DT-Web

DB01168 - Procarbazine


Identification
Name Procarbazine
Accession Number DB01168 (APRD00695)
Type small molecule
Description An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 221.2988
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 221.152812245
Pharmacology
Indication For use with other anticancer drugs for the treatment of stage III and stage IV Hodgkin's disease.
Mechanism of action The precise mode of cytotoxic action of procarbazine has not been clearly defined. There is evidence that the drug may act by inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis. Studies have suggested that procarbazine may inhibit transmethylation of methyl groups of methionine into t-RNA. The absence of functional t-RNA could cause the cessation of protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. In addition, procarbazine may directly damage DNA. Hydrogen peroxide, formed during the auto-oxidation of the drug, may attack protein sulfhydryl groups contained in residual protein which is tightly bound to DNA.
Absorption Procarbazine is rapidly and completely absorbed.
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Procarbazine is metabolized primarily in the liver and kidneys. The drug appears to be auto-oxidized to the azo derivative with the release of hydrogen peroxide. The azo derivative isomerizes to the hydrazone, and following hydrolysis splits into a benzylaldehyde derivative and methylhydrazine. The methylhydrazine is further degraded to CO2 and CH4 and possibly hydrazine, whereas the aldehyde is oxidized to N-isopropylterephthalamic acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity LD50=785 mg/kg (orally in rats)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Bezafibrate MAO Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Bezafibrate. Avoid concomitant use of bezafibrate with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like procarbazine.
Brimonidine MAO Inhibitors like procarbazine may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists (Ophthalmic). The concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and ophthalmic alpha2 agonists is contraindicated.
Buprenorphine Buprenorphine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MAO Inhibitors like procarbazine. When possible, avoid use of buprenorphine in patients who have used a monoamine oxidase inhibitor within the past 14 days due to possible severe adverse effects.
Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Digoxin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of digoxin
Methotrexate Increased nephrotoxicity with this combination
Milnacipran Increase serotonin levels. Combination therapy is contraindicated.
Tetrabenazine Tetrabenazine may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Procarbazine. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Tolcapone Tolcapone and Procarbazine decrease the metabolism of endogenous catecholamines. Concomitant therapy may result in increased catecholamine effects. Consider alternate therapy or use cautiously and monitor for increased catecholamine effects.
Tramadol Tramadol increases the risk of serotonin syndrome and seizure induction by the MAO inhibitor, Procarbazine.
Tranylcypromine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trimipramine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Avoid combination or monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome and/or hypertensive crisis.
Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Zolmitriptan The MAO inhibitor, procarbazine, may increase the serum concentration of zolmitriptan by decreasing its metabolism. Concomitant therapy and use of zolmitriptan within two weeks of discontinuing procarbazine are contraindicated.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action yes
Actions cross-linking/alkylation
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Ogawa K, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Murata M, Sugimura Y, Kawamura J, Kawanishi S: Molecular mechanisms of DNA damage induced by procarbazine in the presence of Cu(II). Mutat Res. 2003 Aug 5;539(1-2):145-55. - Pubmed
  • Kyrtopoulos SA, Anderson LM, Chhabra SK, Souliotis VL, Pletsa V, Valavanis C, Georgiadis P: DNA adducts and the mechanism of carcinogenesis and cytotoxicity of methylating agents of environmental and clinical significance. Cancer Detect Prev. 1997;21(5):391-405. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Enzymes


Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
Name Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
Gene Name XDH
Actions Not Available
References Not Available
DTHybrid score 0.4201
Cytochrome P450 1B1
Name Cytochrome P450 1B1
Gene Name CYP1B1
Actions substrate
References
  • Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.1432

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0533
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0497
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0452
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0349
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0344
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0337
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0287
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0252
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0234
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0234
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0231
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0218
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0201
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0186
6032 PROBABLE FATTY ACID SYNTHASE FAS (FATTY ACID SYNTHETASE) fas 0.018
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0176
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0174
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0172
87 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase HPRT1 0.0171
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0168
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0167
63 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0165
2329 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0165
3445 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0165
4420 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0165
4438 Malate dehydrogenase mdh 0.0165
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0165
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0161
327 Glutathione reductase gor 0.0156
5110 Glutathione reductase GR2 0.0156
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0156
3823 Cytokine receptor common gamma chain IL2RG 0.0151
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0149
893 [Citrate [pro-3S]-lyase] ligase citC 0.0149
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0149
845 Pyruvate dehydrogenase [cytochrome] poxB 0.0149
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0141
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0139
724 Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain IL2RA 0.0131
717 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta IL2RB 0.0131
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0125
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0123
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0123
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.012
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0113
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0113
303 Diamine acetyltransferase 2 SAT2 0.0109
623 Spermine oxidase SMOX 0.0109
1317 Spermine synthase SMS 0.0109
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0108
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0108
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0107
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0105
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0104
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0104
4228 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7 KRT7 0.0104
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0103
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0103
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0102
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.01
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.01
4031 Glutathione S-transferase A1 GSTA1 0.01
123 Diamine acetyltransferase 1 SAT1 0.01
6859 Protein S100-A4 S100A4 0.0091
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0091
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0089
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0087
