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DB01164 - Calcium Chloride


Identification
Name Calcium Chloride
Accession Number DB01164 (APRD00840)
Type small molecule
Description Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers. [Wikipedia]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 110.984
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 109.900296569
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemia as measured by electrocardiographic (ECG), pending correction of the increased potassium level in the extracellular fluid.
Mechanism of action Calcium chloride in water dissociates to provide calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. They are normal constituents of the body fluids and are dependent on various physiological mechanisms for maintenance of balance between intake and output. For hyperkalemia, the influx of calcium helps restore the normal gradient between threshold potential and resting membrane potential.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Approximately 80% of body calcium is excreted in the feces as insoluble salts; urinary excretion accounts for the remaining 20%.
Route of elimination Approximately 80% of body calcium is excreted in the feces as insoluble salts; urinary excretion accounts for the remaining 20%.
Toxicity Too rapid injection may produce lowering of blood pressure and cardiac syncope. Persistent hypercalcemia from overdosage of calcium is unlikely because of rapid excretion.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Alendronate Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 30 minutes after alendronate/risedronate.
Calcium Acetate Calcium salts may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of calcium acetate. Concurrent use of other calcium salts with calcium acetate should be avoided when possible. This combination is particularly dangerous in patients with other risk factors for hypercalcemia, such as those with end-stage renal disease.
Calcium carbonate Calcium salts may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of calcium chloride. Concurrent use of other calcium salts with calcium acetate should be avoided when possible. This combination is particularly dangerous in patients with other risk factors for hypercalcemia, such as those with end-stage renal disease.
Ceftriaxone Calcium Salts (Intravenous) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone binds to calcium forming an insoluble precipitate. Concurrent or sequential use (within 48 hours) of ceftriaxone with calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates (28 days of age or younger). In other patients, these solutions can be used sequentially if the infusion lines are flushed with a compatible fluid between ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solution infusion.
Clodronate Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 2 hours before or after tiludronate/clodronate/etidronate.
Demeclocycline Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as demeclocycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Doxycycline Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Eltrombopag Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of eltrombopag. Separate administration of eltrombopag and any polyvalent cation (e.g., calcium-containing products) by at least 4 hours.
Etidronic acid Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 2 hours before or after tiludronate/clodronate/etidronate.
Ibandronate Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 60 minutes after oral ibandronate.
Levothyroxine Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may diminish the therapeutic effect of thyroid products such as levothyroxine. Separate the doses of the thyroid product and the oral calcium supplement by at least 4 hours. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of thyroid products if an oral calcium supplement is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an oral calcium supplement is discontinued/dose decreased.
Liothyronine Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may diminish the therapeutic effect of thyroid products such as liothyronine. Separate the doses of the thyroid product and the oral calcium supplement by at least 4 hours. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of thyroid products if an oral calcium supplement is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an oral calcium supplement is discontinued/dose decreased.
Minocycline Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as minocycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Risedronate Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 30 minutes after alendronate/risedronate.
Tetracycline Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as tetracycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.
Tiludronate Calcium salts may decrease the serum concentration of bisphosphonate derivatives. Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within 2 hours before or after tiludronate/clodronate/etidronate.
Trientine hydrochloride Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of trientine. Trientine may decrease the serum concentration of calcium Salts. The manufacturer of trientine recommends avoiding concurrent administration with mineral supplements to prevent an interaction in the gastrointestinal tract that would impair absorption of trientine. The recommendation is that trientine be taken at least one hour before or two hours after meals and at least one hour apart from any drug, food, or milk.
Trovafloxacin Calcium may decrease the absorption of orally administered Trovafloxacin. Administer Trovafloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after a dose of the calcium containing agent to minimize the interaction.
Food Interactions Not Available

Predictions


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