DT-Web

DB00761 - Potassium Chloride


Identification
Name Potassium Chloride
Accession Number DB00761 (APRD01322)
Type small molecule
Description A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 74.551
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 73.932559568
Pharmacology
Indication For use as an electrolyte replenisher and in the treatment of hypokalemia.
Mechanism of action Supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels.
Absorption Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine.
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and, under steady-state conditions, the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. Potassium depletion will occur whenever the rate of potassium loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of potassium intake.
Toxicity The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, of if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result. It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-wave, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Clidinium Anticholinergic agents such as clidinium may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of potassium chloride. Solid oral dosage forms of potassium chloride are contraindicated in patients with impaired gastric emptying (e.g., due to the effects of drugs such as many anticholinergics). Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride; liquid or effervescent potassium preparations are possible alternatives.
Telmisartan Potassium Chloride may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Telmisartan. Monitor serum potassium levels during concomitant use.
Tiotropium The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Tiotropium, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Tolterodine The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by the anticholinergic, Tolterodine. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trandolapril The potassium salt may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Trandolapril.
Trihexyphenidyl The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trihexyphenidyl, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trimethobenzamide The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trimethobenzamide, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trospium The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trospium, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Food Interactions
  • Take with a full glass of water Take after a full meal.

Targets


Solute carrier family 12 member 2
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 2
Gene Name SLC12A2
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Hebert SC: Bartter syndrome. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2003 Sep;12(5):527-32. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9221
Solute carrier family 12 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 1
Gene Name SLC12A1
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions binder
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Fujiwara TM, Bichet DG: Molecular biology of hereditary diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Oct;16(10):2836-46. Epub 2005 Aug 10. - Pubmed
  • Bichet DG: Hereditary polyuric disorders: new concepts and differential diagnosis. Semin Nephrol. 2006 May;26(3):224-33. - Pubmed
  • Pressler CA, Heinzinger J, Jeck N, Waldegger P, Pechmann U, Reinalter S, Konrad M, Beetz R, Seyberth HW, Waldegger S: Late-onset manifestation of antenatal Bartter syndrome as a result of residual function of the mutated renal Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Aug;17(8):2136-42. Epub 2006 Jun 28. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0584
Solute carrier family 12 member 5
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 5
Gene Name SLC12A5
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Takayama C, Inoue Y: Developmental localization of potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the Purkinje cells of embryonic mouse cerebellum. Neurosci Res. 2007 Feb;57(2):322-5. Epub 2006 Nov 28. - Pubmed
  • Tornberg J, Segerstrale M, Kulesskaya N, Voikar V, Taira T, Airaksinen MS: KCC2-deficient mice show reduced sensitivity to diazepam, but normal alcohol-induced motor impairment, gaboxadol-induced sedation, and neurosteroid-induced hypnosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Apr;32(4):911-8. Epub 2006 Aug 16. - Pubmed
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Takayama C, Inoue Y: Developmental localization of potassium chloride co-transporter 2 in granule cells of the early postnatal mouse cerebellum with special reference to the synapse formation. Neuroscience. 2006 Dec;143(3):757-67. Epub 2006 Sep 27. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.958
Solute carrier family 12 member 6
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 6
Gene Name SLC12A6
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0223
Solute carrier family 12 member 7
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 7
Gene Name SLC12A7
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0191
Solute carrier family 12 member 4
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 4
Gene Name SLC12A4
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions Not Available
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9603

Transporters


Solute carrier family 12 member 2
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 2
Gene Name SLC12A2
Actions substrate
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Hebert SC: Bartter syndrome. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2003 Sep;12(5):527-32. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9221
Solute carrier family 12 member 1
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 1
Gene Name SLC12A1
Actions substrate
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Fujiwara TM, Bichet DG: Molecular biology of hereditary diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Oct;16(10):2836-46. Epub 2005 Aug 10. - Pubmed
  • Bichet DG: Hereditary polyuric disorders: new concepts and differential diagnosis. Semin Nephrol. 2006 May;26(3):224-33. - Pubmed
  • Pressler CA, Heinzinger J, Jeck N, Waldegger P, Pechmann U, Reinalter S, Konrad M, Beetz R, Seyberth HW, Waldegger S: Late-onset manifestation of antenatal Bartter syndrome as a result of residual function of the mutated renal Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Aug;17(8):2136-42. Epub 2006 Jun 28. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0584
Solute carrier family 12 member 5
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 5
Gene Name SLC12A5
Actions substrate
References
  • Takayama C, Inoue Y: Developmental localization of potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the Purkinje cells of embryonic mouse cerebellum. Neurosci Res. 2007 Feb;57(2):322-5. Epub 2006 Nov 28. - Pubmed
  • Tornberg J, Segerstrale M, Kulesskaya N, Voikar V, Taira T, Airaksinen MS: KCC2-deficient mice show reduced sensitivity to diazepam, but normal alcohol-induced motor impairment, gaboxadol-induced sedation, and neurosteroid-induced hypnosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Apr;32(4):911-8. Epub 2006 Aug 16. - Pubmed
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Takayama C, Inoue Y: Developmental localization of potassium chloride co-transporter 2 in granule cells of the early postnatal mouse cerebellum with special reference to the synapse formation. Neuroscience. 2006 Dec;143(3):757-67. Epub 2006 Sep 27. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.958
Solute carrier family 12 member 6
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 6
Gene Name SLC12A6
Actions substrate
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0223
Solute carrier family 12 member 7
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 7
Gene Name SLC12A7
Actions substrate
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.0191
Solute carrier family 12 member 4
Name Solute carrier family 12 member 4
Gene Name SLC12A4
Actions substrate
References
  • Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC, Warwar R, Brown TL, Lauf PK: KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts. Exp Eye Res. 2006 Nov;83(5):1287-94. Epub 2006 Sep 1. - Pubmed
  • Capo-Aponte JE, Wang Z, Bildin VN, Iserovich P, Pan Z, Zhang F, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS: Functional and molecular characterization of multiple K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1090-103. Epub 2007 Feb 16. - Pubmed
  • Klein T, Cooper TG, Yeung CH: The role of potassium chloride cotransporters in murine and human sperm volume regulation. Biol Reprod. 2006 Dec;75(6):853-8. Epub 2006 Aug 30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.9603

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.1164
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.1129
357 Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2 0.0917
466 Solute carrier family 12 member 3 SLC12A3 0.0873
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0864
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0804
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0756
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0719
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0691
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0666
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0653
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0539
592 Carbonic anhydrase 4 CA4 0.0493
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.044
3932 Glutathione S-transferase A2 GSTA2 0.0201
1405 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT 0.0178
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0171
3007 Carbonic anhydrase 12 CA12 0.0147
4205 Carbonic anhydrase 9 CA9 0.0147
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0125
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0122
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0106
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0103
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0098
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0094
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0088
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0067
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0062
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