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0086
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0085
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0084
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0082
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0082
4203 Histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT 0.008
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.008
385 Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 ATP4A 0.0078
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0078
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0076
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0075
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0071
5923 Microtubule-associated protein tau MAPT 0.007
5924 Microtubule-associated protein 4 MAP4 0.007
81 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial MCCC2 0.007
547 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial PCCA 0.007
495 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial MCCC1 0.007
177 Biotin--protein ligase HLCS 0.007
690 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 ACACA 0.007
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.007
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0069
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0069
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0068
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0068
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0068
105 Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter SLC5A6 0.0067
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0066
1852 Microtubule-associated protein 2 MAP2 0.0065
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.0064
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0063
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0062
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0062
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0062
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0062
6172 ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 8, mitochondrial ABCB8 0.0061
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.006
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0059
214 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial NDUFS3 0.0058
337 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial NDUFS7 0.0058
803 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial NDUFS2 0.0058
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.0057
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0056
1569 G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 CCND1 0.0056
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0056
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0056
771 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial PC 0.0056
29 Tubulin beta-1 chain TUBB1 0.0054
6861 Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] AKR1A1 0.0054
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0054
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0054
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0054
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0054
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0054
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0053
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0052
775 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 ACACB 0.0052
1374 Natriuretic peptides B NPPB 0.0051
1827 Gap junction alpha-1 protein GJA1 0.0051
1908 Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 VCAM1 0.0051
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.005
3610 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic TXNRD1 0.005
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.005
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.005
194 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 NDUFC2 0.0049
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0048
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0047
1629 Transcription factor AP-1 JUN 0.0046
4081 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 VKORC1L1 0.0046
604 Vitamin K-dependent protein Z PROZ 0.0046
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.0046
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.0045
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0044
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0044
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0044
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0044
650 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 AKR1C3 0.0043
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0043
476 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT1 0.0042
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0042
1245 Vitamin K-dependent protein S PROS1 0.0042
5251 Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 CBR1 0.0041
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.0041
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.0041
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.0041
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.004
1063 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B STAT5B 0.0039
935 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Yes YES1 0.0039
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0039
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0038
814 Ryanodine receptor 1 RYR1 0.0038
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0037
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0036
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0035
1176 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK1 0.0035
798 Osteocalcin BGLAP 0.0035
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0034
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0034
268 Adenosine A2b receptor ADORA2B 0.0034
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0034
934 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn FYN 0.0034
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0033
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0033
936 Ephrin type-A receptor 2 EPHA2 0.0032
369 Coagulation factor VII F7 0.0032
484 Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 ABL2 0.0031
787 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 VKORC1 0.0031
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0031
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0029
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0029
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0029
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0029
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0028
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.0028
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0027
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0027
5934 Cytochrome P450 26A1 CYP26A1 0.0027
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0026
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0026
1010 Cytochrome P450 51A1 CYP51A1 0.0026
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0025
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0024
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0024
937 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK LCK 0.0024
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0024
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0024
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0024
3937 Fatty-acid amide hydrolase FAAH 0.0024
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0023
84 Nuclear receptor 0B1 NR0B1 0.0023
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0023
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0023
469 Annexin A1 ANXA1 0.0022
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.0022
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0022
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0022
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0022
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0022
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0022
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0021
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0021
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.002
54 Prothrombin F2 0.002
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0019
933 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src SRC 0.0019
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0018
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0018
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0018
