DT-Web

DB00126 - Vitamin C


Identification
Name Vitamin C
Accession Number DB00126 (APRD00084, EXPT00568, NUTR00001)
Type small molecule
Description A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 176.1241
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 176.032087988
Pharmacology
Indication Used to treat vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, delayed wound and bone healing, urine acidification, and in general as an antioxidant. It has also been suggested to be an effective antiviral agent.
Mechanism of action In humans, an exogenous source of ascorbic acid is required for collagen formation and tissue repair by acting as a cofactor in the posttranslational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid in the body. These two forms of the vitamin are believed to be important in oxidation-reduction reactions. The vitamin is involved in tyrosine metabolism, conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, resistance to infections, and cellular respiration.
Absorption 70% to 90%
Protein binding 25%
Biotransformation Hepatic. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidised (by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of ascorbic acid) to dehydroascorbic acid. The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some ascorbic acid is metabolized to inactive compounds including ascorbic acid-2-sulfate and oxalic acid.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Deferoxamine Vitamin C may increase the adverse effects of deferoxamine. Transient deterioration of left ventricular function has been observed during concomitant therapy. Use caution during concomitant therapy.
Indinavir Vitamin C decreases indinavir levels
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
Name Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
Gene Name LCT
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.437
Hyaluronate lyase
Name Hyaluronate lyase
Gene Name SP_0314
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Li S, Taylor KB, Kelly SJ, Jedrzejas MJ: Vitamin C inhibits the enzymatic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):15125-30. Epub 2001 Jan 12. - Pubmed
  • Okorukwu ON, Vercruysse KP: Effects of ascorbic acid and analogs on the activity of testicular hyaluronidase and hyaluronan lyase on hyaluronan. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2003 Aug;18(4):377-82. - Pubmed
  • Botzki A, Rigden DJ, Braun S, Nukui M, Salmen S, Hoechstetter J, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Jedrzejas MJ, Buschauer A: L-Ascorbic acid 6-hexadecanoate, a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor. X-ray structure and molecular modeling of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):45990-7. Epub 2004 Aug 18. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2295
DNA
Name DNA
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Guarnieri S, Loft S, Riso P, Porrini M, Risom L, Poulsen HE, Dragsted LO, Moller P: DNA repair phenotype and dietary antioxidant supplementation. Br J Nutr. 2007 Oct 10;:1-7. - Pubmed
  • Singh S, Rana SV: Amelioration of arsenic toxicity by L-Ascorbic acid in laboratory rat. J Environ Biol. 2007 Apr;28(2 Suppl):377-84. - Pubmed
  • Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC: Protection of arsenic-induced hepatic disorder by arjunolic Acid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101(5):333-8. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
Xylose isomerase
Name Xylose isomerase
Gene Name xylA
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.1646
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
Name Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
Gene Name PLOD2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0177
Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal
Name Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal
Gene Name PHYH
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9998
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3
Name Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3
Gene Name PLOD3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9235
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Name Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Gene Name BBOX1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Dunn WA, Rettura G, Seifter E, Englard S: Carnitine biosynthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine and from exogenous protein-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine by the perfused guinea pig liver. Effect of ascorbate deficiency on the in situ activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Sep 10;259(17):10764-70. - Pubmed
  • Vaz FM, van Gool S, Ofman R, IJlst L, Wanders RJ: Carnitine biosynthesis. Purification of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from rat liver. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;466:117-24. - Pubmed
  • Rebouche CJ: Ascorbic acid and carnitine biosynthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Dec;54(6 Suppl):1147S-1152S. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9225
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Name Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Gene Name DBH
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Suzuki E, Kurata T, Shibata M, Mori M, Arakawa N: Activities of D- and L-xyloascorbic acid and D- and L-araboascorbic acid as a cofactor for dopamine beta-hydroxylase reaction. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1997 Oct;43(5):491-6. - Pubmed
  • Pettingill TM, Strange RW, Blackburn NJ: Carbonmonoxy dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 15;266(26):16996-7003. - Pubmed
  • Feng J, Shi J, Sirimanne SR, Mounier-Lee CE, May SW: Kinetic and stereochemical studies on novel inactivators of C-terminal amidation. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 1;350 Pt 2:521-30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7777
Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
Name Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
Gene Name PAM
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Romero I, Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta M, Maldonado R, Isabel Escribano M, Merodio C: Anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and stress-induced gene expression in high CO(2)-treated table grapes stored at low temperature. J Plant Physiol. 2007 Jun 12;. - Pubmed
  • Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Milczarek G, Arasimowicz M, Ciszewski A: Do nitric oxide donors mimic endogenous NO-related response in plants? Planta. 2006 Nov;224(6):1363-72. Epub 2006 Jun 14. - Pubmed
  • Crespo A, Marti MA, Roitberg AE, Amzel LM, Estrin DA: The catalytic mechanism of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase investigated by computer simulation. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Oct 4;128(39):12817-28. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.7816
