DT-Web

DB00996 - Gabapentin


Identification
Name Gabapentin
Accession Number DB00996 (APRD00015)
Type small molecule
Description Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy. Presently, gabapentin is widely used to relieve pain, especially neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is well tolerated in most patients, has a relatively mild side-effect profile, and passes through the body unmetabolized.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 171.2368
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 171.125928793
Pharmacology
Indication For the management of postherpetic neuralgia in adults and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and without secondary generalization in patients over 12 years of age with epilepsy.
Mechanism of action Gabapentin interacts with cortical neurons at auxillary subunits of voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Gabapentin increases the synaptic concentration of GABA, enhances GABA responses at non-synaptic sites in neuronal tissues, and reduces the release of mono-amine neurotransmitters. One of the mechanisms implicated in this effect of gabapentin is the reduction of the axon excitability measured as an amplitude change of the presynaptic fibre volley (FV) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. This is mediated through its binding to presynaptic NMDA receptors. Other studies have shown that the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of gabapentin are mediated by the descending noradrenergic system, resulting in the activation of spinal alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Gabapentin has also been shown to bind and activate the adenosine A1 receptor.
Absorption Rapid. Absorbed in part by the L-amino acid transport system, which is a carrier-mediated, saturable transport system; as the dose increases, bioavailability decreases. Bioavailability ranges from approximately 60% for a 900 mg dose per day to approximately 27% for a 4800 milligram dose per day. Food has a slight effect on the rate and extent of absorption of gabapentin (14% increase in AUC).
Protein binding Less than 3% of gabapentin circulates bound to plasma protein.
Biotransformation All pharmacological actions following gabapentin administration are due to the activity of the parent compound; gabapentin is not appreciably metabolized in humans.
Route of elimination Gabapentin is eliminated from the systemic circulation by renal excretion as unchanged drug. Gabapentin is not appreciably metabolized in humans.
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include ataxia, labored breathing, ptosis, sedation, hypoactivity, and excitation.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Ethotoin Increases the effect of hydantoin
Fosphenytoin Gabapentin may increase the effect of fosphenytoin.
Mephenytoin Increases the effect of hydantoin
Phenytoin Gabapentin may increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of phenytoin.
Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Gabapentin, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals.
  • Avoid alcohol.

Targets


Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1
Name Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1
Gene Name CACNA2D1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Maneuf YP, Luo ZD, Lee K: alpha2delta and the mechanism of action of gabapentin in the treatment of pain. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2006 Oct;17(5):565-70. Epub 2006 Sep 24. - Pubmed
  • Hota D, Bansal V, Pattanaik S: Evaluation of ketamine, nimodipine, gabapentin and imipramine in partial sciatic nerve transection model of neuropathic pain in rat: an experimental study. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;29(7):443-6. - Pubmed
  • Gazulla J, Tintore MA: The P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channel as pharmacological target in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: gabapentin and pregabalin may be of therapeutic benefit. Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(1):131-6. Epub 2006 Aug 8. - Pubmed
  • Hendrich J, Van Minh AT, Heblich F, Nieto-Rostro M, Watschinger K, Striessnig J, Wratten J, Davies A, Dolphin AC: Pharmacological disruption of calcium channel trafficking by the alpha2delta ligand gabapentin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 4;105(9):3628-33. Epub 2008 Feb 25. - Pubmed
  • Hoffmann U, Dilekoz E, Kudo C, Ayata C: Gabapentin suppresses cortical spreading depression susceptibility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010 Sep;30(9):1588-92. Epub 2010 Jun 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3837
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2
Name Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2
Gene Name CACNA2D2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Hota D, Bansal V, Pattanaik S: Evaluation of ketamine, nimodipine, gabapentin and imipramine in partial sciatic nerve transection model of neuropathic pain in rat: an experimental study. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;29(7):443-6. - Pubmed
  • Gazulla J, Tintore MA: The P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channel as pharmacological target in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: gabapentin and pregabalin may be of therapeutic benefit. Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(1):131-6. Epub 2006 Aug 8. - Pubmed
  • Hendrich J, Van Minh AT, Heblich F, Nieto-Rostro M, Watschinger K, Striessnig J, Wratten J, Davies A, Dolphin AC: Pharmacological disruption of calcium channel trafficking by the alpha2delta ligand gabapentin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 4;105(9):3628-33. Epub 2008 Feb 25. - Pubmed
  • Hoffmann U, Dilekoz E, Kudo C, Ayata C: Gabapentin suppresses cortical spreading depression susceptibility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010 Sep;30(9):1588-92. Epub 2010 Jun 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3138
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B
Name Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B
Gene Name CACNA1B
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Cheng JK, Chen CC, Yang JR, Chiou LC: The antiallodynic action target of intrathecal gabapentin: Ca2+ channels, KATP channels or N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors? Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):182-7. - Pubmed
  • Hendrich J, Van Minh AT, Heblich F, Nieto-Rostro M, Watschinger K, Striessnig J, Wratten J, Davies A, Dolphin AC: Pharmacological disruption of calcium channel trafficking by the alpha2delta ligand gabapentin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 4;105(9):3628-33. Epub 2008 Feb 25. - Pubmed
  • Hoffmann U, Dilekoz E, Kudo C, Ayata C: Gabapentin suppresses cortical spreading depression susceptibility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010 Sep;30(9):1588-92. Epub 2010 Jun 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3178
Adenosine A1 receptor
Name Adenosine A1 receptor
Gene Name ADORA1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions agonist
References
  • De Vry J, Kuhl E, Franken-Kunkel P, Eckel G: Pharmacological characterization of the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 May 3;491(2-3):137-48. - Pubmed
  • Zuchora B, Wielosz M, Urbanska EM: Adenosine A1 receptors and the anticonvulsant potential of drugs effective in the model of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced seizures in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Jan;15(1):85-93. - Pubmed
  • Kralic JE, Criswell HE, Osterman JL, O'Buckley TK, Wilkie ME, Matthews DB, Hamre K, Breese GR, Homanics GE, Morrow AL: Genetic essential tremor in gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor alpha1 subunit knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 2005 Mar;115(3):774-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3844

