.0022
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0021
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0021
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0021
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.002
102 DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial TOP1MT 0.002
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0018
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0018
3929 Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase PHOSPHO1 0.0017
549 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PCYT1B 0.0017
264 Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta CHKB 0.0017
3927 Choline transporter-like protein 3 SLC44A3 0.0017
861 Choline kinase alpha CHKA 0.0017
3933 Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase CEPT1 0.0017
769 High-affinity choline transporter 1 SLC5A7 0.0017
700 Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial CHDH 0.0017
1686 Choline transporter-like protein 1 SLC44A1 0.0017
3926 Choline transporter-like protein 2 SLC44A2 0.0017
3925 Choline transporter-like protein 4 SLC44A4 0.0017
576 Choline O-acetyltransferase CHAT 0.0017
3922 Phospholipase D2 PLD2 0.0017
3924 Phospholipase D1 PLD1 0.0017
1353 DNA topoisomerase 1 TOP1 0.0017
3552 DNA topoisomerase 1 topA 0.0017
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0017
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0016
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0015
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0015
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0015
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0015
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0015
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0015
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0015
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0015
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0015
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0015
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0015
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0015
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0015
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0015
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0015
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0015
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0015
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0015
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0015
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0015
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0015
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0015
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0015
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0015
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0015
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0014
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0014
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0014
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0013
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0013
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0013
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0013
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0013
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0013
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0013
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0013
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0013
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0013
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0013
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0013
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0013
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0013
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0013
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0013
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0013
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0013
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0013
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.0013
4498 Ornithine cyclodeaminase PP3533 0.0012
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0012
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0012
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0012
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0012
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0012
5449 Hypothetical gliding protein mglB 0.0012
5443 UPF0189 protein ymdB ymdB 0.0012
5440 UPF0067 protein yebR yebR 0.0012
4705 Manganese catalase Not Available 0.0012
5439 33 kDa chaperonin hslO 0.0012
5446 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate phosphatase HI_1679 0.0012
2720 Copper-containing nitrite reductase nirK 0.0012
5448 Ribonuclease Z rnz 0.0012
3781 Thiol:disulfide interchange protein dsbC precursor dsbC 0.0012
5447 Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein L3MBTL1 0.0012
5454 Internalin-A inlA 0.0012
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0012
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0012
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0012
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0012
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0012
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0012
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0012
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0012
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0012
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0012
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0012
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0012
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0011
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0011
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0011
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0011
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0011
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0011
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0011
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0011
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0011
3736 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A gapA 0.0011
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0011
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0011
5450 Prolyl endopeptidase Pep pep 0.0011
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.001
3356 Diaminopimelate decarboxylase lysA 0.001
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.001
597 Dihydropteridine reductase QDPR 0.001
4771 Dissimilatory copper-containing nitrite reductase nir 0.001
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.001
3274 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.001
4804 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.001
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.001
2714 Chorismate mutase aroH 0.001
4611 Chorismate mutase aroG 0.001
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.001
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.001
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.001
574 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1 0.001
3462 Tyrosine-protein kinase transforming protein Abl ABL 0.001
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.001
3399 Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase limA 0.001
3697 Bifunctional protein glmU [Includes: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase glmU 0.001
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.001
4608 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO1207 0.0009
4963 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO2884 0.0009
6254 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO6998 0.0009
5180 L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase mdlB 0.0009
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0009
3500 Putative family 31 glucosidase yicI yicI 0.0009
4878 Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA 0.0009
1052 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 CTLA4 0.0009
1072 Granzyme B GZMB 0.0009
4889 Ig epsilon chain C region IGHE 0.0009
4877 Beta-mannanase man 0.0009
4871 Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 endOF3 0.0009
4189 Alpha-galactosidase A GLA 0.0009
4850 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 APOH 0.0009
4880 Membrane cofactor protein CD46 0.0009
4856 CD209 antigen CD209 0.0009
1354 Beta-glucuronidase GUSB 0.0009
757 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0009
4875 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0009
4869 Major capsid protein A430L 0.0009
4852 Reticulon-4 receptor RTN4R 0.0009
4845 ADAM 33 ADAM33 0.0009
1563 Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain GP1BA 0.0009
442 Envelope glycoprotein gp41 0.0009
4859 Envelope glycoprotein env 0.0009
4882 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 DPP6 0.0009
4721 Beta-1,4-mannanase manA 0.0009
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0009
1615 Chymase CMA1 0.0009
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0009
2597 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] glmS 0.0008
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0008
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0008
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0008
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0008
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0008
287 Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 B4GALT1 0.0008
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0008
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0008
4861 Interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain IL6R 0.0008
793 T-cell surface antigen CD2 CD2 0.0008
119 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1 0.0008
4193 Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor NPR3 0.0008
3837 Cytokine receptor common beta chain CSF2RB 0.0008
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0007
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0007
4890 Hemagglutinin HA 0.0007
6566 Hemagglutinin Not Available 0.0007
1379 Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B 0.0007
4857 Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein AZGP1 0.0007
6858 Inactive carboxylesterase 4 CES1P1 0.0007
1184 Interferon beta IFNB1 0.0007
364 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 HSD11B1 0.0007
6120 Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor IGF2R 0.0007
18 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha FCER1A 0.0006
554 Low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR 0.0006
852 Heparin cofactor 2 SERPIND1 0.0006
1859 Prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP 0.0006
3444 Cyanovirin-N Not Available 0.0006
3140 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0006
3609 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0006
595 Fibrinogen alpha chain FGA 0.0006
3258 Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase MSDC 0.0006
4666 Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL lecB 0.0005
2372 Bifunctional tail protein 9 0.0005
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0005
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0005
3814 Complement C1r subcomponent C1R 0.0005
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0005
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0005
1439 Lactotransferrin LTF 0.0005
1782 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin LCN2 0.0005
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0005
2430 Chondroitinase B cslB 0.0004
6307 Ig gamma-2 chain C region IGHG2 0.0004
2581 Chondroitinase AC cslA 0.0004
6847 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase LCT 0.0004
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0004
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.0003
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0003
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