DT-Web

DB00447 - Loracarbef


Identification
Name Loracarbef
Accession Number DB00447 (APRD01077)
Type small molecule
Description Loracarbef is a carbacephem antibiotic sometimes grouped together with the second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics. It is marketed under the trade name Lorabid.
Structure
MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI
Categories (*)
Molecular Weight 349.769
Groups approved
Monoisotopic Weight 349.082933722
Pharmacology
Indication Used to treat upper respiratory tract bacterial infections, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyntitis and tonsillitis, skin absceses, urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis caused by E. coli, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. saprphyticus, S. penumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Mechanism of action Loracarbef is an oral, synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbacephem class. Chemically, carbacephems differ from cephalosporin-class antibiotics in the dihydrothiazine ring where a methylene group has been substituted for a sulfur atom. Loracarbef has a spectrum of activity similar to that of the second generation cephalosporins. It is structurally identical to cefaclor except for a sulfur atom that has been replaced by a methylene group. This change gives greater chemical stability in solution and allows storage at room temperature. Loracarbef, like all b-lactams and cephalosporins, inhibits penicillin binding proteins, enzymes that create the cross-linkage of the peptidoglycan polymer. This binding leads to interference with the formation and remodeling of the cell wall structure.
Absorption Well absorbed with approximately 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion.
Protein binding 25%
Biotransformation There is no evidence of metabolism in humans.
Route of elimination Not Available
Toxicity Adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, vomiting, headache, dizziness, rash, bone marrow depression.
Affected organisms
  • Various gram-negative and gram-positive eubacteria
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Mechanism of interaction
Probenecid Probenecid may increase the serum level of loracarbef.
Food Interactions
  • Take on an empty stomach. Food reduces Cmax by 50 to 60%.

Targets


Penicillin-binding protein 3
Name Penicillin-binding protein 3
Gene Name pbp3
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Chambers HF, Miick C: Characterization of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Staphylococcus aureus: deacylation reaction and identification of two penicillin-binding peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Mar;36(3):656-61. - Pubmed
  • Sato K, Okachi R, Matsukuma I, Mochida K, Hirata T: In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of KT3777, a new orally active carbacephem. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1989 Dec;42(12):1844-53. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.0083
Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B
Name Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B
Gene Name pbpA
Pharmacological action yes
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. - Pubmed
  • Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. - Pubmed
  • Sato K, Okachi R, Matsukuma I, Mochida K, Hirata T: In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of KT3777, a new orally active carbacephem. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1989 Dec;42(12):1844-53. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.8413

Transporters


Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform
Gene Name SLC15A1
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Wenzel U, Gebert I, Weintraut H, Weber WM, Clauss W, Daniel H: Transport characteristics of differently charged cephalosporin antibiotics in oocytes expressing the cloned intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 and in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 May;277(2):831-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5655
Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Name Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform
Gene Name SLC15A2
Actions inhibitor
References
  • Boll M, Herget M, Wagener M, Weber WM, Markovich D, Biber J, Clauss W, Murer H, Daniel H: Expression cloning and functional characterization of the kidney cortex high-affinity proton-coupled peptide transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):284-9. - Pubmed
DTHybrid score 0.5583