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
Name Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
Gene Name P4HA1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9136
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
Name Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
Gene Name LEPRE1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8765
Hypothetical protein DKFZp686H15154
Name Hypothetical protein DKFZp686H15154
Gene Name OGFOD2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0171
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2
Name Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2
Gene Name ALKBH2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0175
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2
Name Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2
Gene Name LEPREL1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8766
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
Name Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
Gene Name LEPREL2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8762
2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 1
Name 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 1
Gene Name OGFOD1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0168
Egl nine homolog 2
Name Egl nine homolog 2
Gene Name EGLN2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Nytko KJ, Spielmann P, Camenisch G, Wenger RH, Stiehl DP: Regulated function of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) oxygen sensor proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Sep;9(9):1329-38. - Pubmed
  • Bruegge K, Jelkmann W, Metzen E: Hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and chemical compounds targeting the HIF-alpha hydroxylases. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(17):1853-62. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0197
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3
Name Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3
Gene Name ALKBH3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0174
Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D
Name Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D
Gene Name KDM5D
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0163
Egl nine homolog 1
Name Egl nine homolog 1
Gene Name EGLN1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.4926
Solute carrier family 23 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 23 member 1
Gene Name SLC23A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Kang JS, Kim HN, Jung da J, Kim JE, Mun GH, Kim YS, Cho D, Shin DH, Hwang YI, Lee WJ: Regulation of UVB-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 production in skin keratinocytes by increasing vitamin C uptake via the redistribution of SVCT-1 from the cytosol to the membrane. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Mar;127(3):698-706. Epub 2006 Sep 28. - Pubmed
  • Johnston L, Laverty G: Vitamin C transport and SVCT1 transporter expression in chick renal proximal tubule cells in culture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Mar;146(3):327-34. Epub 2006 Dec 5. - Pubmed
  • Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV: SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake. Amino Acids. 2007 Jun 1;. - Pubmed
  • Perez MJ, Castano B, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Marin JJ: Multiple protective effects of melatonin against maternal cholestasis-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the rat fetal liver-placenta-maternal liver trio. J Pineal Res. 2007 Sep;43(2):130-9. - Pubmed
  • Steiling H, Longet K, Moodycliffe A, Mansourian R, Bertschy E, Smola H, Mauch C, Williamson G: Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter isoforms in skin: Distribution, kinetics, and effect of UVB-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Sep 1;43(5):752-62. Epub 2007 May 10. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0167
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
Name Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
Gene Name PLOD1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions activator
References
  • Salavoura K, Valari M, Kolialexi A, Mavrou A, Kitsiou S: A case of Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI. Genet Couns. 2006;17(3):291-4. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9238
Egl nine homolog 3
Name Egl nine homolog 3
Gene Name EGLN3
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0204
Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial
Name Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial
Gene Name TMLHE
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9224
Putative HIF-prolyl hydroxylase PH-4
Name Putative HIF-prolyl hydroxylase PH-4
Gene Name P4HTM
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0169

Transporters


Solute carrier family 23 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 23 member 1
Gene Name SLC23A1
Actions Not Available
References
  • Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Chen XZ, Wang Y, Brubaker RF, Hediger MA: A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature. 1999 May 6;399(6731):70-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0167

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
3172 Hyaluronate lyase hylB 1.2295
4130 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha HIF1A 0.3049
2581 Chondroitinase AC cslA 0.2452
4000 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 P4HA2 0.2394
4010 Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier SLC25A10 0.1909
391 Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] beta-chain, mitochondrial SUCLG2 0.1909
4007 Succinate receptor 1 SUCNR1 0.1909
4009 Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP-forming] beta-chain, mitochondrial SUCLA2 0.1909
1410 Oxidoreductase HSD17B6 0.1909
4725 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.1909
5124 Oxidoreductase Not Available 0.1909
4002 Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial SUCLG1 0.1909
4008 Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial OXCT2 0.1909
498 Solute carrier family 13 member 2 SLC13A2 0.1909
673 Solute carrier family 13 member 3 SLC13A3 0.1908
25 Solute carrier family 13 member 1 SLC13A1 0.1908
585 Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase ASPH 0.1647
2245 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.1646
2253 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.1646
2431 Xylose isomerase xylA 0.1646
4003 Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial OXCT1 0.1486
5355 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase Not Available 0.1477
4006 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial SDHC 0.1314
4001 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial SDHB 0.1313
2430 Chondroitinase B cslB 0.1252
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.1231
