DT-Web

DB00572 - Atropine


Identification
Name Atropine
Accession Number DB00572 (APRD00807, EXPT02427)
Type small molecule
Description An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly solanaceae. [PubChem]
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 289.3694
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 289.167793607
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorous nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorous or carbamate insecticides.
Mechanism of action Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, producing a wide range of anticholinergic effects.
Absorption Atropine is rapidly and well absorbed after intramuscular administration. Atropine disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the various body tissues and fluids.
Protein binding The protein binding of atropine is 14 to 22% in plasma.
Biotransformation Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver. From 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Route of elimination Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver; from 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Toxicity Oral, mouse: LD50 = 75 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose includes widespread paralysis of parasympathetically innervated organs. Dry mucous membranes, widely dilated and nonresponsive pupils, tachycardia, fever and cutaneous flush are especially prominent, as are mental and neurological symptoms. In instances of severe intoxication, respiratory depression, coma, circulatory collapse and death may occur.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Cinitapride Anticholinergic agents like atropine may reduce the action of cinitapride.
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Haloperidol The anticholinergic increases the risk of psychosis and tardive dyskinesia
Tacrine The therapeutic effects of the central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Tacrine, and/or the anticholinergic, Atropine, may be reduced due to antagonism. The interaction may be beneficial when the anticholinergic action is a side effect. Monitor for decreased efficacy of both agents.
Trimethobenzamide Trimethobenzamide and Atropine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Triprolidine Triprolidine and Atropine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Trospium Trospium and Atropine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhanced adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food.
  • Avoid alcohol.

Targets


Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Name Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Gene Name CHRM1
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. - Pubmed
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8665
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Name Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Gene Name CHRM2
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Roman S, Badia A, Camps P, Munoz-Torrero D, Clos MV: Nicotinic-receptor potentiator drugs, huprine X and galantamine, increase ACh release by blocking AChE activity but not acting on nicotinic receptors. Brain Res. 2005 Nov 9;1061(2):73-9. Epub 2005 Oct 24. - Pubmed
  • Minaba M, Ichiyama S, Kojima K, Ozaki M, Kato Y: Activation of nematode G protein GOA-1 by the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 subtype. Functional coupling of G-protein-coupled receptor and G protein originated from evolutionarily distant animals. FEBS J. 2006 Dec;273(24):5508-16. Epub 2006 Nov 3. - Pubmed
  • May LT, Lin Y, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Regulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and signaling by prolonged exposure to allosteric modulators. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):382-90. Epub 2004 Aug 27. - Pubmed
  • Cembala TM, Forde SC, Appadu BL, Lambert DG: Allosteric interaction of the neuromuscular blockers vecuronium and pancuronium with recombinant human muscarinic M2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Aug 13;569(1-2):37-40. Epub 2007 May 22. - Pubmed
  • Nelson CP, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA: Constitutive activity and inverse agonism at the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jan;316(1):279-88. Epub 2005 Sep 27. - Pubmed
  • Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7582
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Name Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Gene Name CHRM3
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. - Pubmed
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.7616
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
Name Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
Gene Name CHRM4
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. - Pubmed
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5427
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
Name Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
Gene Name CHRM5
Pharmacological action yes
Actions antagonist
References
  • Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. - Pubmed
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.4425

Enzymes


Cytochrome P450 1A2
Name Cytochrome P450 1A2
Gene Name CYP1A2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.2603

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.1835
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.1758
492 Histamine H1 receptor HRH1 0.1561
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.1101
502 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor HTR2A 0.1091
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.1003
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.097
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.0929
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0837
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0835
813 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 CHRNA2 0.0766
590 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor HTR2C 0.0765
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0718
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.0686
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0659
789 Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor ADRA1D 0.059
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0585
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0578
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0563
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0539
824 Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 0.0511
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.051
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0509
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0492
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0443
320 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor HTR1A 0.0427
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0422
629 Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B 0.0371
