DB00210 - Adapalene
| Identification | |
|---|---|
| Name | Adapalene |
| Accession Number | DB00210 (APRD00780) |
| Type | small molecule |
| Description | Adapalene is a topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of acne and is also used (off-label) to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions. It is currently marketed by Galderma under the trade names Differin in some countries, and Adaferin in India. [Wikipedia] |
| Structure |
|
| Categories (*) | |
| Molecular Weight | 412.5201 |
| Groups | approved |
| Monoisotopic Weight | 412.203844762 |
| Pharmacology | |
| Indication | For the topical treatment of comedo, papular and pustular acne (acne vulgaris) of the face, chest or back. |
| Mechanism of action | Mechanistically, adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors (gamma and beta) and retinoid X receptors but does not bind to the cytosolic receptor protein. Although the exact mode of action of adapalene is unknown, it is suggested that topical adapalene may normalize the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells resulting in decreased microcomedone formation. |
| Absorption | Absorption of adapalene through human skin is low. Only trace amounts (<0.25 ng/mL) of parent substance have been found in the plasma of acne patients following chronic topical application of adapalene in controlled clinical trials |
| Protein binding | Not Available |
| Biotransformation | Metabolized mainly by O-demethylation, hydroxylation and conjugation, and excretion is primarily by the biliary route. |
| Route of elimination | Excretion appears to be primarily by the biliary route. |
| Toxicity | The acute oral toxicity of adapalene in mice and rats is greater than 10 mL/kg. Chronic ingestion of the drug may lead to the same side effects as those associated with excessive oral intake of Vitamin A. |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Interactions | |
| Drug Interactions | Not Available |
| Food Interactions | Not Available |
Targets
| Retinoic acid receptor gamma-1 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor gamma-1 |
| Gene Name | RARG |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | agonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.4313 |
| Retinoic acid receptor beta | |
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor beta |
| Gene Name | RARB |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | agonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.052 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma | |
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma |
| Gene Name | RXRG |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | agonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 0.6249 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta | |
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta |
| Gene Name | RXRB |
| Pharmacological action | yes |
| Actions | agonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 0.9347 |
| Retinoic acid receptor alpha | |
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor alpha |
| Gene Name | RARA |
| Pharmacological action | unknown |
| Actions | agonist |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 1.0484 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha | |
| Name | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha |
| Gene Name | RXRA |
| Pharmacological action | no |
| Actions | other/unknown |
| References |
|
| DTHybrid score | 0.8036 |