DT-Web

DB00833 - Cefaclor


Identification
Name Cefaclor
Accession Number DB00833 (APRD00243)
Type small molecule
Description Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of cephalexin. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 367.807
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 367.039354348
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections.
Mechanism of action Cefaclor, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. It is possible that cefaclor interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Absorption Well absorbed after oral administration, independent of food intake.
Protein binding 23.5%
Biotransformation No appreciable biotransformation in liver (approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours).
Route of elimination Approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours, the greater portion being excreted within the first 2 hours.
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, and vomiting.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Probenecid Probenecid may increase the serum level of cefaclor.
Food Interactions
  • Preferably on an empty stomach, not really problematic.

Targets


Penicillin-binding protein 3
Name Penicillin-binding protein 3
Gene Name pbp3
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chambers HF, Miick C: Characterization of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Staphylococcus aureus: deacylation reaction and identification of two penicillin-binding peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Mar;36(3):656-61. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.0083
Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B
Name Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B
Gene Name pbpA
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Chambers HF, Miick C: Characterization of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Staphylococcus aureus: deacylation reaction and identification of two penicillin-binding peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Mar;36(3):656-61. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8545

Enzymes


Myeloperoxidase
Name Myeloperoxidase
Gene Name MPO
Actions inducer
References
  • Zuccotti G, Dauria E, Torcoletti M, Lodi F, Bernardo L, Riva E: Clinical and pro-host effects of cefaclor in prophylaxis of recurrent otitis media in HIV-infected children. J Int Med Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;29(4):349-54. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.3405

Transporters


Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Gene Name SLC15A1
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Han HK, Rhie JK, Oh DM, Saito G, Hsu CP, Stewart BH, Amidon GL: CHO/hPEPT1 cells overexpressing the human peptide transporter (hPEPT1) as an alternative in vitro model for peptidomimetic drugs. J Pharm Sci. 1999 Mar;88(3):347-50. - Pubmed
  • Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. - Pubmed
  • Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5837
Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Gene Name SLC15A2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. - Pubmed
  • Li, M. et al. Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 34, 547-555 (2006). - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5773

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.1747
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.1199
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.1102
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0772
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0772
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0522
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0413
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0413
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0391
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0389
6067 Penicillin binding protein 2a mecA 0.0376
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.036
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.036
1385 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 0.035
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0346
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0314
1736 Somatostatin SST 0.0311
4186 Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 NPY2R 0.0311
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.031
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0309
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0309
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0293
6113 MecA PBP2' (penicillin binding protein 2') mecA 0.0264
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0251
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0249
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0249
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0249
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0246
3997 Cytochrome P450 24A1, mitochondrial CYP24A1 0.0239
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0238
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0238
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0235
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0235
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
4252 Penicillin-binding protein 5 dacA 0.0234
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.023
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0221
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0215
503 Somatostatin receptor type 1 SSTR1 0.0214
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0212
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.021
3866 Serum amyloid A protein SAA1 0.0209
1932 Apolipoprotein E APOE 0.0208
1200 AMBP protein AMBP 0.0208
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0207
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0203
61 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
2644 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
2710 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
3872 Somatostatin receptor type 5 SSTR5 0.02
6008 Somatostatin receptor type 2 SSTR2 0.02
2544 Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase Not Available 0.0198
856 Vitamin D3 receptor VDR 0.0189
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0188
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0169
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0167
2385 Penicillin acylase Not Available 0.0166
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0164
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0155
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0155
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0155
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0154
3060 Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase LTA4H 0.0149
819 Penicillin-binding protein 4 dacB 0.0148
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0133
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0133
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0133
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0133
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0133
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0132
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0132
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.013
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0125
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0121
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0121
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0119
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0119
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0116
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0111
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0107
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0105
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0104
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0099
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0099
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0098
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0096
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0094
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0092
3760 Penicillin-binding protein 5 precursor dacA 0.0091
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0091
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0091
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.009
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0089
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0089
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0089
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0089
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0088
6184 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dacC dacC 0.0088
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0087
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0087
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0087
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0087
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0087
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0084
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0084
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0083
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0083
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0083
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0083
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0081
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.008
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.008
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.008
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0078
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0075
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0071
1141 Sialidase-1 NEU1 0.0068
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0067
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0067
3601 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0065
3807 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0065
3808 Dihydropteroate synthase 2 folP2 0.0065
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0063
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.0062
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.006
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.006
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0059
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0059
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.0059
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0058
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0058
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0058
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0057
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0057
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0057
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0056
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0056
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.0055
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.0055
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0053
5482 Sialidase-2 NEU2 0.0052
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.005
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0049
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0048
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0047
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0046
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0045
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0045
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0045
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0044
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0042
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0041
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0039
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0038
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0035
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0034
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0033
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0032
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.003
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0029
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0029
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0029
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0027
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0026
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0026
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0026
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0024
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0024
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0024
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0023
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0023
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0022
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0022
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0022
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.002
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.002
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0018
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0017
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0017
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0015
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0014
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0014
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0014
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