378 Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C 0.0362
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0345
341 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor HTR3A 0.033
5718 Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6 0.0327
2129 Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal SI 0.0317
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0307
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0307
885 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor HTR1B 0.0296
528 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor HTR1E 0.029
725 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor HTR1D 0.0287
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0283
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0282
1256 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor HTR6 0.0278
436 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor HTR2B 0.0272
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0264
36 Insulin receptor INSR 0.0258
716 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor HTR7 0.0257
6098 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 KCND2 0.0236
6099 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 KCND3 0.0236
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.023
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0204
124 Histamine H2 receptor HRH2 0.0181
5878 Alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit CHRFAM7A 0.018
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0178
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0171
220 Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha SCN5A 0.0169
6432 Transporter snf 0.0148
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.0147
458 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10 CHRNA10 0.0145
6104 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 FMO1 0.0139
706 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A GRIN3A 0.0137
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0135
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.013
477 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0127
886 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0127
6226 DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A parC 0.0127
404 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0125
6224 DNA gyrase subunit A gyrA 0.0125
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.0124
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0124
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0121
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.012
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0117
193 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 0.0106
4115 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D CACNA1D 0.0104
1656 CYP2B protein CYP2B 0.0103
478 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C CACNA1C 0.0102
1360 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase SMPD1 0.0098
958 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF1R 0.0097
817 DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A 0.0096
474 Acetylcholinesterase ACHE 0.0095
4110 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2 0.0092
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.009
198 Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha SCN10A 0.009
766 Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2 0.0089
762 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 CACNA2D1 0.0088
6100 BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor NTRK2 0.0087
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0086
6047 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A PDE1A 0.0086
485 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A PDE3A 0.0083
5692 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B PDE1B 0.0081
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0078
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0078
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0076
1618 High affinity nerve growth factor receptor NTRK1 0.0071
696 Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1 0.0071
467 Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1 0.0069
1086 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 KCNQ2 0.0068
734 D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon CALY 0.0068
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.0067
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0066
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0066
101 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 KCNH2 0.0066
16 Adenosine A1 receptor ADORA1 0.0066
6025 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 UGT1A4 0.0063
858 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1 0.0062
94 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor HTR4 0.0062
164 Histamine H4 receptor HRH4 0.006
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.0055
1178 Adenosine A2a receptor ADORA2A 0.0053
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0052
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0052
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0049
6017 Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial CYP11A1 0.0049
805 Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial CYP11B1 0.0048
872 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 GABRA1 0.0046
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0045
380 Cytochrome P450 17A1 CYP17A1 0.0045
6220 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AHR 0.0045
215 Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha SCN11A 0.0045
777 Tumor necrosis factor TNF 0.0044
714 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial GSR 0.0042
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0041
4111 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S CACNA1S 0.004
385 Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 ATP4A 0.0039
605 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0038
2709 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit SO_0970 0.0038
3673 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit fccA 0.0038
4912 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit ifcA 0.0038
6549 Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit frdA 0.0038
6023 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial CYP11B2 0.0038
6182 Cytochrome P450 2J2 CYP2J2 0.0037
511 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor HTR1F 0.0037
5998 Toll-like receptor 8 TLR8 0.0035
273 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 BCL2 0.0034
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0034
565 Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CASR 0.0034
712 Tubulin alpha chain TUB1 0.0034
161 Tubulin beta chain TUBB 0.0034
312 Tubulin beta chain TUB2 0.0034
6014 Cytochrome P450 2A13 CYP2A13 0.0034
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0034
541 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B PDE4B 0.0033