3999 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial SDHD 0.1204
197 Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial SDHA 0.1136
1483 Membrane copper amine oxidase AOC3 0.0982
4083 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H PPIH 0.0931
4085 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C PPIC 0.0931
4087 Pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase isoform P5CR2 0.093
4090 Chromosome 14 open reading frame 149 C14orf149 0.093
797 Sodium-dependent proline transporter SLC6A7 0.093
4082 Proline oxidase, mitochondrial PRODH 0.093
4088 Probable prolyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial PARS2 0.093
4086 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G PPIG 0.093
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0927
4702 Alpha-glucuronidase glcA67A 0.0903
4792 Alpha-glucuronidase aguA 0.0903
5696 Alginate lyase aly 0.0844
3842 Multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2 MCFD2 0.0753
3841 ERGIC-53 protein LMAN1 0.0752
3840 Asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 ASGR2 0.0752
1847 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein HSPA5 0.0752
1635 von Willebrand factor VWF 0.0752
4084 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B PPIB 0.073
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.0719
248 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 0.0718
802 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PYCR2 0.0718
4416 Chondroitinase Not Available 0.068
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0661
1516 Calnexin CANX 0.0655
6614 Lactase-like protein LCTL 0.0655
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.064
2554 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, mitochondrial PPIF 0.0638
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.0623
3831 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 LRP1 0.0603
2448 Exoglucanase/xylanase [Includes: Exoglucanase cex 0.0592
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0587
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0587
2248 Malate synthase G glcB 0.0586
3190 Malate synthase G glcB 0.0586
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0576
1524 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A PPIA 0.0567
6700 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A ppiA 0.0567
4292 Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]--UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase lpxA 0.0566
3076 Antigen 85-C fbpC 0.0565
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0563
3747 Cellulase B precursor celB 0.0551
3289 Beta-glucosidase A bglA 0.0523
3298 Beta-glucosidase A bglA 0.0523
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0521
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0496
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0418
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0409
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0387
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0294
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0251
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0242
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0226
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0224
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.021
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0182
5247 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Not Available 0.0172
5248 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase xlnA 0.0172
5250 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase xyl 0.0172
4669 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xynA 0.0172
4715 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xlnA 0.0172
5560 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A xynA 0.0172
5245 Endo-beta-1,4-xylanase Not Available 0.0162
5246 Xylanase Y BH2105 0.0162
4819 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0159
5249 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0159
5436 Hydrolase Not Available 0.0159
3365 Beta-amylase spoII 0.015
4830 Aldose 1-epimerase galM 0.015
5023 Glycoside hydrolase Not Available 0.0141
5024 Glycoside hydrolase Not Available 0.0141
4808 Endoxylanase xynC 0.0141
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0107
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0105
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0099
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0095
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0095
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0095
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.0094
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0091
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0086
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0084
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0082
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0079
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0079
1184 Interferon beta IFNB1 0.0068
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0064
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0062
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0059
4666 Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL lecB 0.0058
2372 Bifunctional tail protein 9 0.0058
4878 Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA 0.0041
1072 Granzyme B GZMB 0.0041
1052 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 CTLA4 0.0041
4877 Beta-mannanase man 0.0041
4871 Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 endOF3 0.0041
4889 Ig epsilon chain C region IGHE 0.0041
4850 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 APOH 0.0041
4880 Membrane cofactor protein CD46 0.0041
1354 Beta-glucuronidase GUSB 0.0041
1563 Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain GP1BA 0.0041
4856 CD209 antigen CD209 0.0041
757 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0041
4875 Fusion glycoprotein F0 F 0.0041
4189 Alpha-galactosidase A GLA 0.0041
4869 Major capsid protein A430L 0.0041
4852 Reticulon-4 receptor RTN4R 0.0041
442 Envelope glycoprotein gp41 0.0041
4859 Envelope glycoprotein env 0.0041
4845 ADAM 33 ADAM33 0.0041
4882 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 DPP6 0.0041
4721 Beta-1,4-mannanase manA 0.0041
3352 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0041
3628 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0041
4892 Structural polyprotein Not Available 0.0041
3689 Endoglucanase A celA 0.0037
5411 Slt-IIvB stxB2e 0.0037
5563 Galectin-2 LGALS2 0.0037
5565 Inorganic polyphosphate/ATP-glucomannokinase ppgmk 0.0037
5046 Ecotin eco 0.0037
5554 D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein mglB 0.0037
3741 D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein precursor mglB 0.0037
1875 Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D SFTPD 0.0037
4668 Laminarinase TM_0024 0.0037
