DT-Web

DB00152 - Thiamine


Identification
Name Thiamine
Accession Number DB00152 (APRD00552, EXPT03222, NUTR00009)
Type small molecule
Description Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 265.355
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 265.112306876
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis.
Mechanism of action It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Thiamine is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. There are five known natural thiamine phosphate derivatives: thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and the recently discovered adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), and adenosine thiamine diphosphate. Each derivative has unique functions, however, most are involved as coenzymes.
Absorption Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Protein binding 90-94%
Biotransformation Hepatic
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1
Name Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1
Gene Name TPK1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions ligand
References
  • Pylypchuk SIu, Parkhomenko IuM, Protasova ZS, Vovk AI, Donchenko HV: [Interaction of rat brain thiamine kinase with thiamine and its derivatives] Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2001 Mar-Apr;73(2):51-6. - Pubmed
  • Melnick J, Lis E, Park JH, Kinsland C, Mori H, Baba T, Perkins J, Schyns G, Vassieva O, Osterman A, Begley TP: Identification of the two missing bacterial genes involved in thiamine salvage: thiamine pyrophosphokinase and thiamine kinase. J Bacteriol. 2004 Jun;186(11):3660-2. - Pubmed
  • Bellyei S, Szigeti A, Boronkai A, Szabo Z, Bene J, Janaky T, Barna L, Sipos K, Minik O, Kravjak A, Ohmacht R, Melegh B, Zavodszky P, Than GN, Sumegi B, Bohn H, Than NG: Cloning, sequencing, structural and molecular biological characterization of placental protein 20 (PP20)/human thiamin pyrophosphokinase (hTPK). Placenta. 2005 Jan;26(1):34-46. - Pubmed
  • de Jong L, Meng Y, Dent J, Hekimi S: Thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthesis and transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 2004 Oct;168(2):845-54. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.4
Thiamine transporter 1
Name Thiamine transporter 1
Gene Name SLC19A2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions binder
References
  • Liberman MC, Tartaglini E, Fleming JC, Neufeld EJ: Deletion of SLC19A2, the high affinity thiamine transporter, causes selective inner hair cell loss and an auditory neuropathy phenotype. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2006 Sep;7(3):211-7. Epub 2006 Apr 27. - Pubmed
  • Diaz GA, Banikazemi M, Oishi K, Desnick RJ, Gelb BD: Mutations in a new gene encoding a thiamine transporter cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia syndrome. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):309-12. - Pubmed
  • Fleming JC, Tartaglini E, Steinkamp MP, Schorderet DF, Cohen N, Neufeld EJ: The gene mutated in thiamine-responsive anaemia with diabetes and deafness (TRMA) encodes a functional thiamine transporter. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):305-8. - Pubmed
  • Labay V, Raz T, Baron D, Mandel H, Williams H, Barrett T, Szargel R, McDonald L, Shalata A, Nosaka K, Gregory S, Cohen N: Mutations in SLC19A2 cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia associated with diabetes mellitus and deafness. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):300-4. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6028

Enzymes


Cytochrome P450 4B1
Name Cytochrome P450 4B1
Gene Name CYP4B1
Actions inducer
References
  • Liu S, Stromberg A, Tai HH, Moscow JA: Thiamine transporter gene expression and exogenous thiamine modulate the expression of genes involved in drug and prostaglandin metabolism in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2004 Aug;2(8):477-87. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Transporters


Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Gene Name SLC22A2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Urakami Y, Akazawa M, Saito H, Okuda M, Inui K: cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jul;13(7):1703-10. - Pubmed
  • Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3781
Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 22 member 1
Gene Name SLC22A1
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH, Wright SH: Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCT1. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;63(3):489-98. - Pubmed
  • Sinclair CJ, Chi KD, Subramanian V, Ward KL, Green RM: Functional expression of a high affinity mammalian hepatic choline/organic cation transporter. J Lipid Res. 2000 Nov;41(11):1841-8. - Pubmed
  • Green RM, Lo K, Sterritt C, Beier DR: Cloning and functional expression of a mouse liver organic cation transporter. Hepatology. 1999 May;29(5):1556-62. - Pubmed
  • Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4277
Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
Name Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
Gene Name SLC22A5
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. - Pubmed
  • Wu X, Huang W, Prasad PD, Seth P, Rajan DP, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1482-92. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3863