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0017
178 NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 CYB5R3 0.0017
812 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial DLD 0.0017
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0016
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.0016
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0015
839 Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADS 0.0015
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0014
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0014
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0013
4486 Phenol 2-hydroxylase component B pheA2 0.0013
4439 Ferredoxin reductase bphA4 0.0013
4477 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase lpdV 0.0013
5077 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Not Available 0.0013
5117 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase lpd 0.0013
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.0013
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0013
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0013
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0013
5078 Amine oxidase, flavin-containing PSPTO1126 0.0012
5122 Mersacidin decarboxylase mrsD 0.0012
526 Thioredoxin reductase trxB 0.0012
3767 Thioredoxin reductase trxB 0.0012
5112 Benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase electron transfer component benC 0.0012
3763 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase metF 0.0012
3918 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0012
5094 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase metF 0.0012
5097 PROBABLE DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE LPDA lpdA 0.0012
5102 4-cresol dehydrogenase [hydroxylating] flavoprotein subunit pchF 0.0012
5115 FkbI fkbI 0.0012
3133 UDP-galactopyranose mutase glf 0.0012
5099 UDP-galactopyranose mutase glf 0.0012
5114 Putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase TT_C0779 0.0012
5095 Putidaredoxin reductase camA 0.0012
5083 Cryptochrome DASH cry 0.0012
5100 Gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism dehydratase/isomerase abfD 0.0012
5107 Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F ahpF 0.0012
5118 Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F ahpF 0.0012
5081 L-aspartate oxidase nadB 0.0012
5111 Phenylacetone monooxygenase pamO 0.0012
1410 Oxidoreductase HSD17B6 0.0012
4725 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.0012
5124 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.0012
5109 Outer membrane protein p64k or PM-6 m-6 0.0012
1329 Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial AIFM1 0.0012
1256 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor HTR6 0.0012
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0012
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0012
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0012
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0011
714 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial GSR 0.0011
3102 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0011
4969 Flavohemoprotein hmp 0.0011
4440 NADH peroxidase npr 0.0011
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0011
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0011
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0011
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0011
5072 N,N-dimethylglycine oxidase dmg 0.0011
5073 Ferredoxin--NADP reductase petH 0.0011
5076 Ferredoxin--NADP reductase fpr 0.0011
5119 Ferredoxin--NADP reductase petH 0.0011
5121 Ferredoxin--NADP reductase fpr 0.0011
5075 Sulfite reductase [NADPH] flavoprotein alpha-component cysJ 0.0011
3594 Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase phr 0.0011
5079 Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase phrB 0.0011
5080 Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase phr 0.0011
440 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial IVD 0.0011
5003 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain specific Not Available 0.0011
2526 NADPH-ferredoxin reductase fprA fprA 0.0011
667 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 8, mitochondrial ACAD8 0.0011
5091 UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase murB 0.0011
5093 UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase murB 0.0011
3506 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial GCDH 0.0011
2470 Pyruvate oxidase pox5 0.0011
6639 Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 ACOX1 0.0011
3247 2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase, carboxylating xecC 0.001
2268 Cholesterol oxidase choB 0.001
2822 Cholesterol oxidase choA 0.001
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.001
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.001
126 D-lactate dehydrogenase dld 0.001
3545 D-lactate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.001
4510 D-lactate dehydrogenase ldhA 0.001
605 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.001
2709 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit SO_0970 0.001
3673 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit fccA 0.001
4912 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit ifcA 0.001
6549 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.001
3185 Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADM 0.001
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.001
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.001
3254 Bifunctional protein putA [Includes: Proline dehydrogenase putA 0.001
2893 Glycine oxidase thiO 0.001
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0009
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0009
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0009
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0009
3573 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH] fadH 0.0009
2567 Thymidylate synthase thyX thyX 0.0009
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0009
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0009
2823 Trypanothione reductase TPR 0.0009
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0009
2769 P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase pobA 0.0009
2809 P-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase pobA 0.0009
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0009
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0009
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0008
2380 Monomeric sarcosine oxidase soxA 0.0008
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0008
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0008
6645 D-amino-acid oxidase DAO 0.0008
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0008
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0008
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0008
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0008
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0008
816 Biliverdin reductase A BLVRA 0.0007
579 Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain ADH7 0.0007
792 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring ALDH3A1 0.0007
316 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH9A1 0.0007
30 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial NDUFV3 0.0006
374 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 NDUFB1 0.0006
247 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 NDUFA1 0.0006
343 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial NDUFC1 0.0006
190 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4 NDUFA4 0.0006
353 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 NDUFA4L2 0.0006
607 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 NDUFA2 0.0006
324 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 NDUFB4 0.0006
598 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 NDUFA11 0.0006
405 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 NDUFA8 0.0006
555 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial NDUFS4 0.0006
446 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 NDUFA7 0.0006
656 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 NDUFB9 0.0006
525 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 NDUFA5 0.0006
219 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 MT-ND3 0.0006
104 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial NDUFS6 0.0006
236 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 NDUFA6 0.0006
417 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 NDUFB6 0.0006