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0033
4122 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2 0.0033
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0033
613 Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A NPR1 0.0033
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0032
847 Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 0.0032
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0031
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0031
818 50S ribosomal protein L10 rplJ 0.003
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.003
259 Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit MTTP 0.003
173 Toll-like receptor 7 TLR7 0.003
117 Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 SOAT1 0.003
580 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 GABRA3 0.0029
423 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 GABRA2 0.0029
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0029
992 Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta PTK2B 0.0028
147 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH2 0.0028
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0028
787 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 VKORC1 0.0028
964 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H CACNA1H 0.0028
6044 Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 PON3 0.0028
1971 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A PDE4A 0.0027
3849 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 IGFBP7 0.0027
2009 Protein NOV homolog NOV 0.0027
3847 Neuroendocrine convertase 2 PCSK2 0.0027
1949 Carboxypeptidase E CPE 0.0027
3850 Synaptotagmin-like protein 4 SYTL4 0.0027
3848 Neuroendocrine convertase 1 PCSK1 0.0027
3846 Retinoblastoma-associated protein RB1 0.0027
6032 PROBABLE FATTY ACID SYNTHASE FAS (FATTY ACID SYNTHETASE) fas 0.0026
790 DNA polymerase subunit alpha B POLA2 0.0026
5880 Thrombopoietin receptor MPL 0.0025
1517 Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3 0.0024
6070 Nischarin NISCH 0.0024
523 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GABRA5 0.0023
550 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit delta SCNN1D 0.0023
27 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta SCNN1B 0.0023
552 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma SCNN1G 0.0023
213 Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha SCNN1A 0.0023
3957 Adenosine deaminase ADA 0.0023
6148 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 ABCC10 0.0023
841 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 GABRA6 0.0023
530 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 GABRA4 0.0023
4113 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F CACNA1F 0.0022
15 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I CACNA1I 0.0022
6068 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 GUCY1A2 0.0022
26 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 FLT4 0.0022
2155 Insulin-degrading enzyme IDE 0.0022
731 HIV-1 protease HIV-1 protease 0.0021
1638 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 SLC2A2 0.0021
1284 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2 0.0021
260 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0021
761 Cytochrome P450 51 ERG11 0.0021
3163 Cytochrome P450 51 cyp51 0.0021
1244 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 LRP2 0.0021
535 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G CACNA1G 0.0021
32 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 FLT1 0.0021
869 Estrogen receptor beta ESR2 0.0021
871 Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 0.0021
6206 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' rpoC 0.002
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.002
1820 Beta-nerve growth factor NGF 0.002
4228 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7 KRT7 0.002
4095 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 CHRNA7 0.002
947 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 CHRNA4 0.002
228 Beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRB 0.0019
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0019
73 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype PTGER1 0.0019
284 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.0019
5773 DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain rpoB 0.0019
512 DNA-directed RNA polymerase alpha chain rpoA 0.0019
5772 DNA-directed RNA polymerase alpha chain rpoA 0.0019
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.0019
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.0018
33 Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11 0.0018
6766 O-GlcNAcase BT_4395 BT_4395 0.0018
504 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT 0.0018
1648 Elastin ELN 0.0017
6040 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating PGD 0.0017
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0017
918 Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2 GRIK2 0.0017
407 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 KDR 0.0017
1830 5'-nucleotidase NT5E 0.0016
390 Adenosine A3 receptor ADORA3 0.0016
204 cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase PDE5A 0.0016
1243 Cathepsin D CTSD 0.0016
1010 Cytochrome P450 51A1 CYP51A1 0.0016
373 Transthyretin TTR 0.0016
610 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 KCNMA1 0.0016
427 Substance-P receptor TACR1 0.0016
698 B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF 0.0016
921 Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2 0.0015
6045 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 CACNA2D3 0.0015
462 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 KCNN4 0.0015
6031 Cytochrome P450 3A43 CYP3A43 0.0015
6177 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 UGT1A10 0.0015
70 Type-1 angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 0.0015
2499 Tubulin beta-2C chain TUBB2C 0.0015
3844 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain HLA-DQA2 0.0015
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0014
6164 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 POU5F1 0.0014
620 Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Not Available 0.0014
2091 Endoplasmin HSP90B1 0.0014
6859 Protein S100-A4 S100A4 0.0014
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0014
2449 Tubulin alpha-3 chain TUBA1A 0.0014
80 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPARA 0.0013
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0013
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0013
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0013
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0013
844 Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR 0.0013
756 Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG 0.0013
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0013
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0013
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0013
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0013
