DT-Web

DB00291 - Chlorambucil


Identification
Name Chlorambucil
Accession Number DB00291 (APRD00115)
Type small molecule
Description A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic agent for the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 304.212
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 303.079284271
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of chronic lymphatic (lymphocytic) leukemia, childhood minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, and malignant lymphomas including lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and Waldenstr?m's Macroglobulinemia.
Mechanism of action Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding 99%
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Chlorambucil is extensively metabolized in the liver primarily to phenylacetic acid mustard. The pharmacokinetic data suggests that oral chlorambucil undergoes rapid gastrointestinal absorption and plasma clearance and that it is almost completely metabolized, having extremely low urinary excretion.
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Bendamustine Increases toxicity through pharmacodynamic synergism. Additive myelosuppression.
Leflunomide Immunosuppressants such as chlorambucil may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Consider eliminating the use of a leflunomide loading dose in patients who are receiving other immunosuppressants in order to reduce the risk for serious adverse events such as hematologic toxicity. Also, patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressive medication should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly throughout the duration of concurrent therapy.
Natalizumab Immunosuppressants such as chlorambucil may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
Pimecrolimus Pimecrolimus may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants such as chlorambucil. Avoid use of pimecrolimus cream in patients receiving immunosuppressants.
Roflumilast Roflumilast may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants such as chlorambucil. The Canadian roflumilast product monograph recommends avoiding concurrent use of roflumilast with any immunosuppressant medications due to the antiinflammatory/immune altering effects of roflumilast and the lack of relevant clinical experience with such use. Of note, this recommendation to avoid concurrent use does not apply to either inhaled corticosteroids (which have much more limited systemic immune-suppressing actions) or short-term systemic corticosteroid use. U.S. prescribing information does not contain this warning; but it appears prudent to avoid this combination when possible.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus (Topical) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants sucb as chlorambucil. Avoid use of tacrolimus ointment in patients receiving immunosuppressants.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Food Interactions
  • Echinacea should be used with caution, if at all, in patients receiving therapeutic immunosuppressants. Monitor for reduced efficacy of the immunosuppressant during concomitant use.
  • Drink liberally.
  • Food reduces bioavailability.
  • Take on an empty stomach.

Targets


DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions cross-linking/alkylation
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Begleiter A, Mowat M, Israels LG, Johnston JB: Chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: mechanism of action. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996 Oct;23(3-4):187-201. - Pubmed
  • Kashiwazaki G, Bando T, Shinohara K, Minoshima M, Kumamoto H, Nishijima S, Sugiyama H: Alkylation of a human telomere sequence by heterotrimeric chlorambucil PI polyamide conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Apr 15;18(8):2887-93. Epub 2010 Mar 10. - Pubmed
  • Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Muszynska A: Synthesis and biological evaluation of new cyclic amidine analogs of chlorambucil. Farmaco. 2004 Feb;59(2):111-7. - Pubmed
  • Minoshima M, Bando T, Shinohara K, Sugiyama H: Molecular design of sequence specific DNA alkylating agents. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2009;(53):69-70. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Enzymes


Glutathione S-transferase P
Name Glutathione S-transferase P
Gene Name GSTP1
Actions substrate
References
  • Parker LJ, Ciccone S, Italiano LC, Primavera A, Oakley AJ, Morton CJ, Hancock NC, Bello ML, Parker MW: The anti-cancer drug chlorambucil as a substrate for the human polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase P1-1: kinetic properties and crystallographic characterisation of allelic variants. J Mol Biol. 2008 Jun 27;380(1):131-44. Epub 2008 May 4. - Pubmed
  • Zhang J, Lou YJ: Relationship between activation of microsomal glutathione S-transferase and metabolism behavior of chlorambucil. Pharmacol Res. 2003 Dec;48(6):623-30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5332

Transporters


Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Name Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Gene Name SLCO1A2
Actions Not Available
References
  • Kullak-Ublick GA, Glasa J, Boker C, Oswald M, Grutzner U, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Beuers U, Kramer W, Wess G, Paumgartner G: Chlorambucil-taurocholate is transported by bile acid carriers expressed in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Gastroenterology. 1997 Oct;113(4):1295-305. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.1724