3009 Beta-glucanase Not Available 0.0037
3793 Aspartate ammonia-lyase aspA 0.0037
5569 Endo-1,4-beta glucanase EngF engF 0.0037
5553 Endoglucanase E1 Acel_0614 0.0037
5559 Neopullulanase nplT 0.0037
5568 Endoglucanase C307 celC307 0.0037
4670 Cellulase B celB 0.0037
4667 BH0236 protein BH0236 0.0037
3744 Endoglucanase SS precursor celS 0.0037
5562 Hexokinase Not Available 0.0037
5570 Endoglucanase E-4 celD 0.0037
4671 Endoglucanase C cenC 0.0037
4861 Interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain IL6R 0.0036
119 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1 0.0036
4193 Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor NPR3 0.0036
793 T-cell surface antigen CD2 CD2 0.0036
3837 Cytokine receptor common beta chain CSF2RB 0.0036
4857 Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein AZGP1 0.0035
6858 Inactive carboxylesterase 4 CES1P1 0.0035
1379 Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B 0.0035
4890 Hemagglutinin HA 0.0035
6566 Hemagglutinin Not Available 0.0035
4509 Acetoin(diacetyl) reductase budC 0.0033
2998 Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 SIGLEC7 0.0032
6120 Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor IGF2R 0.0032
2297 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
2322 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
2694 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
2719 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
2860 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
2928 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
3160 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
3260 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
4783 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
5726 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
5779 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
5867 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6253 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6301 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6380 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6381 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6437 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6520 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6521 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6652 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6734 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6735 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6736 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6737 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6738 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6739 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6744 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6748 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6894 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
6898 Genome polyprotein Not Available 0.0032
5498 Maltoporin lamB 0.0032
5561 Maltoporin lamB 0.0032
3140 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0032
3609 Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN 0.0032
3258 Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase MSDC 0.0032
3444 Cyanovirin-N Not Available 0.0032
1503 Galectin-7 LGALS7 0.0032
1859 Prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP 0.0032
5416 Coat protein VP1 Not Available 0.0032
5056 Maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, putative treZ 0.0032
5176 YtnJ moxC 0.0031
2728 Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase amyP 0.0031
4622 Amylase Not Available 0.0031
2705 Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase dmsA 0.0031
3525 ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial NUDT9 0.0031
4787 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.003
4820 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.003
5727 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 env 0.003
3091 Maltodextrin phosphorylase malP 0.0029
852 Heparin cofactor 2 SERPIND1 0.0029
3547 Enterotoxin type B entB 0.0029
4811 Amylosucrase ams 0.0029
554 Low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR 0.0029
2856 Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase GNPDA1 0.0029
18 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha FCER1A 0.0029
2324 Botulinum neurotoxin type B botB 0.0029
2577 Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MAN1B1 0.0029
2606 Neopullulanase 2 tvaII 0.0029
2564 Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohexaosidase Not Available 0.0029
2531 Alpha-amylase amyE 0.0029
2948 Alpha-amylase amy 0.0029
3169 Alpha-amylase Not Available 0.0029
2541 Neopullulanase 1 tvaI 0.0029
3153 Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase-B gdhB 0.0029
3480 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase manA 0.0028
2826 Glucose--fructose oxidoreductase gfo 0.0028
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0028
1881 Hexokinase-1 HK1 0.0028
595 Fibrinogen alpha chain FGA 0.0027
3225 Shiga toxin B-chain stxB 0.0027
1439 Lactotransferrin LTF 0.0027
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0026
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0026
2293 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase Not Available 0.0026
2508 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase cgt 0.0026
2523 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase cgt 0.0026
3207 Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase amyA 0.0026
3030 Salivary alpha-amylase AMY1A 0.0026
4692 A/G-specific adenine glycosylase mutY 0.0026
1675 Glucokinase GCK 0.0026
4662 Glucokinase glk 0.0026
1782 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin LCN2 0.0026
2802 Endoglucanase G celCCG 0.0025
4272 POSSIBLE CELLULASE CELA1 celA1 0.0025
2570 Tetanus toxin tetX 0.0025
3668 Maltose-binding periplasmic protein precursor malE 0.0025
6307 Ig gamma-2 chain C region IGHG2 0.0025
2440 Endoglucanase F celCCF 0.0024
6500 Phospholipase A2 PLA2G1B 0.0024
3814 Complement C1r subcomponent C1R 0.0023
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0022
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0022
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0022
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0022
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0022
2207 Rhodopsin RHO 0.0022
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0022
2252 Endoglucanase 5A cel5A 0.0022
2723 Cholera enterotoxin subunit B ctxB 0.0021
4785 Ig gamma-1 chain C region IGHG1 0.002
4513 Pancreatic alpha-amylase AMY2A 0.002
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.002
76 Nitric-oxide synthase, brain NOS1 0.002
2427 Ferrichrome-iron receptor fhuA 0.002
952 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 DPP4 0.0018
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0017
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0013
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