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0861
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0827
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0762
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0646
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0594
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.053
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0517
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.046
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.0376
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0372
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0363
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0361
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0331
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0327
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0289
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0272
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0263
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0255
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0253
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0249
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0239
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0234
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0234
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0234
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.023
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.023
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.023
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0225
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0219
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.0215
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0209
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0208
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0207
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0203
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0199
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0198
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0198
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0197
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0188
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0186
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0184
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0181
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.018
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.018
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0177
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0171
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0171
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0168
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0165
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0163
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0163
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.0159
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0153
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0153
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0153
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.015
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0149
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0146
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0145
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.0143
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0142
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0137
281 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 PRKAB1 0.0137
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0136
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0135
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0132
131 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2 0.0132
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0132
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0131
748 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 PRKAA1 0.013
624 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase GAMT 0.0128
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0128
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0128
2472 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0128
6366 Voltage-gated potassium channel kcsA 0.0128
672 Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor PTGFR 0.0125
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0124
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0123
4209 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 KCNJ8 0.0116
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0113
4203 Histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT 0.0109
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0109
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0107
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0107
1064 DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 DNMT1 0.0105
633 Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B pbpA 0.0104
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0102
5126 Arginase rocF 0.01
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0099
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0099
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0099
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0099
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0099
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0099
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0099
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0097
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0097
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0097
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0097
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0097
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0097
1341 Histamine H3 receptor HRH3 0.0094
677 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A PCYT1A 0.0092
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0091
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.009
6070 Nischarin NISCH 0.0089
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0087
694 Matrix protein 2 M 0.0086
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0085
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0085
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0084
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0083
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0083
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.008
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0077
1830 5'-nucleotidase NT5E 0.0077
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0077
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0077
7154 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0077
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0077
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0077
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0077
3704 Spermidine/putrescine-binding periplasmic protein precursor potD 0.0077
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0075
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0074
125 DNA polymerase beta POLB 0.0074
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0074
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0073
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0073
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0073
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0073
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0073
1636 Trace amine-associated receptor 1 TAAR1 0.0073
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0073
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0073
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0073
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0073
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0073
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0071
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.007
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.007
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.007
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0069
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0069
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0068
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0067
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0067
3560 Gentamicin 3'-acetyltransferase aacC1 0.0067
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0067
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0067
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0066
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0066
749 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, neuronal ACCN1 0.0066
3611 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.0065
3707 Cytidine deaminase cdd 0.0065
4211 Cytidine deaminase CDA 0.0065
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0065
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0064
192 Creatine kinase, ubiquitous mitochondrial CKMT1A 0.0063
456 Creatine kinase, sarcomeric mitochondrial CKMT2 0.0063
92 Creatine kinase B-type CKB 0.0063
414 Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 SLC6A8 0.0063
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0062
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0061
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0061
982 Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein CARTPT 0.006
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0059
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0059
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0059
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0059
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0059
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0059
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0059
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0059
387 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0059
7187 Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] ABP1 0.0059
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0058
6067 Penicillin binding protein 2a mecA 0.0058
213 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha SCNN1A 0.0058
550 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit delta SCNN1D 0.0058
6111 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 4 POLE4 0.0058
827 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 SLC9A1 0.0058
27 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta SCNN1B 0.0058
552 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma SCNN1G 0.0058
6112 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3 POLE3 0.0058
6108 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B RRM2B 0.0058
6110 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 POLE2 0.0058
6109 DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A POLE 0.0058
2300 Lysozyme E 0.0057
3633 Lysozyme R 0.0057
5597 Lysozyme 17 0.0057
788 Creatine kinase M-type CKM 0.0057
5682 Ribonuclease pancreatic RNASE1 0.0056
3929 Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase PHOSPHO1 0.0056
3933 Choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase CEPT1 0.0056
549 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PCYT1B 0.0056
3926 Choline transporter-like protein 2 SLC44A2 0.0056
861 Choline kinase alpha CHKA 0.0056
1686 Choline transporter-like protein 1 SLC44A1 0.0056
769 High-affinity choline transporter 1 SLC5A7 0.0056
3927 Choline transporter-like protein 3 SLC44A3 0.0056
3925 Choline transporter-like protein 4 SLC44A4 0.0056
264 Choline/ethanolamine kinase [Includes: Choline kinase beta CHKB 0.0056
700 Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial CHDH 0.0056
576 Choline O-acetyltransferase CHAT 0.0056
3922 Phospholipase D2 PLD2 0.0056
3924 Phospholipase D1 PLD1 0.0056