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0013
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0013
5626 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B NME2 0.0013
424 Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial DHODH 0.0013
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0013
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0012
4311 tRNA TRDMT1 0.0012
4325 tRNA trmD 0.0012
4328 tRNA trmD 0.0012
6158 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO1C1 0.0012
518 Peroxidase/catalase T katG 0.0012
1629 Transcription factor AP-1 JUN 0.0012
1787 Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit NFKB1 0.0012
482 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1 0.0011
828 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase PAH 0.0011
3109 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase phhA 0.0011
4238 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0011
5578 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0011
6173 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0011
6219 50S ribosomal protein L4 rplD 0.0011
6043 Putative G-protein coupled receptor 44 GPR44 0.0011
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0011
6079 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3 0.0011
4192 DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B 0.0011
950 Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor PDGFRA 0.001
634 Squalene monooxygenase SQLE 0.001
7196 Squalene monooxygenase ERG1 0.001
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.001
4237 50S ribosomal protein L22 rplV 0.001
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.001
1714 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK3 0.001
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.001
564 Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 CRABP1 0.001
5294 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A NME1 0.001
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.001
1192 Sulfotransferase 1A1 SULT1A1 0.001
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.001
778 Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CYSLTR1 0.001
859 Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 CRABP2 0.001
522 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 PSMD2 0.001
515 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 PSMD1 0.001
1457 Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 ACSL4 0.001
823 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 FGFR2 0.001
1561 Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles TNNC1 0.001
1939 Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha HSP90AA1 0.001
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0009
780 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma RXRG 0.0009
229 Retinoic acid receptor beta RARB 0.0009
730 Retinoic acid receptor alpha RARA 0.0009
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0009
4100 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 GABRB2 0.0009
6179 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 UGT2B17 0.0009
365 Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR 0.0009
2381 Dihydrofolate reductase DFR1 0.0009
2833 Dihydrofolate reductase Not Available 0.0009
2931 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0009
3544 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0009
3682 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0009
6642 Dihydrofolate reductase folA 0.0009
6756 Dihydrofolate reductase dfrA 0.0009
3804 Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha SCN4A 0.0009
4099 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 GABRB3 0.0009
1502 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta PPARD 0.0009
459 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA 0.0008
88 Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta RXRB 0.0008
2236 Casein kinase II subunit alpha CSNK2A1 0.0008
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0008
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0008
162 Retinoic acid receptor gamma-1 RARG 0.0008
6167 Organic solute transporter subunit beta OSTB 0.0008
6166 Organic solute transporter subunit alpha OSTA 0.0008
6181 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 UGT1A8 0.0008
146 Androgen receptor AR 0.0008
17 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 ABL1 0.0008
368 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] inhA 0.0008
3228 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0008
3678 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0008
6856 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] fabI 0.0008
4114 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 CACNB3 0.0008
4112 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 CACNB4 0.0008
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.0008
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.0008
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.0008
811 Translocator protein TSPO 0.0008
3856 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 FGFR3 0.0008
976 Platelet glycoprotein IX GP9 0.0008
1374 Natriuretic peptides B NPPB 0.0008
1827 Gap junction alpha-1 protein GJA1 0.0008
1908 Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 VCAM1 0.0008
400 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0008
5461 Coagulation factor IX F9 0.0008
4103 Proteasome subunit beta type 2 PSMB2 0.0007
4102 Proteasome subunit beta type 5 PSMB5 0.0007
4101 Proteasome subunit beta type 1 PSMB1 0.0007
1063 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B STAT5B 0.0007
935 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Yes YES1 0.0007
4226 Uridine phosphorylase 2 UPP2 0.0007
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0007
3970 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B 0.0007
2450 Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK ITK 0.0007
814 Ryanodine receptor 1 RYR1 0.0007
822 Aldose reductase AKR1B1 0.0007
333 Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 CACNB1 0.0007
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.0007
4081 Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 VKORC1L1 0.0007
604 Vitamin K-dependent protein Z PROZ 0.0007
6228 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 NCOA1 0.0007
6241 Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 NCOA2 0.0007
6046 Voltage-gated calcium channel beta 1 subunit splice variant CavB1d CACNB1 0.0007
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0007
251 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A ADH1A 0.0007
4160 Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 CACNA2D2 0.0007
4225 Uridine phosphorylase 1 UPP1 0.0007
705 Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1 0.0007
241 Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 ATP2C1 0.0007
6141 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A1 0.0007
934 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn FYN 0.0006
194 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 NDUFC2 0.0006