Enzymes


Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Name Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Gene Name BCAT1
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Goto M, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Conway M, Yennawar N, Islam MM, Hutson SM: Structural determinants for branched-chain aminotransferase isozyme-specific inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4;280(44):37246-56. Epub 2005 Sep 1. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5075

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.1632
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.139
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.137
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.1298
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.1186
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.1071
268 Adenosine A2b receptor ADORA2B 0.0937
1435 Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A SV2A 0.0798
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0777
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0728
246 Valyl-tRNA synthetase VARS 0.0711
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0688
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0687
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.0586
601 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial PCCB 0.0573
750 Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit CACNG1 0.0552
795 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2 0.0535
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0523
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0523
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0517
390 Adenosine A3 receptor ADORA3 0.0514
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0499
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.0465
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0422
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0412
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0409
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0408
701 Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase IARS 0.0405
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0405
4080 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial IARS2 0.0405
546 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic IARS 0.0405
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0402
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0376
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0373
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.0355
501 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 LCMT1 0.0347
675 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 LCMT2 0.0346
227 Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LARS2 0.0346
846 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic LARS 0.0346
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0346
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0337
6070 Nischarin NISCH 0.0337
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.032
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0316
401 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 GRIN1 0.0285
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0282
1830 5'-nucleotidase NT5E 0.0256
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0255
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0245
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0241
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0228
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0223
691 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B PDE7B 0.0218
741 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 KCNQ1 0.0213
199 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 SLC16A2 0.0212
6048 Troponin C, skeletal muscle TNNC2 0.021
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0205
6021 Adenosine kinase ADK 0.0192
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0191
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0191
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.019
779 High-affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A PDE7A 0.019
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0189
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0175
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0174
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0166
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0164
4109 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C PDE4C 0.0161
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0152
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0151
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.0139
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0132
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0127
2358 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D PDE4D 0.0124
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.012
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0119
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0111
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0107
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0107
814 Ryanodine receptor 1 RYR1 0.0103
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0088
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0074
665 Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 0.0062
4652 Phosphoserine aminotransferase serC 0.0062
801 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial AADAT 0.0062
3895 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 CCBL2 0.0062
420 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0062
3900 Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1 0.0062
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.006
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.006
3877 Growth-inhibiting protein 18 GIG18 0.0057
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0056
426 Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2 0.0054
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0054
763 Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT 0.0053
5493 Tyrosine aminotransferase Not Available 0.0053
735 Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT 0.0053
3904 Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2 0.0053
914 Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD 0.0053
586 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1 0.0052
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0052
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0045
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0044
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0044
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.004
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.004
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0039
4025 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 SLC25A22 0.0038
4026 Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP 0.0038
4022 Glutamate--ammonia ligase domain-containing protein 1 LGSN 0.0038
4021 Probable glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial EARS2 0.0038
4023 N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS 0.0038
1912 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3 0.0038
4024 Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 SLC25A18 0.0038
4016 Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7 0.0038
4019 Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6 0.0038
1047 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2 0.0038
664 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0038