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0599
4031 Glutathione S-transferase A1 GSTA1 0.0587
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.051
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0476
901 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 GSTM4 0.0417
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0359
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0358
3759 Glutathione S-transferase gst 0.0325
4541 Glutathione S-transferase GST 0.0325
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0311
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0259
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0257
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0251
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0246
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0235
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0227
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0219
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0202
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0197
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0196
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0196
1313 Lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 0.019
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0184
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0179
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0171
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.017
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0169
4041 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 MGST2 0.0168
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0161
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0161
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.016
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.016
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0155
5898 Complement C3 C3 0.0154
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0152
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0152
6150 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 SLCO4C1 0.0147
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0146
2409 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic ACAT2 0.0139
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0138
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0136
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0135
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0135
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0128
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0123
6677 Myelin P2 protein PMP2 0.0122
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.012
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0117
2517 Subtilisin BPN' apr 0.0116
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.011
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.011
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.011
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.0108
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0107
2596 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase phbA 0.0105
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0104
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0104
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0101
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.01
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.01
2443 Azurin azu 0.0097
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0096
3671 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase hdhA 0.0096
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0093
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0092
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0088
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0081
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0077
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0076
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0074
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0074
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0073
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0071
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0071
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0071
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.007
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0068
731 HIV-1 protease HIV-1 protease 0.0067
899 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 GSTM3 0.0067
905 Glutathione transferase omega-1 GSTO1 0.0067
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0066
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0066
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0064
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0064
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0064
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0062
6432 Transporter snf 0.0061
594 Thyroxine-binding globulin SERPINA7 0.006
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.006
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.006
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0059
758 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha THRA 0.0056
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0055
3709 Glycerol uptake facilitator protein glpF 0.0055
3116 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0055
4906 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0055
4965 Bacterioferritin bfr 0.0055
5489 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 subunit beta nrdB 0.0055
3173 Enolase eno 0.0055
3393 TGF-beta receptor type-2 TGFBR2 0.0055
3238 Multidrug resistance protein mexA mexA 0.0055
3336 C4-dicarboxylate transport transcriptional regulatory protein dctD dctD 0.0055
364 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 HSD11B1 0.0055
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0053
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0053
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0053
708 Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein TTPA 0.0052
4077 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform PPP2CB 0.0052
86 SEC14-like protein 4 SEC14L4 0.0052
283 SEC14-like protein 2 SEC14L2 0.0052
375 SEC14-like protein 3 SEC14L3 0.0052
4076 Diacylglycerol kinase alpha DGKA 0.0052
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0051
2101 Glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthase HPGDS 0.0051
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0051
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0051
4078 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform PPP2CA 0.005
997 Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB 0.005
346 Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 THRB 0.005
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0049
2852 DNA mismatch repair protein mutL mutL 0.0048
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0048
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0046
1970 Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA 0.0045
6459 Glycodelin PAEP 0.0045
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0044
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0044
3191 Histidinol dehydrogenase hisD 0.0044
3221 Cytochrome c4 cc4 0.0044
5278 Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 PAPSS1 0.0044
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0044
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0043
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0043
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0042
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0042
469 Annexin A1 ANXA1 0.0042
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0041
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0041
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0041
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0041
810 Heme oxygenase 1 HMOX1 0.0041
3391 Heme oxygenase 1 pbsA1 0.0041
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0041
686 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 AKR1C2 0.0041
4311 tRNA TRDMT1 0.0041
4325 tRNA trmD 0.0041
4328 tRNA trmD 0.0041
4692 A/G-specific adenine glycosylase mutY 0.004
232 Corticosteroid-binding globulin SERPINA6 0.004
2802 Endoglucanase G celCCG 0.0039
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0038
6316 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 ARF1 0.0038
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0037
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0037
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0036
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0036
5448 Ribonuclease Z rnz 0.0035
5449 Hypothetical gliding protein mglB 0.0035
3781 Thiol:disulfide interchange protein dsbC precursor dsbC 0.0035
4705 Manganese catalase Not Available 0.0035
5439 33 kDa chaperonin hslO 0.0035
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0035
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0035
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0035
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0035
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0035
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0035
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0035
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0035
5443 UPF0189 protein ymdB ymdB 0.0035
5446 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate phosphatase HI_1679 0.0035
5440 UPF0067 protein yebR yebR 0.0035
2720 Copper-containing nitrite reductase nirK 0.0035
5454 Internalin-A inlA 0.0035
5447 Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein L3MBTL1 0.0035
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0035
4238 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0035
5578 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0035
6173 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0035
6219 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0035
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0034
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0034
6033 High affinity interleukin-8 receptor A CXCR1 0.0034
4498 Ornithine cyclodeaminase PP3533 0.0034
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0033
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0033
511 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor HTR1F 0.0033
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0033
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0032
1291 cAMP response element-binding protein CREB1 0.0032
4237 50S ribosomal protein L22 rplV 0.0032
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0032
4210 Toll-like receptor 4 TLR4 0.0032
5450 Prolyl endopeptidase Pep pep 0.0031
4771 Dissimilatory copper-containing nitrite reductase nir 0.0031
