Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Apomorphine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accession Number | DB00714 (APRD00531) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | small molecule | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. [PubChem] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Categories (*) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular Weight | 267.3224 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Groups | approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monoisotopic Weight | 267.125928793 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pharmacology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indication | For the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) associated with advanced Parkinson's disease. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mechanism of action | The precise mechanism of action of apomorphine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is believed to be due to stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2-type receptors within the brain. Apomorphine has been shown to improve motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. In particular, apomorphine attenuates the motor deficits induced by lesions in the ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in primates. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Absorption | 100% following subcutaneous administration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein binding | ~50%-albumin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biotransformation | Hepatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Route of elimination | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Toxicity | LD50=0.6 mmoles/kg (mice, intraperitoneal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Affected organisms |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drug Interactions |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food Interactions | Not Available |
D(3) dopamine receptor | |
---|---|
Name | D(3) dopamine receptor |
Gene Name | DRD3 |
Pharmacological action | yes |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.5882 |
D(4) dopamine receptor | |
Name | D(4) dopamine receptor |
Gene Name | DRD4 |
Pharmacological action | yes |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.5515 |
D(2) dopamine receptor | |
Name | D(2) dopamine receptor |
Gene Name | DRD2 |
Pharmacological action | yes |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.9148 |
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | |
Name | Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor |
Gene Name | ADRA2C |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.6325 |
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | |
Name | Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor |
Gene Name | ADRA2B |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.6457 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor |
Gene Name | HTR2C |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.6289 |
D(1B) dopamine receptor | |
Name | D(1B) dopamine receptor |
Gene Name | DRD5 |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References | |
DTHybrid score | 0.5158 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor |
Gene Name | HTR1A |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.7143 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor |
Gene Name | HTR2A |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.7878 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor |
Gene Name | HTR2B |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.489 |
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | |
Name | Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor |
Gene Name | ADRA2A |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.8066 |
D(1A) dopamine receptor | |
Name | D(1A) dopamine receptor |
Gene Name | DRD1 |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.7826 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor |
Gene Name | HTR1D |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.5865 |
5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor | |
Name | 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor |
Gene Name | HTR1B |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.5937 |
D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon | |
Name | D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon |
Gene Name | CALY |
Pharmacological action | unknown |
Actions | agonist |
References |
|
DTHybrid score | 0.1746 |