DB00028 - Intravenous Immunoglobulin
| Identification | |
|---|---|
| Name | Intravenous Immunoglobulin |
| Accession Number | DB00028 (BIOD00091, BTD00091) |
| Type | biotech |
| Description | Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a mixture of IgG1 and other antibodies derived from healthy human plasma via Cohn fractionation. The purification process includes cold alcohol fractionation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography. IVIg contains the same distribution of IgG antibody subclasses as is found in the general human population. IgG subclasses are fully represented in the following proportions: 70.3% IgG1, 24.7% IgG2, 3.1% IgG3, and 1.9% IgG4. IVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. |
| Structure |
|
| Categories (*) | |
| Molecular Weight | 142682.3000 |
| Groups | approved |
| Monoisotopic Weight | Not Available |
| Pharmacology | |
| Indication | IVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These indications includes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease, hypogammaglobulinemia, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow transplant complications, Guillain-Barr? syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, myesthenia gravis, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and inflammatory skin diseases. |
| Mechanism of action | IVIg interacts with a number of different components of the immune system, including cytokines, complement, Fc receptors and several cell surface immunocompetent molecules. IVIg also impacts different effector cells of the immune system (B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.) and regulates a wide range of genes. Its main mechanism of actions are believed to be Fc-dependent and F(ab')2-dependent. IVIg competitively blocks gamma Fc receptors, preventing the binding and ingestion of phagocytes and suppressing platelet depletion. IVIg contains a number of different antobodies, which prevent infection by attaching to the surface of invading pathogens and aiding in their disposal before they can infect cells. Antibodies remove pathogens via complement activation, agglutination or precipitation, pathogen receptor blocking, macrophage "tagging" or neutralization (via binding) of pathogen toxins. Intact IVIg and F(ab?)2 fragments of IVIg can also neutralize the activity of various autoantibodies. By triggering the production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IVIg modulates of the production of cytokines and cytokine antagonists. It also prevents the generation of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex and subsequent complement-mediated tissue damage by binding active complement components. |
| Absorption | Not Available |
| Protein binding | Not Available |
| Biotransformation | Not Available |
| Route of elimination | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Not Available |
| Affected organisms |
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| Interactions | |
| Drug Interactions | Not Available |
| Food Interactions | Not Available |
Targets
| High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I | |
|---|---|
| Name | High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I |
| Gene Name | FCGR1A |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.1297 |
| High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor IB | |
| Name | High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor IB |
| Gene Name | FCGR1B |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | Not Available |
| Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a | |
| Name | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a |
| Gene Name | FCGR2A |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0416 |
| Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b | |
| Name | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b |
| Gene Name | FCGR2B |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0426 |
| Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c | |
| Name | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c |
| Gene Name | FCGR2C |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0472 |
| Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A | |
| Name | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A |
| Gene Name | FCGR3A |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0329 |
| Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B | |
| Name | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B |
| Gene Name | FCGR3B |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | antagonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0332 |
| Complement C3 | |
| Name | Complement C3 |
| Gene Name | C3 |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | binder |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 0.4594 |
| Complement C4-A | |
| Name | Complement C4-A |
| Gene Name | C4A |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | binder |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | Not Available |
| Complement C4-B | |
| Name | Complement C4-B |
| Gene Name | C4B |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | binder |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | Not Available |
| Complement C5 | |
| Name | Complement C5 |
| Gene Name | C5 |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | binder |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.3347 |