475 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial NDUFB2 0.0006
582 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 NDUFA13 0.0006
829 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 NDUFA12 0.0006
755 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 NDUFA3 0.0006
487 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 AKR1C4 0.0006
313 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 NDUFB3 0.0006
384 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 MT-ND6 0.0006
300 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L MT-ND4L 0.0006
746 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial NDUFB8 0.0006
99 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 NDUFS5 0.0006
270 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial NDUFB5 0.0006
644 Heme oxygenase 2 HMOX2 0.0006
4982 Heme oxygenase 2 pbsA2 0.0006
41 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial NDUFS8 0.0006
335 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial NDUFA9 0.0006
568 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 NDUFB7 0.0006
616 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial IDH3B 0.0006
152 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial NDUFV2 0.0006
848 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrial IDH3G 0.0006
145 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 HSD11B2 0.0006
609 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD+] HPGD 0.0006
602 Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial NDUFAB1 0.0006
539 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial NDUFV1 0.0006
272 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 NDUFB10 0.0006
372 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3 HSD17B3 0.0006
729 GDP-L-fucose synthetase TSTA3 0.0006
3463 GDP-L-fucose synthetase fcl 0.0006
167 L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain LDHC 0.0006
326 L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A LDHAL6A 0.0006
141 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial HIBADH 0.0006
180 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase PHGDH 0.0006
3726 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase serA 0.0006
4291 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase serA 0.0006
206 3-keto-steroid reductase HSD17B7 0.0006
196 D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial BDH1 0.0006
721 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 MT-ND2 0.0006
231 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+], cytoplasmic GPD1 0.0006
91 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial NDUFA10 0.0006
14 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial IDH3A 0.0006
50 Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating NSDHL 0.0006
112 L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B LDHAL6B 0.0006
216 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2 ALDH3B2 0.0006
637 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 MT-ND5 0.0006
9 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 2 HSD17B2 0.0006
671 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit, testis-specific form, mitochondrial PDHA2 0.0006
628 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit, somatic form, mitochondrial PDHA1 0.0006
149 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase ALDH7A1 0.0006
608 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 MT-ND4 0.0006
496 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 ALDH3B1 0.0006
34 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase DHCR7 0.0006
662 Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 0.0006
711 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase UGDH 0.0006
3672 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase hasB 0.0006
393 GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein [Includes: Glucose 1-dehydrogenase H6PD 0.0006
531 Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial ALDH1B1 0.0006
107 C-4 methylsterol oxidase SC4MOL 0.0006
258 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial ALDH6A1 0.0006
271 Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH4A1 0.0006
288 Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial HADHA 0.0006
643 Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme EHHADH 0.0006
548 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial NDUFS1 0.0006
646 Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic MDH1 0.0006
350 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 HSD17B10 0.0006
454 Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 HSD17B4 0.0006
328 Sorbitol dehydrogenase SORD 0.0006
396 Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 ADH4 0.0006
363 NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial ME3 0.0006
597 Dihydropteridine reductase QDPR 0.0006
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0006
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0006
635 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8 HSD17B8 0.0006
666 NADP-dependent malic enzyme ME1 0.0006
857 Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial MDH2 0.0005
419 Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial HADH 0.0005
77 L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain LDHB 0.0005
12 Alcohol dehydrogenase class 3 ADH5 0.0005
296 Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial MTHFD2 0.0005
6026 Alcohol dehydrogenase 6 ADH6 0.0005
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0005
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0005
11 NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial NNT 0.0005
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0005
110 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial PDHB 0.0005
626 Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 CDO1 0.0005
627 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase RDH5 0.0005
640 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 ALDH1A3 0.0005
599 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH 0.0005
4426 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0005
4454 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0005
4489 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.0005
473 L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain LDHA 0.0005
794 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific GAPDHS 0.0005
66 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type II HSD3B2 0.0005
569 Retinal dehydrogenase 2 ALDH1A2 0.0005
74 Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial DLAT 0.0005
13 Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial AMT 0.0005
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0005
611 Retinal dehydrogenase 1 ALDH1A1 0.0005
166 NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial ME2 0.0005
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0005
686 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 AKR1C2 0.0005
57 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I HSD3B1 0.0005
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.0005
679 C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic MTHFD1 0.0005
279 Tyrosinase TYR 0.0005
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0004
838 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 IMPDH1 0.0004
796 Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 IMPDH2 0.0004
654 Flavin reductase BLVRB 0.0004
139 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 AKR1C1 0.0004
217 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 HSD17B1 0.0004
810 Heme oxygenase 1 HMOX1 0.0004
3391 Heme oxygenase 1 pbsA1 0.0004
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0004
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0004
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0004
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0004
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0004
364 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 HSD11B1 0.0004
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0004
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0003
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0003
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0003
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0003
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0003
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0003
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0003
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0003
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0003
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