Predictions


Id Partner name Gene Name Score
244 Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE 0.1747
1729 Solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A6 0.1124
118 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5 0.0999
1 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0772
4155 Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI ftsI 0.0772
6142 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 SLC22A8 0.047
645 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
5805 Penicillin-binding protein 1A ponA 0.0413
6185 Penicillin-binding protein 1A mrcA 0.0413
6799 Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA 0.0413
587 Serum albumin ALB 0.0389
1757 Myeloperoxidase MPO 0.0382
6067 Penicillin binding protein 2a mecA 0.0376
471 Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) SLC6A14 0.036
1385 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 0.035
4512 Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A4 0.0317
1024 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 SLC22A11 0.0314
543 Penicillin-binding protein 1B mrcB 0.0309
6186 Penicillin-binding protein 1B ponB 0.0309
6822 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
6844 Penicillin-binding protein 1b pbp1b 0.0309
1588 Multidrug resistance protein 1 ABCB1 0.028
6113 MecA PBP2' (penicillin binding protein 2') mecA 0.0264
159 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0249
6121 Penicillin-binding protein 2B penA 0.0249
234 Plasminogen PLG 0.0246
6016 Cytochrome P450 2C19 CYP2C19 0.0239
115 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6069 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
6118 Penicillin-binding protein 2 penA 0.0235
6187 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
6686 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbp2 0.0235
6939 Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA 0.0235
7163 Penicillin-binding protein 2 pbpA 0.0235
4252 Penicillin-binding protein 5 dacA 0.0234
56 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALAD 0.023
2356 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3613 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3674 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase hemB 0.023
3923 Cholinesterase BCHE 0.0203
230 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 ABCC8 0.0203
2544 Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase Not Available 0.0198
4604 Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1 0.0175
6143 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC22A7 0.0169
2385 Penicillin acylase Not Available 0.0166
3917 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR 0.0164
6139 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1A2 0.0155
3060 Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase LTA4H 0.0149
819 Penicillin-binding protein 4 dacB 0.0148
332 Beta-lactamase blaZ 0.0133
2478 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2613 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2635 Beta-lactamase ampC 0.0133
2700 Beta-lactamase penP 0.0133
5445 Beta-lactamase blaB 0.0133
6019 Beta-lactamase SHV-7 0.0133
6701 Beta-lactamase cphA 0.0133
1632 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 SLCO2B1 0.013
4119 Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6 0.0127
4757 Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9 0.0117
738 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 SLC16A1 0.0104
509 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
570 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
2559 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
3430 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
3518 Thymidine kinase TK 0.0101
5301 Thymidine kinase tdk 0.0101
5771 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
7009 Thymidine kinase ORF36 0.0101
3810 Catechol O-methyltransferase COMT 0.0092
3760 Penicillin-binding protein 5 precursor dacA 0.0091
2461 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase Not Available 0.0091
5756 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dac 0.0091
709 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1 0.0089
3426 Glutamine synthetase glnA 0.0089
3987 Glutamine synthetase GLUL 0.0089
6184 D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase dacC dacC 0.0088
338 DNA polymerase UL30 0.0087
379 DNA polymerase UL54 0.0087
697 DNA polymerase ORF28 0.0087
2482 DNA polymerase 43 0.0087
4104 DNA polymerase BALF5 0.0087
6140 Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter SLC10A2 0.0084
867 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpC 0.0083
6119 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
7157 Penicillin-binding protein 3 LMHCC_2184 0.0083
7162 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbpB 0.0083
7172 Penicillin-binding protein 3 pbp3 0.0083
20 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 PTGS1 0.0078
318 Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A 0.0071
1141 Sialidase-1 NEU1 0.0068
64 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
641 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
2676 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
3026 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
3519 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
6007 Neuraminidase NA 0.0068
2164 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 ABCC4 0.0063
6160 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 SLCO3A1 0.006
6154 Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1 0.0059
6153 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 SLCO4A1 0.0059
632 Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B 0.0056
1490 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B1 0.0054
5482 Sialidase-2 NEU2 0.0052
556 Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A 0.005
6106 Cytochrome P450 2C18 CYP2C18 0.0048
707 72 kDa type IV collagenase MMP2 0.0048
833 Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 SLC22A4 0.0048
3961 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 KCNJ5 0.0046
4924 Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C8 0.0043
65 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Not Available 0.0039
521 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9 ABCC9 0.0038
132 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 ABCA1 0.0035
2184 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR 0.0034
6018 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 UGT1A9 0.0033
4118 Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 0.0033
866 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 SLC7A8 0.0032
238 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARG 0.0031
1181 Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 ORM1 0.003
781 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 KCNJ11 0.003
245 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 SLC7A5 0.0029
3876 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase DDC 0.0029
6107 Cytochrome P450 3A7 CYP3A7 0.0024
163 D(1B) dopamine receptor DRD5 0.0024
1709 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 ABCC3 0.0023
432 D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4 0.0023
638 D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 0.0022
6151 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 SLC16A10 0.0022
776 Bile salt export pump ABCB11 0.0022
862 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ABCC1 0.002
23 D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 0.002
1735 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 ABCC2 0.0019
831 D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2 0.0018
1732 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 ABCG2 0.0018
631 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR 0.0017
3387 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mvaA 0.0017
6176 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 UGT1A3 0.0015
6178 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 UGT2B7 0.0014
6157 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1B3 0.0014
6022 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 UGT1A1 0.0014
6024 Cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 0.0011
6030 Cytochrome P450 2B6 CYP2B6 0.0011
4200 Cytochrome P450 1A2 CYP1A2 0.0009
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