DT-Web

DB00847 - Cysteamine


Identification
Name Cysteamine
Accession Number DB00847 (APRD00896)
Type small molecule
Description Cysteamine is a radiation-protective agent that oxidizes in air to form cystamine. It can be given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness. The bitartrate and hydrochloride salt forms are indicated for the treatment of neuropathic cystinosis in patients 6 years old and older. [PubChem]. Cysteamine is marketed under several brand names such as Cystaran(TM), Procysbi, and Cystagon(R).
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 77.149
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 77.029919919
Pharmacology
Indication Given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness. The bitartrate salts (Cystagon(R) and Procysbi) have been used for the oral treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and cystinurea. The hydrochloride salt (Cystaran(TM)) is indicated for the treatment of corneal cystine crystal accumulation in cystinosis patients.
Mechanism of action The free thiol cysteamine depletes cystinotic leukocytes and other cells of cystine, whose accumulation is considered the cause of organ damage in cystinosis. Cysteamine cleaves the disulfide bond with cystine to produce molecules that can escape the metabolic defect in cystinosis and cystinuria.
Absorption Cystagon(R) reaches its maximum plasma concentration in about 1.4 hours.
Protein binding Cysteamine has a plasma protein binding of 52% and is mostly bound to albumin.
Biotransformation The metabolism of cysteamine has not yet been determined.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions (seizures), increased thirst and unusual tiredness or weakness.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid administration of delayed release cysteamine less than 30 minutes before and within 2 hours after ingesting food due to decreased bioavailability of cysteamine.

Targets


cystine
Name cystine
Gene Name Not Available
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions cleavage
References
  • Omran Z, Kay G, Di Salvo A, Knott RM, Cairns D: PEGylated derivatives of cystamine as enhanced treatments for nephropathic cystinosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Jan 1;21(1):45-7. Epub 2010 Nov 21. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score Not Available
Somatostatin
Name Somatostatin
Gene Name SST
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions binder
References
  • Ahren B, Bottcher G, Ekman R, Sundler F: Cysteamine and the endocrine pancreas: immunocytochemical, immunochemical, and functional aspects. Cell Tissue Res. 1989 Apr;256(1):159-66. - Pubmed
  • McIntosh CH, Bakich V, Bokenfohr K, DiScala-Guenot D, Kwok YN, Brown JC: Cysteamine-induced reduction in gastrointestinal somatostatin: evidence for a region-specific loss in immunoreactivity. Regul Pept. 1988 Jun;21(3-4):205-18. - Pubmed
  • Terry LC, Craig R: Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Neuroendocrinology. 1985 Dec;41(6):467-75. - Pubmed
  • McIntosh C, Bakich V, Trotter T, Kwok YN, Nishimura E, Pederson R, Brown J: Effect of cysteamine on secretion of gastrin and somatostatin from the rat stomach. Gastroenterology. 1984 May;86(5 Pt 1):834-8. - Pubmed
  • Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2659
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2
Name Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2
Gene Name NPY2R
Pharmacological action unknown
Actions other/unknown
References
  • Li W, Hexum TD: Cysteamine selectively enhances neuropeptide Y2 receptor binding activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):380-6. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 1.2658

Enzymes


Myeloperoxidase
Name Myeloperoxidase
Gene Name MPO
Actions substrate
References
  • Svensson BE: Abilities of peroxidases to catalyse peroxidase-oxidase oxidation of thiols. Biochem J. 1988 Dec 15;256(3):757-62. - Pubmed
  • Svensson BE, Graslund A, Strom G, Moldeus P: Thiols as peroxidase substrates. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993 Feb;14(2):167-75. - Pubmed
  • Svensson BE, Lindvall S: Myeloperoxidase-oxidase oxidation of cysteamine. Biochem J. 1988 Jan 15;249(2):521-30. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.6999

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
290 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 PTGS2 0.0391
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0268
309 Antithrombin-III SERPINC1 0.0251
3997 Cytochrome P450 24A1, mitochondrial CYP24A1 0.0239
563 Thyroid peroxidase TPO 0.0238
153 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH 0.0238
275 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 0.0215
503 Somatostatin receptor type 1 SSTR1 0.0214
723 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 PLA2G4A 0.021
3866 Serum amyloid A protein SAA1 0.0209
1932 Apolipoprotein E APOE 0.0208
1200 AMBP protein AMBP 0.0208
54 Prothrombin F2 0.0207
61 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
2644 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
2710 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase folK 0.0201
3872 Somatostatin receptor type 5 SSTR5 0.02
6008 Somatostatin receptor type 2 SSTR2 0.02
1974 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform SLC15A2 0.019
856 Vitamin D3 receptor VDR 0.0189
6020 Aldehyde oxidase AOX1 0.0188
1539 Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform SLC15A1 0.0183
239 Coagulation factor X F10 0.0167
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.016
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.016
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.016
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.016
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.016
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.016
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.016
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.016
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.016
7154 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.016
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.016
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.016
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.016
6012 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase TDO2 0.0155
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0146
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0132
6165 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 ATP7A 0.0132
6163 Copper-transporting ATPase 2 ATP7B 0.0132
633 Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B pbpA 0.0132
6146 High affinity copper uptake protein 1 SLC31A1 0.0125
4152 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1 0.0121
6270 Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 PLA2G2E 0.0121
908 Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 GSTT1 0.0119
2038 Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB 0.0119
896 Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 GSTM1 0.0105
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0103
3947 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH 0.0099
2157 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 NQO1 0.0099
6161 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 SLC31A2 0.0098
904 Glutathione S-transferase P GSTP1 0.0094
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0083
713 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3 0.008
3941 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A MAOA 0.008
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.008
3939 Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B MAOB 0.008
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0079
6013 Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 0.0078
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.0076
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.0075
540 Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2 0.0075
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0071
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.007
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0069
109 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL SLC25A29 0.0067
636 Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20 0.0067
3601 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0065
3807 Dihydropteroate synthase 1 folP1 0.0065
3808 Dihydropteroate synthase 2 folP2 0.0065
122 P2Y purinoceptor 12 P2RY12 0.0062
6036 Eosinophil peroxidase EPX 0.0059
6168 Solute carrier family 22 member 16 SLC22A16 0.0058
200 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2 0.0058
451 Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform CPT1A 0.0058
3830 Calreticulin CALR 0.0057
412 Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT 0.0057
551 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT 0.0057
6034 Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase ASMT 0.0055
6035 Nuclear receptor ROR-beta RORB 0.0055
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0054
1898 Cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1 0.0053
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.0051
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0049
765 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO1 0.0047
6102 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 NAT2 0.0045
362 Melatonin receptor type 1B MTNR1B 0.0045
571 Melatonin receptor type 1A MTNR1A 0.0045
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0043
6144 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 SLC22A2 0.0042
6101 Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 FMO3 0.0041
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0037
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0035
243 Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone] NQO2 0.0033
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0033
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.003
465 Calmodulin CALM1 0.0029
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0028
6147 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 SLC22A3 0.0027
468 Cytochrome P450 4A11 CYP4A11 0.0026
6137 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 ABCC6 0.0026
3811 Cytochrome P450 19A1 CYP19A1 0.0026
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0024
136 Estrogen receptor ESR1 0.0024
6136 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 ABCC5 0.0024
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0023
6145 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 SLC22A1 0.0023
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0021
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0018
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.0013
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