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0055
1759 85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 PLA2G6 0.0055
1770 Phospholipase C PLCL1 0.0055
2841 Phospholipase C plc 0.0055
3610 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic TXNRD1 0.0054
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0053
6432 Transporter snf 0.0052
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0052
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0052
860 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase NNMT 0.0051
583 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] QPRT 0.0051
2442 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0051
2459 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] nadC 0.0051
699 Nicotinic acid receptor 1 GPR109A 0.0051
928 Nicotinic acid receptor 2 GPR109B 0.0051
4218 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit RRM2 0.005
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.005
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0049
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0049
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0049
6218 Pannexin-1 PANX1 0.0047
731 HIV-1 protease HIV-1 protease 0.0047
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0047
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0046
303 Diamine acetyltransferase 2 SAT2 0.0045
623 Spermine oxidase SMOX 0.0045
1317 Spermine synthase SMS 0.0045
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0045
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0045
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0045
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0044
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0044
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0044
342 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0044
612 P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase P 0.0044
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.0044
603 DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit POLA1 0.0043
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0043
3755 Nucleoside-specific channel-forming protein tsx precursor tsx 0.0043
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0042
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0042
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0041
360 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit RRM1 0.0041
123 Diamine acetyltransferase 1 SAT1 0.004
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.004
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.004
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0039
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0039
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0039
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0039
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0038
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0038
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0038
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0038
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0038
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.0038
702 UMP-CMP kinase CMPK1 0.0037
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0037
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0037
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.0037
527 Prostacyclin receptor PTGIR 0.0036
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0036
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0036
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0036
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0036
1074 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator PLAU 0.0036
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0035
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0035
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0034
1864 RET proto-oncogene RET 0.0034
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.0033
1950 Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 DDR1 0.0033
6094 BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9 BCR/ABL fusion 0.0033
6170 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 ABCA3 0.0033
277 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase PNP 0.0033
2870 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0033
2945 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0033
4659 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TM_1596 0.0033
4825 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TTHA1435 0.0033
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.0033
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.0033
2251 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0033
2254 Thymidylate kinase DTYMK 0.0033
3522 Thymidylate kinase tmk 0.0033
3478 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0032
4277 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmlA 0.0032
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0032
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0032
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0032
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0032
500 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 SLC16A3 0.0032
2257 Uridine phosphorylase udp 0.0031
5132 Uridine phosphorylase udp 0.0031
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0031
6212 Tubulin gamma-1 chain TUBG1 0.0031
6210 Tubulin delta chain TUBD1 0.0031
6211 Tubulin epsilon chain TUBE1 0.0031
577 Argininosuccinate lyase ASL 0.0031
834 Arginase-2, mitochondrial ARG2 0.0031
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.003
150 Cationic amino acid transporter 3 SLC7A3 0.003
235 High-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 SLC7A1 0.003
58 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 SLC7A4 0.003
489 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 SLC16A7 0.003
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0029
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0029
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0028
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0028
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0028
740 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0028
865 Argininosuccinate synthase ASS1 0.0028
2680 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0028
3194 Argininosuccinate synthase argG 0.0028
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0028
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0028
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0028
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0028
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0028
558 Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1 0.0027
6180 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 UGT2B4 0.0027
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0027
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0027
1618 High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NTRK1 0.0027
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.0027
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0027
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0027
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0027
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0026
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.0026
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.0026
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0026
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0025
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0025
4217 Telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT 0.0024
1629 Transcription factor AP-1 JUN 0.0024
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0023
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0023
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.0023
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.0023
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0023
2449 Tubulin alpha-3 chain TUBA1A 0.0022
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0021
161 Tubulin beta chain TUBB 0.0021
312 Tubulin beta chain TUB2 0.0021
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.002
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.002
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.002
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.002
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.002
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.002
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0019
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0019
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0019
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0019
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0019
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0019
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0019
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0019
2320 Thymidine kinase, cytosolic TK1 0.0018
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0018
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0018
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0017
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0017
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0017
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.0017
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0017
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.0017
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0017
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0017
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.0017
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0017
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0017
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0017
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0016
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0016
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0016
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0016
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0016
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0016
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0016
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0016
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0015
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0015
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0015
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0015
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0015
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0015
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0015
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0015
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0015
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0014
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0014
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0014
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0013
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0013
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0013
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0012
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.0012
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0012
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0012
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0012
3587 Gastrotropin FABP6 0.0012
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0012
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0011
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.001
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0009
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0009
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0009
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0008
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0007
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