820 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2 0.0006
268 Adenosine A2b receptor ADORA2B 0.0006
1995 Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha SCN9A 0.0006
1245 Vitamin K-dependent protein S PROS1 0.0006
413 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase PPAT 0.0006
2515 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0006
3714 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase purF 0.0006
422 Vitamin K-dependent protein C PROC 0.0006
537 ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial ATP5D 0.0006
936 Ephrin type-A receptor 2 EPHA2 0.0006
6091 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta GABRQ 0.0006
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0006
484 Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 ABL2 0.0006
559 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 MT-ND1 0.0006
444 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ADH1B 0.0006
6152 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 SLCO2A1 0.0006
464 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 GRIN2B 0.0006
5251 Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 CBR1 0.0006
183 Vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGFA 0.0006
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0006
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0006
6086 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 GABRG2 0.0006
448 Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX 0.0006
1864 RET proto-oncogene RET 0.0006
6090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi GABRP 0.0006
6092 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 GABRR2 0.0006
6088 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 GABRG3 0.0006
6115 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 GABRR3 0.0006
1950 Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 DDR1 0.0006
6094 BCR/ABL fusion protein isoform X9 BCR/ABL fusion 0.0006
6170 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 ABCA3 0.0006
6093 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta GABRD 0.0006
6087 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 GABRG1 0.0006
6089 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABRE 0.0006
142 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1 GABRR1 0.0006
4098 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1 GABRB1 0.0005
1275 Estrogen sulfotransferase SULT1E1 0.0005
3802 Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha SCN2A 0.0005
6933 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 KCNMB4 0.0005
6932 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 KCNMB3 0.0005
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0005
6931 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 KCNMB1 0.0005
6936 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 KCNN3 0.0005
6934 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 KCNN1 0.0005
6935 Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 KCNN2 0.0005
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0005
3639 Thymidine phosphorylase deoA 0.0005
3936 Thymidine phosphorylase TYMP 0.0005
760 Fibroblast growth factor 1 FGF1 0.0005
517 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C ADH1C 0.0005
798 Osteocalcin BGLAP 0.0005
5934 Cytochrome P450 26A1 CYP26A1 0.0005
1050 Bile salt sulfotransferase SULT2A1 0.0005
751 Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 KCNK6 0.0005
1039 Histone deacetylase 9 HDAC9 0.0005
4120 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase POR 0.0005
1302 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] DPYD 0.0005
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0005
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0005
937 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK LCK 0.0005
6002 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype PTGER4 0.0005
369 Coagulation factor VII F7 0.0005
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0005
3937 Fatty-acid amide hydrolase FAAH 0.0005
2222 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 SLC29A1 0.0005
5463 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta 2 KCNMB2 0.0005
172 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 KCNK1 0.0005
40 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase RAF1 0.0004
6149 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 SLC22A10 0.0004
165 FL cytokine receptor FLT3 0.0004
4131 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3 subtype PTGER3 0.0004
951 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor CSF1R 0.0004
182 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, mitochondrial OGDH 0.0004
406 Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 subtype PTGER2 0.0004
630 Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ACADSB 0.0004
4177 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ret RET 0.0004
24 Thymidylate synthase TMP1 0.0004
359 Thymidylate synthase TYMS 0.0004
2626 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0004
2729 Thymidylate synthase thyA 0.0004
5352 Thymidylate synthase THYA 0.0004
389 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal ACCN2 0.0004
6082 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 CHRNB3 0.0004
6080 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 CHRNA5 0.0004
948 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 CHRNB2 0.0004
4162 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3 0.0004
3854 Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGFR1 0.0004
6081 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 CHRNA6 0.0004
514 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 KCNH6 0.0004
772 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 KCNH7 0.0004
4097 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9 0.0004
170 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ALDH5A1 0.0004
933 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src SRC 0.0004
737 Mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 0.0004
6155 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11 ABCC11 0.0004
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0004
295 Carbonic anhydrase 1 CA1 0.0004
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0004
6078 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 CHRNB4 0.0004
614 Progesterone receptor PGR 0.0003
280 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT 0.0003
6085 Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal FABP2 0.0003
2981 Phospholipase A2, membrane associated PLA2G2A 0.0003
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0003
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0003
7 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible NOS2 0.0003
392 Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A CACNA1A 0.0003
291 Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial NOS3 0.0003
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.0002
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