DT-Web

DB05260 - Gallium nitrate


Identification
Name Gallium nitrate
Accession Number DB05260
Type small molecule
Description Gallium nitrate is a drug that is used to treat hyper-calcemia, or too much calcium in the blood. This condition may occur when individuals develop various types of cancer. Gallium nitrate is also known by the common brand name Ganite.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 255.738
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 254.889034525
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of hypercalcemia. Also intended for the treatment of non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
Mechanism of action Gallium nitrate is believed to exert a hypocalcemic effect by inhibiting calcium resorption from bone. Gallium nitrate localizes preferentially where bone resorption and remodeling is occurring, and inhibits osteoclast activity. Inhibition of resorption may occur via a reduction in increased bone turnover. It seems to enhance hydroxyapatite function, inhibit osteocalcin, and inhibit the vacuolar ATPase on the osteoclast ruffled membrane. All these aid in the reduction of bone resorption.
Absorption Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Biotransformation Not Available
Route of elimination Gallium nitrate is not metabolized either by the liver or the kidney and appears to be significantly excreted via the kidney.
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Vancomycin Additive nephrotoxic effects may occur. Avoid concomitant therapy.
Food Interactions Not Available

Targets


Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit
Name Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit
Gene Name RRM2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. - Pubmed
  • Narasimhan J, Antholine WE, Chitambar CR: Effect of gallium on the tyrosyl radical of the iron-dependent M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 15;44(12):2403-8. - Pubmed
  • Straus DJ: Gallium nitrate in the treatment of lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):25-33. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6924
V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform
Name V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform
Gene Name ATP6V1B2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Bockman R: The effects of gallium nitrate on bone resorption. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):5-12. - Pubmed
  • Mattsson JP, Skyman C, Palokangas H, Vaananen KH, Keeling DJ: Characterization and cellular distribution of the osteoclast ruffled membrane vacuolar H+-ATPase B-subunit using isoform-specific antibodies. J Bone Miner Res. 1997 May;12(5):753-60. - Pubmed
  • Jakupec MA, Keppler BK: Gallium and other main group metal compounds as antitumor agents. Met Ions Biol Syst. 2004;42:425-62. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2326
Osteocalcin
Name Osteocalcin
Gene Name BGLAP
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Jenis LG, Waud CE, Stein GS, Lian JB, Baran DT: Effect of gallium nitrate in vitro and in normal rats. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jul;52(3):330-6. - Pubmed
  • Guidon PT Jr, Salvatori R, Bockman RS: Gallium nitrate regulates rat osteoblast expression of osteocalcin protein and mRNA levels. J Bone Miner Res. 1993 Jan;8(1):103-12. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8601
Hydroxyapatite
Name Hydroxyapatite
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action yes
Actions modulator
References
  • Bockman R: The effects of gallium nitrate on bone resorption. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):5-12. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase
Name Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase
Gene Name PPI
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. - Pubmed
  • Berggren MM, Burns LA, Abraham RT, Powis G: Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase by the antitumor agent gallium nitrate. Cancer Res. 1993 Apr 15;53(8):1862-6. - Pubmed
  • Straus DJ: Gallium nitrate in the treatment of lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):25-33. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8589
Interleukin-1 beta
Name Interleukin-1 beta
Gene Name IL1B
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions antagonist
References
  • Eby G: Elimination of arthritis pain and inflammation for over 2 years with a single 90 min, topical 14% gallium nitrate treatment: case reports and review of actions of gallium III. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(6):1136-41. Epub 2005 Aug 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.6053
Transferrin Receptor Protein
Name Transferrin Receptor Protein
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions agonist
References
  • Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available

Carriers


Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
599 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH 0.3253
4426 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.3253
4454 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.3253
4489 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap 0.3253
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.1735
806 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain ATP1A1 0.119
443 Ferritin heavy chain FTH1 0.1124
95 Ferritin light chain FTL 0.088
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0777
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0656
6108 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B RRM2B 0.0619
693 Hemoglobin subunit beta HBB 0.0604
144 Hemoglobin subunit alpha HBA1 0.0582
6111 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 4 POLE4 0.0556
6112 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3 POLE3 0.0556
6110 DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 POLE2 0.0555
6109 DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A POLE 0.0554
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0554
603 DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit POLA1 0.0407
360 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit RRM1 0.0365
6171 Solute carrier family 28 member 3 SLC28A3 0.0353
277 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase PNP 0.0331
2870 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0331
2945 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase punA 0.0331
4659 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TM_1596 0.0331
4825 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase TTHA1435 0.0331
4773 Deoxycytidine kinase DCK 0.0312
494 Caspase-1 CASP1 0.0296
1507 Cytochrome c CYCS 0.0269
22 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0266
6714 30S ribosomal protein S4 rpsD 0.0266
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0251
140 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0251
6719 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0251
6725 30S ribosomal protein S9 rpsI 0.0251
2077 Caspase-3 CASP3 0.0248
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0242
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0213
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0212
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0212
4081 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 VKORC1L1 0.0207
604 Vitamin K-dependent protein Z PROZ 0.0206
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0195
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0191
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.019
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0176
1245 Vitamin K-dependent protein S PROS1 0.0176
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0174
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0172
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0151
369 Coagulation factor VII F7 0.0144
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0138
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.013
787 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 VKORC1 0.0127
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0121
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0116
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0107
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.01
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0078
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0073
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.007
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0061
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