3890 Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2 0.0038
915 Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 0.0038
922 Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4 0.0038
927 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8 0.0038
925 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4 0.0038
926 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 0.0038
924 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 GRIK3 0.0038
919 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4 GRIK4 0.0038
4020 Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP 0.0038
920 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 GRIK5 0.0038
4018 Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit GRID2 0.0038
4027 Glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit GRID1 0.0038
4017 5-oxoprolinase OPLAH 0.0038
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0037
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0036
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0036
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0034
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0034
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0034
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0034
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.0033
668 Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM 0.0033
3984 Probable glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial PET112L 0.0033
5 Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2 0.0033
917 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS 0.0033
355 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS 0.0033
4353 GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] guaA 0.0033
3991 Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1 0.0033
3982 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS 0.0033
5261 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase purL 0.0033
3881 Selenocysteine lyase variant Not Available 0.0033
3908 P-selectin cytoplasmic tail-associated protein pcap 0.0033
3891 Putative L-Dopa decarboxylase DDC 0.0033
3915 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 1 CSAD 0.0033
3883 Ornithine aminotransferase variant Not Available 0.0033
306 Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PDXP 0.0033
3880 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Not Available 0.0033
3911 Uncharacterized protein C20orf38 SPTLC3 0.0033
3906 Serine dehydratase-like SDSL 0.0033
3896 CDNA FLJ46802 fis, clone TRACH3032150, moderately similar to Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase GADL1 0.0033
3909 Hepatic peroxysomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase Not Available 0.0033
3893 DDC protein DDC 0.0033
3887 Phosphorylase PYGB 0.0033
3914 Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase homolog TLH6 0.0033
3910 O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase SEPSECS 0.0033
855 Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 SGPL1 0.0033
3903 Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 ALAS2 0.0033
3886 Migration-inducing protein 4 ALAS1 0.0033
3878 GAD1 protein GAD1 0.0033
3894 KIAA0251 protein PDXDC1 0.0033
3875 Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form PYGB 0.0033
3882 Brain glycogen phosphorylase variant Not Available 0.0033
3905 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase MOCOS 0.0033
274 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5 0.0032
830 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2 0.0032
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0032
450 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4 0.0031
534 Threonine synthase-like 1 THNSL1 0.0031
625 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1 0.0031
3899 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2 AGXT2L2 0.003
3874 Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein PROSC 0.003
184 L-serine dehydratase SDS 0.003
431 Serine racemase SRR 0.003
491 Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 SPTLC1 0.003
89 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase CSAD 0.003
727 Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 SPTLC2 0.003
382 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 GRIK1 0.003
499 Arginine decarboxylase ADC 0.003
575 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial GCAT 0.003
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.003
455 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial ALAS1 0.003
681 Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial GLDC 0.003
1671 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1 0.0029
3 Histidine decarboxylase HDC 0.0029
186 Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC 0.0029
169 Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial NFS1 0.0029
916 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 0.0028
51 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3 0.0028
435 Kynureninase KYNU 0.0028
4654 Kynureninase kynU 0.0028
617 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2 0.0028
3913 Glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 0.0028
472 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial OAT 0.0027
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0027
358 Cystathionine beta-synthase CBS 0.0027
201 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1 0.0027
923 Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3 0.0027
3884 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0027
3901 SHMT2 protein SHMT2 0.0027
3885 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686P09201 DKFZp686P09201 0.0027
3879 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Not Available 0.0027
321 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial SHMT2 0.0027
103 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1 0.0027
773 Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS 0.0027
83 Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS 0.0026
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0026
114 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial AGXT2 0.0026
505 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 GRIN2C 0.0026
242 Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS 0.0026
210 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EPRS 0.0026
868 Cystathionine gamma-lyase CTH 0.0025
203 Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase PNPO 0.0025
439 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 GRIN2D 0.0025
301 Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 CCBL1 0.0025
349 Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase AGXT 0.0024
591 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B GRIN3B 0.0024
367 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic SHMT1 0.0023
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0023
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0023
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0023
449 Ornithine decarboxylase ODC1 0.0023
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0023
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0023
837 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 GRIN2A 0.0022
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0022
10 Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form PYGL 0.002
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0019
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0018
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0018
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0016
1152 Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form PYGM 0.0015
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