3356 Diaminopimelate decarboxylase lysA 0.0031
2714 Chorismate mutase aroH 0.0031
4611 Chorismate mutase aroG 0.0031
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0031
3274 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.0031
4804 Hydroxylamine reductase hcp 0.0031
3736 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A gapA 0.003
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0029
3399 Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase limA 0.0029
663 Solute carrier family 12 member 4 SLC12A4 0.0029
53 Solute carrier family 12 member 5 SLC12A5 0.0029
3462 Tyrosine-protein kinase transforming protein Abl ABL 0.0028
3697 Bifunctional protein glmU [Includes: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase glmU 0.0028
597 Dihydropteridine reductase QDPR 0.0028
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0028
5180 L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase mdlB 0.0027
3500 Putative family 31 glucosidase yicI yicI 0.0027
4608 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO1207 0.0027
4963 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO2884 0.0027
6254 Putative cytochrome P450 SCO6998 0.0027
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0027
310 Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2 0.0027
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0026
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0026
1615 Chymase CMA1 0.0026
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0026
2597 Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] glmS 0.0025
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0025
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0025
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0025
1630 Integrin beta-2 ITGB2 0.0024
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.0024
4035 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 GSTM5 0.0024
900 Glutathione S-transferase A4 GSTA4 0.0024
903 Glutathione S-transferase A5 GSTA5 0.0024
4037 Hypothetical protein GPX1 0.0024
4297 Hypothetical protein SP_1951 0.0024
4521 Hypothetical protein BC_2969 0.0024
4540 Hypothetical protein TM_1070 0.0024
4555 Hypothetical protein MT1739 0.0024
4569 Hypothetical protein mshD 0.0024
4578 Hypothetical protein PA3270 0.0024
4747 Hypothetical protein PA3967 0.0024
5177 Hypothetical protein TM_0096 0.0024
5194 Hypothetical protein PA1204 0.0024
5240 Hypothetical protein Rv2991 0.0024
5370 Hypothetical protein TM_1158 0.0024
5710 Hypothetical protein Tb927.5.1360 0.0024
1928 Leukotriene C4 synthase LTC4S 0.0024
4043 Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial GLRX2 0.0024
4034 Glutaredoxin-1 GLRX 0.0024
906 Glutathione peroxidase 1 GPX1 0.0024
4039 CDNA FLJ23636 fis, clone CAS07176 GPX8 0.0024
4036 Glutathione peroxidase 6 GPX6 0.0024
911 Glutathione peroxidase 3 GPX3 0.0024
4042 Glutathione transferase omega-2 GSTO2 0.0024
4029 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 MGST3 0.0024
4032 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 MGST1 0.0024
910 Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase GPX5 0.0024
4033 S-formylglutathione hydrolase ESD 0.0024
4030 Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 TXNDC12 0.0024
4040 Glutathione peroxidase 7 GPX7 0.0024
907 Glutathione peroxidase 2 GPX2 0.0024
4038 Glutathione peroxidase 4 GPX4 0.0024
1975 Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial GPX4 0.0024
287 Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 B4GALT1 0.0024
1056 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 GGT1 0.0024
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0024
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0023
898 Glutathione S-transferase A3 GSTA3 0.0023
897 Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 GSTK1 0.0023
3319 Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase HAGH 0.0023
909 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase GSTZ1 0.0023
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0022
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0021
2165 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 GSTM2 0.0021
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.002
6044 Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 PON3 0.002
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0019
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0019
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0019
207 Glutathione synthetase GSS 0.0019
5269 Glutathione synthetase gshB 0.0019
2021 Thrombomodulin THBD 0.0018
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0018
572 Integrin alpha-L ITGAL 0.0018
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0018
421 Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand CAMLG 0.0018
3868 Calcineurin subunit B isoform 2 PPP3R2 0.0018
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0017
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0017
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0016
714 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial GSR 0.0016
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0016
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0015
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0015
5934 Cytochrome P450 26A1 CYP26A1 0.0015
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.0015
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0015
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0015
1010 Cytochrome P450 51A1 CYP51A1 0.0015
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0015
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0015
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0014
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0014
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0014
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0014
84 Nuclear receptor 0B1 NR0B1 0.0014
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0014
6042 Prostaglandin reductase 2 PTGR2 0.0014
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0014
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0014
2391 Ferrochelatase hemH 0.0014
6502 Ferrochelatase DKFZp686P18130 0.0014
1591 Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial FECH 0.0014
5818 Folate receptor alpha FOLR1 0.0013
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0013
1792 Tissue-type plasminogen activator PLAT 0.0013
6206 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' rpoC 0.0013
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0012
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0012
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0012
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0012
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0012
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0012
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0012
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0012
284 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.0012
5773 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.0012
293 Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase GGH 0.0012
6493 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C COX6C 0.0012
6495 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial COX7C 0.0012
6496 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial COX8A 0.0012
6499 Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A1, mitochondrial COX7A1 0.0012
6494 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial COX7B 0.0012
6491 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial COX5A 0.0012
6498 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 COX6B1 0.0012
6489 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial COX4I1 0.0012
6497 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial COX6A2 0.0012
5793 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 MT-CO2 0.0012
6559 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0012
6669 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 ctaC 0.0012
6490 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 MT-CO3 0.0012
371 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 MT-CO1 0.0012
6558 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ctaD 0.0012
2540 Choloylglycine hydrolase cbh 0.0011
1650 Heme carrier protein 1 SLC46A1 0.001
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.001
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.001
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.001
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.001
6501 Fatty acid-binding protein, liver FABP1 0.001
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.001
2287 Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH [Includes: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase ATIC 0.0009
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0009
3809 Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG 0.0009
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0009
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0009
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0008
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0008
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0008
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0008
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0008
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0008
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0008
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0008
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0008
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0008
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0008
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0008
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0007
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0007
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0007
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0007
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0007
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0007
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0007
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0007
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0007
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0007
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0007
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0007
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0007
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0006
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0006
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0006
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0006
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