DB00200 - Hydroxocobalamin
| Identification | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hydroxocobalamin |
| Accession Number | DB00200 (APRD01022) |
| Type | small molecule |
| Description | Injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. [PubChem] |
| Structure |
|
| Categories (*) | |
| Molecular Weight | 1346.3551 |
| Groups | approved |
| Monoisotopic Weight | 1345.567070949 |
| Pharmacology | |
| Indication | For treatment of pernicious anemia and the prevention and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency arising from alcoholism, malabsorption, tapeworm infestation, celiac, hyperthyroidism, hepatic-biliary tract disease, persistent diarrhea, ileal resection, pancreatic cancer, renal disease, prolonged stress, vegan diets, macrobiotic diets or other restrictive diets. Also for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning. |
| Mechanism of action | Vitamin B12 exists in four major forms referred to collectively as cobalamins; deoxyadenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamin. Two of these, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin, are primarily used by the body. Methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells. |
| Absorption | Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. |
| Protein binding | Very high (90%). Cobalamins are extensively bound to two specific plasma proteins called transcobalamin 1 and 2; 70% to transcobalamin 1, 5% to transcobalamin 2. |
| Biotransformation | Primarily hepatic. Cobalamins are absorbed in the ileum and stored in the liver. They continuously undergo enterohepatic recycling via secretion in the bile. Part of a dose is excreted in the urine, most of it in the first 8 hours. |
| Route of elimination | Each hydroxocobalamin molecule can bind one cyanide ion by substituting it for the hydroxo ligand linked to the trivalent cobalt ion, to form cyanocobalamin, which is then excreted in the urine. |
| Toxicity | Not Available |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Interactions | |
| Drug Interactions | Not Available |
| Food Interactions | Not Available |
Targets
| Methionine synthase | |
|---|---|
| Name | Methionine synthase |
| Gene Name | MTR |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | cofactor |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.125 |
| Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial | |
| Name | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial |
| Gene Name | MUT |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | cofactor |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.496 |
| Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial | |
| Name | Methionine synthase reductase, mitochondrial |
| Gene Name | MTRR |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other |
| References | |
| DTHybrid score | 1.2628 |
| Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial | |
| Name | Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial |
| Gene Name | MMAA |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other/unknown |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4964 |
| Transcobalamin-1 | |
| Name | Transcobalamin-1 |
| Gene Name | TCN1 |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4964 |
| Amnionless protein | |
| Name | Amnionless protein |
| Gene Name | AMN |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4964 |
| Cubilin | |
| Name | Cubilin |
| Gene Name | CUBN |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4952 |
| Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase, mitochondrial | |
| Name | Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase, mitochondrial |
| Gene Name | MMAB |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other |
| References | |
| DTHybrid score | 1.4968 |
| Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein | |
| Name | Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein |
| Gene Name | MMACHC |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | other/unknown |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4968 |